2011年度全国职称英语等级考试预测题A级5-阅读3分题

第 4 部分 阅读理解 第 31 45 题 每题 3 分 共 45 分 下面有 3 篇短文 每篇短文后有 5 道题 每道题后面有 4 个选项 请根据文章的内容 从每题所给 的 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案 涂在答题卡相应的位置上 第二篇第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil scientists in Kuwait predict that world conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014 This prediction is almost a decade earlier than some other predictions Their study is in ACS Energy Fuels1 Ibrahim Nashawi and colleagues point out that rapid growth in global oil consumption has sparked a growing interest in predicting peak oil Peak oil is the point where oil production reaches a maximum and then declines Scientists have developed several models to forecast this point and some put the date at 2020 or later One of the most famous forecast models is called the Hubbert model2 It assumes that global oil production will follow a bell shaped curve3 A related concept is that4 of Peak Oil The term Peak Oil indicates the moment in which world wide production will peak afterwards to start on irreversible decline The Hubbert model accurately predicted that oil production would peak in the United States in 1970 The model has since gained in popularity and has been used to forecast oil production worldwide However recent studies show that the model is insufficient to account for5 more complex oil production cycles of some countries Those cycles can be heavily influenced by technology changes politics and other factors the scientists say The new study describes development of a new version of the Hubbert model that provides a more realistic and accurate oil production forecast Using the new model the scientists evaluated the oil production trends of 47 major oil producing countries which supply most of the world s conventional crude oil6 They estimated that worldwide conventional crude oil production will peak in 2014 years earlier than anticipated The scientists also showed that the world s oil reserves7 are being reduced at a rate of 2 1 percent a year The new model could help inform energy related decisions and public policy debate they suggest 练习 1 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word sparked appearing in paragraph 2 A flashedB stimulated C changed D ended 2 The term a bell shaped curve appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production will A take the shape of a flat curve B keep growing C keep declining D start to decline after global oil production peaks 3 Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model A It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U S in 1970 B It has been used to predict oil production in many countries C It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries D It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production 4 What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph A It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014 B It predicts oil production will decline in 47 countries C It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert model D It discovers a new trend of worldwide oil production 5 Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model A American scientists B Kuwaiti scientists C British scientists D Scientists of 47 major oil producing countries 第三十四篇第三十四篇 Batteries Built by Viruses What do chicken pox the common cold the flu and AIDS have in common They re all disease caused by viruses tiny microorganisms that can pass from person to person It s no wonder1 that when most people think about viruses finding ways to steer clear of2 viruses is what s on people s minds Not everyone runs from the tiny disease carriers though3 In Cambridge Massachusetts4 scientists have discovered that some viruses can be helpful in an unusual way They are putting viruses to work teaching them to build some of the world s smallest rechargeable batteries Viruses and batteries may seem like an unusual pair but they re not so strange for engineer Angela Belcher who first came up with5 the idea At the Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT in Cambridge she and her collaborators bring together different areas of science in new ways In the case of the virus built batteries the scientists combine what they know about biology technology and production techniques Belcher s team includes Paula Hammond who helps put together the tiny batteries and Yet Ming Chiang an expert on how to store energy in the form of a battery We re working on things we traditionally don t associate with nature says Hammond Many batteries are already pretty small You can hold A C and D batteries6 in your hand The coin like batteries that power watches are often smaller than a penny However every year new electronic devices like personal music players or cell phones get smaller than the year before As these devices shrink ordinary batteries won t be small enough to fit inside The ideal battery will store a lot of energy in a small package Right now Belcher s model battery a metallic disk completely built by viruses looks like a regular watch battery But inside its components are very small so tiny you can only see them with a powerful microscope How small are these battery parts To get some idea of the size pluck one hair you re your head Place your hair on a piece of white paper and try to see how wide your hair is pretty thin right Although the width of each person s hair is a bit different you could probably fit about 10 of these virus built battery parts side to side across one hair These microbatteries may change the way we look at viruses7 练习 1 According to the first paragraph people try to A kill microorganisms related to chicken pox the flu etc B keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible C stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases D cure themselves of virus related diseases by taking medicines 2 What is Belcher s team doing at present A It is finding ways to get rid of viruses B It is mass producing microbatteries C It is making batteries with viruses D It is analyzing virus genes 3 What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word shrink appearing in paragraph 5 A Broaden B Spread C Extend D Expand 4 Which of the following is true of Belcher s battery mentioned in paragraph 6 A It is made of metal B It is a kind of watch battery C It can only be seen with a microscope D It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it 5 How tiny is one battery part A Its width is one tenth of a hair B It equals the width of a hair C It is as thin as a piece of paper D Its width is too tiny to measure 第四十五篇第四十五篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others Low salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat Those conclusions are important because recent well publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3 pointed out John Hayes assistant professor of food science who was lead investigator4 on the study Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips on multiple occasions spread out over weeks5 Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women reportedly healthy ranging in age from 20 t040 years The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind Most of us like the taste of salt However some individuals eat more salt both because they like the taste of saltiness more and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food said Hayes Supertasters people who experience tastes more intensely consume more salt than nontasters do Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor and at least for these foods more is better so the supertasters seem to like them more However supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in fo