高中英语 Unit 17 Disabilities知识精讲 人教版第二册

1 高二英语第二册高二英语第二册 UnitUnit 1717 DisabilitiesDisabilities 人教版人教版 本讲教育信息本讲教育信息 一一 教学内容 教学内容 Unit 17 Disabilities 一 重点单词 二 重点短语 三 重点句型 二二 本周知识精讲 本周知识精讲 一 重点单词 1 assistassist vt vt 帮助 援助帮助 援助 assistedassisted assistingassisting assists assists 短语 assistassist sb with sb with sth sth assistassist sb sb inin doingdoing sthsth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 assistassist sb sb toto dodo sth sth 1 Two students assistedassisted the professor withwith the experiment 两个学生帮助教授做这个实验 2 She asked us to assistassist her inin carrying out the plan 她请我们帮她实施那项计划 3 The new mayor assistedassisted us toto establishestablish a new company 新市长帮我们成立了一家新公司 assistanceassistance n 帮助 协助 be of assistance help assistantassistant n 助手 助理 1 I can t move the heavy box without your assistanceassistance 没有你的帮助 我搬不动这只重箱子 2 Mary was accepted as the assistantassistant of the professor 玛丽作为这位教授的助手被接受 2 adjustadjust vt 调整 调节 使适应 使适合调整 调节 使适应 使适合 1 Will you adjustadjust this digital camera It doesn t work well 这个数码相机不好用 请你调一下好吗 2 You can adjustadjust this desk toto the height of any child 这桌子可以调整 以适应任何孩子的身高 3 Moving out of the well lit office my eyes haven t adjustedadjusted toto the dark 刚从灯火通明的办公室出来 我的眼睛还不适应黑暗 4 It needs some time for those new students to adjustadjust themselves to themselves to the life of the school 需要一段时间让新同学适应学校生活 归纳 归纳 adjustadjust vt vt 调整 调节调整 调节 后面直接跟名词 代词作宾语 后面直接跟名词 代词作宾语 vi vi 调整调整 适应适应 常与介词常与介词 toto 连用 构成短语连用 构成短语 adjustadjust oneself to oneself to 3 3 participateparticipate vi vi 参与 参加 分享参与 参加 分享 多与介词多与介词 inin 连用连用 1 Eighty seven developing countries are expected to participate participate 预计有 87 个发展中国家参加 2 The women model workers actively participateparticipate inin local politics 这些女劳模积极参与当地政治 2 3 I am willing to participateparticipate inin your suffering 我愿意分担你的痛苦 participationparticipation n n 参加参加 participantparticipant n n 参加者参加者 1 Now they can seek bigger participationparticipation in mainland 现在他们可以在大陆寻求更大的参与机会 2 Though he has retired he is an active participantparticipant in social work 尽管他已退休 他仍积极参与社会工作 4 accessibleaccessible adj adj 可以使用的 可以得到的 能进入的 易受影响的 可以理解的可以使用的 可以得到的 能进入的 易受影响的 可以理解的 短语 be accessibleaccessible to sb 某人容易得到 A telephone is put where it will be accessible accessible 电话要放在容易拿到的地方 These documents are not accessibleaccessible to the public 这些文件是大众无法得到的 A manager should be accessibleaccessible to his her staff 经理应该让职员感到平易近人 5 giftedgifted adj adj 有天赋的 有天资的 有才华的有天赋的 有天资的 有才华的 短语 短语 havehave a a giftgift for for bebe giftedgifted in in atat 有 有 的才能的才能 They are giftedgifted children 他们是聪慧的儿童 The children areare giftedgifted atat singing 孩子们有唱歌的天赋 Many thanks for the giftgift you sent me on my birthday 多谢你们在我过生日时送给我的礼物 The blind man hashas a a giftgift forfor recognizing sound 盲人有识别声音的才能 6 6 abilityability n 能力 才能 1 Un 表示 能力 行事能力 I doubt his abilityability toto dodo the job 我认为他没有做这项工作的能力 2 表示 有能力做某事或具备做某事的能力 常用 abilityability toto dodo sth sth 一般不用 ability of doing sth She has the abilityability toto speakspeak English fluently 她能够流利地说英文 3 其复数 abilitiesabilities 表示 才能 本领 能力 He is a man of many abilities abilities 他是位多才多艺的人 4 短语 havehave abilityability inin doing doing 有 的才干 She hashas greatgreat abilityability inin teachingteaching English 她有教英文的才干 5 ability 的反义词是 inabilityinability 没有能力或没有才能 disabilitydisability 指因先天缺陷或受伤变残而导致的无能 His inabilityinability to speak French puts him at a disadvantage 他不会说法语 这使他很吃亏 3 Physical disabilitydisability causes mental anguish 生理伤残会引起心理苦闷 Exercises 1 The chief scientist asked us to them in carrying through the plan A provide B encourage C assist D persuade 2 Can I be of That s what I need A assist B assistance C assistant D assisting 3 You can t see through the telescope until it your eyes A adjusted to B adjusts to C is adjusted D is adjusted to 4 Adjusting oneself the fire in the army is what you do at the moment A for B at C by D to 5 More than ten countries the Iraq war which has caused great suffering to the local people A attended B joined C participated in D made 6 Young people are longing to have