小学英语语法总结

小学英语语法总结 1 人称代词 主格 I we you she he it they 宾格 me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词 my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词 mine ours yours hers his its theirs 2 形容词和副词的比较级 1 一般在形容词或副词后 er older taller longer stronger etc 2 多音节词前 more more interesting etc 3 双写最后一个字母 再 er bigger fatter etc 4 把 y 变 i 再 er heavier earlier 5 不规则变化 well better much many more etc 3 可数词的复数形式 Most nouns s a book books Nouns ending in a consonant y y ies a story stories Nouns ending in s sh ch or x es a glass glasses a watch watches Nouns ending in o s or es a piano pianos a mango mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe f or fe ves a knife knives a shelf shelves 4 不可数名词 单复数形式不变 bread rice water juice etc 5 缩略形式 I m I am you re you are she s she is he s he is it s it is who s who is can t can not isn t is not etc 6 a an a book a peach an egg an hour 7 Preposition on in in front of between next to near beside at behind 表示时间 at six o clock at Christmas at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8 基数词和序数词 one first two second twenty twentieth 9 Some any I have some toys in my bedroom Do you have any brothers or sisters 10 be 动词 1 Basic form am are is 2 肯定和否定句 I am not from London My eyes are not small My hair is not long 3 一般疑问句 Am I a Chniese Yes you are No you aren t Are they American Yes they are No they aren t Is the cat fat Yes it is No it isn t 11 there be 结构 肯定句 There is a There are 一般疑问句 Is there Yes there is No there isn t Are there Yes there are No there aren t 否定句 There isn t There aren t 12 祈使句 Sit down please Don t sit down please 13 现在进行时 通常用 now 形式 be verb ing eg I am not doing my homework You We They are not reading He She It is not eating 动词 ing 的形式 Most verbs ing walk walking Verbs ending in e e ing come coming Short verbs ending in a vowel a consonant run running swim swimming 14 一般现在时 通常用 usually often every day sometimes 形式 肯定句 I go to school on foot every day She goes to school on foot every day 初中英语中的可数与不可数名词 英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词 这两种名词在用法 上是有区别的 现归纳如下 一 可数名词有单数 复数之分 如 map maps onion onions baker bakers 不可数名词没有复数形式 只有单数形式 如 some water a lot of bread 二 单数可数名词表示泛指时 前面要用不定冠词 a an 而不可数名词不能用 a an 如 Li Hong is a driver I am a teacher 李红是一名司机 我是一名教师 We can t see milk on the table 我们看不见桌上有牛奶 友情提醒 在表示特指时 不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词 the 如 Pass me the ball please 请把球传给我 The chicken on the plate is yours 盘子里的鸡肉是你的 三 可数名词表示复数意义时可用 many 等词修饰 如 many apples a lot of tomatoes a few pens 不可数名词则要用 much a little 等词修饰 如 much meat a little breadlittle water 友情提醒 这两类名词都可以被 some any a lot of lost of 等修饰 如 some eggs paper 纸 A lot of lots of knives orange juice 四 可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰 如 three women ten babies 不可数名词表示数量的多少时 必须与表示数量的名词连用 即 数词 表示数量的名词 可数名词 of 不可数名词 如 two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶 five pieces of bread 五片面包 五 可数名词作主语时 谓语动词的单 复数与主语的单 复数须保持一致 不可数名词作 主语时 谓语动词只能用单数形式 如 There is some rice in the bowl 碗里有些米饭 All the students are in the classroom 所有的学生都在教室里 友情提醒 如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时 谓语动词须用复数形式 如 There are two bags of rice in the room 房间里有两袋子大米 六 对可数名词的数量提问用 how many 对不可数名词的数量提问要用 how much 但对 不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用 how many 如 I can see two pictures on the wall How many pictures can you see on the wall There is a lot of pork in the basket How much pork is there in the basket I want three glasses of water How many glasses of water do you want 七 另外 有些集合名词也是可数中词 但不同的是 它们以单数形式出现 表示复数概念 如 people police family 等 而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现 如 clothes glasses 眼镜 等