opportunities of the social activities A participation B participating in C participants D participating by 7 Some of the houses on the hillside are to cars A inaccessible B impossible C inconvenient D inadequate 8 In the classroom he doesn t find a man to ask for help He has lost all faith in his ability A to succeed B of success C to success D of succeeding 答案 答案 1 C2 B3 D4 D5 C6 B 7 A8 A 二 重点短语 1 She uses a wheelchair to getget aroundaround and it often takes her a little longer to do everyday things 她用轮椅到处走动 在处理日常事情时 她所花的时间会比其他人稍微多一些 getget aroundaround vi vi 1 1 到处走动 消息 传播出去 避开 到处走动 消息 传播出去 避开 1 1 He can getget around aboutaround about again after the leg operation 腿部手术后 他又可以走动了 2 There is a rumour gettinggetting aroundaround that the boss has fallen in love with his secretary 有谣传说老板爱上了他的秘书 2 2 逃避 绕过某困难 讨好 笼络某人 逃避 绕过某困难 讨好 笼络某人 vt vt 1 It s wrong of them to getget aroundaround the tax 他们逃税是错误的 2 We can getget aroundaround the problem by building a space station 我们可以通过建立太空站来解决问题 3 He is always trying to getget aroundaround his heads 他总是设法讨好他的上司们 3 get 的其他短语 4 get along 进展 相处 get away 离开 离去 get back 回来 收回 get by 走过 避 开 get down to 静下心来 处理 开始认真做某事 get in 插话 收获 get off 下来 出 发 动身 脱下 get on 乘车 进步 相处 get on with sth 继续某事 get out 公布 出 版 get over 越过 克服 get through with 完成 通过 2 Maybe it is time for the rest of the society to accept me as I am and getget usedused toto the fact that while I may not be able to walk there are many other great things I can do 也许是时候让社会上的其他人接受像我这样的人了 他们将会习惯这个事实 虽然我 不会走路 但我可以做许多其他的大事 1 get be 1 get be usedused toto sthsth 习惯于某事 适应于某事 to 为介词 后加 n pron used to B used to is used to C is used to used to D is used to is used to 5 I to be quite afraid to live in that country but now I have to the life there A used been used B used used C was used got used D get used been used 三 重点句型 1 1 but I wishwish they wouldn t treat me as if I were a child 但是我希望他们不要把我看成小孩子 wishwish thatthat 但愿 要是 就好了 We wishwish it werewere spring all year round 要是一年到头都是春天就好了 I wishwish the committee wouldwould bebe set up tomorrow 但愿委员会明天就成立 I wishwish I I hadhad seenseen the Foreign Minister at the press meeting yesterday 我要是昨天在记者招待会上见到外交部长就好了 归纳 归纳 wishwish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 表示未能实现或不能实现的愿望 即与现实后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 表示未能实现或不能实现的愿望 即与现实 相反的主观设想 相反的主观设想 与现在相反时从句中用一般过去时形式 与过去相反时 从句中使用与现在相反时从句中用一般过去时形式 与过去相反时 从句中使用 had had 过去分词过去分词 与将来事实相反时 从句中用与将来事实相反时 从句中用 would could might should would could might should 动词原形动词原形 拓展 与 wish 相同的句型 1 IfIf onlyonly 句型中也用虚拟语气表示 要是要是 多好多好 与现在事实相反时 动词用与现在事实相反时 动词用 过去时形式 与过去事实相反时 动词用过去时形式 与过去事实相反时 动词用 had had 过去分词过去分词 表示与将来事实相反时 动词 表示与将来事实相反时 动词 用用 would could might should would could might should 动词原形动词原形 IfIf onlyonly I hadhad more time to think about this problem 我要是能有更多的时间考虑这个问题就好了 IfIf onlyonly I I hadn thadn t lost my wallet 我要是没有丢失钱包该多好呀 IfIf onlyonly wewe couldcould graduategraduate from university this year 如果我们今年毕业就好了 2 asas if asif as though though 似乎似乎 好像 好像 此句型可引导方式状语从句 从此句型可引导方式状语从句 从 句中可用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况 也可用虚拟语气 表示与事实不符或与事实句中可用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况 也可用虚拟语气 表示与事实不符或与事实 相反的情况 相反的情况 a 表示与现在的事实不符 用一般过去时 The teacher treats the pupils as if they were her own child 这位老师对待这些学生就像她自己的亲生孩子一样 b 表示与过去事实不相符 用过去完成时 Mary spoke in such a way asas ifif sheshe hadhad growngrown up up 玛丽说话的方式好像她已经长大了 c 表示与将来的事实不符 用 would might could should 动词原形 It looks as if it might rain 天看上去好像要下雨 不大可能下雨 6 比较 He looks as if he were young 看样子他好像很年轻 实际上他不年轻 He looks as if he is young 看样子他好像很年轻 用陈述语气表示他就是年轻 注意 注意 as as ifif 引导的方式状语从句可用省略形式 后面接名词 形容词 副词和介引导的方式状语从句可用省略形式 后面接名词 形容词 副词和介 词短语 也可跟分词或不定式 词短语 也可跟分词或不定式 1 The wounded soldier opened his mouth asas ifif toto speakspeak 那个受伤的战士张开嘴巴好像要说话 2 His eldest son acted asas ifif a a foolfool 他的大儿子表现得像个傻子 3 The old woman set upon the thief asas ifif mad mad 那个老妇人发疯似地扑向小偷 4 She talked to the stranger while walking asas ifif absent mindedly absent mindedly 她边走边应付着那个陌生人 好像心不在焉 5 He opened the archive asas ifif inin searchsearch ofof somesome militantmilitant information information 他打开档案 好像要搜索什么重要军事情报 6 The boy is running impatiently here and there asas ifif searchingsearching forfor somethingsomething lostlost onon thethe sportssports ground ground 这个男孩子急躁地跑来跑去 好像在找丢在操场上的什么东西 7 The football player is rolling on the ground asas ifif hurthurt badlybadly inin thethe leg leg 那个足球运动员在地上滚来滚去 好像是腿部受了重伤 as as ifif 也可引导表语从句 用在也可引导表语从句 用在 look look seem seem smell smell taste taste soundsound 等联系动词后 等联系动词后 可用陈述语气或虚拟语气 如从句表示的情况不是事实 通常用虚拟语气 可用陈述语气或虚拟语气 如从句表示的情况不是事实 通常用虚拟语气 It looks asas ifif we areare going to miss the train 好像我们赶不上火车了 You look asas ifif you werewere at least ten years younger 你看上去好像至少年轻了十岁 Exercises 1 We wish you with us but we know how busy you are A would have come B could come C could be coming D had come 2 How I wish I you about the good news earlier A could tell B had told C will tell D have told 3 Look at the trouble I am in If only I your advice A followed B would follow C had followed D should follow 4 When a pencil is partly in a glass of water it looks as if it A breaks B has broken C were broken D had been broken 5 He was working hard as if he last week A wasn t ill B wouldn t be ill C hadn t been ill D isn t ill 6 The two girls talked as if they friends for years 7 A should be B would be C have been D had been 翻译 7 但愿我再年轻一次就好了 8 我希望能飞到月球上度假 9 He walked 好像是喝醉了 10 The young man with long hair 看上去像个女的 11 He looked 好像已经知道一些情况 答案 答案 1 B2 B3 C4 C5 C6 D 7 I wish I were young again 8 I wish I could fly to the moon for holiday 9 as if he had been drunk 10 looks as if he were a girl 11 as if he had known something about it 2 2 They need recognition moremore thanthan sympathy and help A more than 名词 表示 不仅仅是 不只是 1 Modern science is more than a large amount of information 现代科学不仅仅是指大量的信息 2 Jack is more than a lecturer he is a writer too 杰克不仅是讲师 他还是一名作家 B more than 数词 表示 超过 相当于 over 3 I have known David for more than 20 years 我认识大卫二十多年了 4 The old man standing over there is over more than 60 站在那里的那位老人六十多岁了 C more than 形容词 相当于 很 或 非常 的意思 5 In doing scientific experiments one must be more than careful with the instruments 在做科学实验时 必须十分小心实验器具 6 I assure you I am more than glad to help you 我会让你相信 我很乐意帮你 D 在 more than 中 肯定 more 后面的而否定 than 后面的 相当于 是 而不是 与其说 不如说 7 This book seems to be more a manual than a text 这本书似乎是一本手册 而非课本 8 Hearing the loud noise the boy was more surprised than frightened 听到那声巨响 那个男孩很吃惊而不是害怕 3 While I may not be able to walk there are many other great things I can do 8 连词 while 大致有以下五种用法 1 引导时间状语从句 意为 当 的时候 和 同时 此时的主从句谓语动作同 时发生 从句谓语通常是延续性动词 如 1 Mary watched TV while she ate her supper 玛丽边吃饭边看电视 2 While she was listening to the radio she fell asleep 她听着收音机睡着了 注意 while 引导从句时 如主从句的主语一致 且从句谓语又含有 be 则从句主语和 be 可省略 while 后可直接跟现在分词 名词 形容词或介词短语 如 1 We are teachers while we are serving as students 我们边当老师边当学生 2 While he was yet a youth he gained many prizes 他年轻时就曾多次获奖 3 He caught a cold while he was on vacation 他度假时患了感冒 2 表示对比或转折 意为 而 然而 此时 while 一般位于句中 1 Some people waste food while others haven t enough 有些人浪费粮食 然而有些人却吃不饱 2 You like sports while I prefer music 你喜欢体育 而我更喜欢音乐 3 表示让步 通常位于句首 意为 尽管 虽然 如 1 While I agree with your reasons I can t allow it 尽管我同意你的理由 但我不能允许你这样做 2 While he loves his students he is very strict with them 虽然他爱他的学生们 可是他对学生们很严格 3 While he was respected he is not liked 他虽受人尊敬 但并不被人喜欢 4 表示条件 意为 只要 其意思和用法相当于 as long as while 可位于句首 也 可位于句中 1 You don t have to worry while we are here 只要我们在 你就不用担心 2 There will be life while there is water and air 只要有空气和水 就有生命 3 While there is life there is hope 留得青山在 不怕没柴烧 5 意为 趁着 如 1 Make hay while the sun shines 晒草要趁阳光好 莫失良机 谚 2 Strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 谚 3 While the roses are yet in bloom will you come with me to see them 趁玫瑰花还开着 你和我一道去看看好吗 4 It s very important for us to know that someone far away is also struggling as we are 5 I ve learnt to live with my body as it is and adjusted my way of life 9 典型例题典型例题 1 I admit that there are problems I don t agree that they can t be solved A When B While C As D Since 2 you know your potential you have to rely on many other people to get where you are A While B Since C If D Where 3 Tourism it brings in money to a company can also result in damage to the World Heritage sites there A because B as C while D since 4 It s hard him change his mind A of you to make to B for you to make C for you to make to D of you making Unit 18 Inventions 预习导学 一 本单元重点单词和短语 1 friendly adj 友好的 2 advantage n 有利条件 优点 优势 好处 利益 3 decide vt 决定 解决 判决 使下决心 vi 决定 判定 4 born adj 出生于 天生的 5 throughout prep 遍及 贯穿 adv 到处 始终 6 create vt 创造 创作 引起 产生 造成 7 realise vt 认识到 领会 了解 实现 愿望或目的 变卖 财产 8 highly adv 高度地 9 reject vt 抛开 丢弃 拒绝 抵制 10 apply v 应用 使用 适用 申请 11 remain vi 剩下 剩余 留下 逗留 保持 仍是 12 attempt vt neck lines are lowered or raised and so on No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth comfort and durability 耐用 They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort as long as they look right There can hardly be a man who hasn t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high heeled shoes When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion the conclusions to be drawn are obvious Do the constantly changing fashions of women s clothes one wonders reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability That is for you to decide 1 Designers and big stores always make money A by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industry 12 B because they are capable of predicting new fashions C by constantly changing the fashions in women s clothing D because they attach great importance to quality in women s clothing 2 To the writer the fact that women change their old fashioned dresses is seen as A a waste of moneyB a waste of time C an expression of tasteD an expression of creativity 3 The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the of clothing A costB appearance C comfortD suitability 4 According to the passage which of the following statements is true A New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women B The constant changes in women s clothing reflect their strength of character C The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society D Fashion designers should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women B While parents particularly mothers have always been attached to their infants 婴儿 societal conditions frequently made this attachment difficult to maintain 保持 First of all the high infant death rate in the premodern times meant that such attachments often ended in hopelessness Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child One of these premodern attachment discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year Another practice that discouraged maternal 母亲的 attachment was tightly wrapping 包裹 infants Wrapping effectively prevented the close physical interactions like stroking 抚摸 and kissing that are so much a part of modern mothers and fathers affection for their infants A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet nursing Breast feeding 母乳哺育 was not popular among the well to do in the early modern times infants were often fed by wet nurses hired for the purpose In some places such as nineteenth century France city infants were sent to wet nurses in the country Often a wet nurse would feed her own child first leaving little milk for the city infant who in many cases died In Rouen the death rate for children sent to a wet nurse was 35 percent 5 Babies were unnamed until they were two so that A an old social custom could be kept up B maternal attachment could be maintained C they could have better chances to survive 13 D their parents would not be too sad if they died 6 Why were babies wrapped A To protect them from the cold B To distance their mothers from them C To make them feel more comfortable D To make it easy for their mothers to hold them 7 Wet nurses were women who A babysat city infants B fed babies of other families C sent their babies to the country D failed to look after their babies 8 Which is the best title for the passage A Societal Conditions in Premodern Times B Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment C Poor Health Service and High Infant Death