高中英语阅读-词义猜测类

专题一专题一 阅读理解阅读理解 第第 4 讲讲 词义猜测题词义猜测题 真题演练真题演练 A 2016 全国卷 阅读理解 B Five years ago when I taught art at a school in Seattle I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student and said Make something out of the Tinkertoys You have 45 minutes today and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week A few students hesitated to start They waited to see what the rest of the class would do Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided Another group built something out of their own imaginations Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home I was delighted at the presence of such a student Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect 感染感染 other students Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking Without fail one would declare But I m just not creative Do you dream at night when you re asleep Oh sure So tell me one of your most interesting dreams The student would tell something wildly imaginative Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads That s pretty creative Who does that for you Nobody I do it Really at night when you re asleep Sure Try doing it in the daytime in class okay 语篇解读语篇解读 本文属于记叙文 作者通过让学生拼装玩具培养 学生的创造性和想象力 来源 学优高考网 gkstk 5 The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to A know more about the students B make the lessons more exciting C raise the students interest in art D teach the students about toy design 解析 解析 推理判断题 根据文章第二段可知当我把拼装式玩具放在 学生面前的时候 有些学生犹豫着在等着看别人如何行动 有一些学 生查看了使用说明并根据模型做出了一些东西 而另外一些学生则根 据本人的想象力做出了一些东西 通过观察我对不同的学生的性格有 了不同的理解 故 A 正确 答案 答案 A 6 What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3 A He liked to help his teacher B He preferred to study alone C He was active in class D He was imaginative 解析 解析 推理判断题 根据文章第三段可知这个男孩在空闲时间拼 装这些玩具 而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子 家里的卧室里也 有很多 再根据本段倒数第三句 Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work 说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人 故 D 项正确 答案 答案 D 7 What does the underlined word downside in Paragraph 4 probably mean A Mistake B Drawback C Difficulty D Burden 解析 解析 词义猜测题 根据画线单词后一句 I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking 可知我冒着失去 那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险 说明我的这种教育方法也有不足 之处 故划线词意为 drawback 缺点 故 B 正确 答案 答案 B 8 Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams A To help them to see their creativity B To find out about their sleeping habits C To help them to improve their memory D To find out about their ways of thinking 解析 解析 推理判断题 根据文章最后对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们 说出最有趣的有创造性和想象力的梦 并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把 梦的内容做出来 作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们看到自己的创造 性和想象力 故 A 正确 答案 答案 A B 2016 全国卷 阅读理解 C 导学号导学号 58210012 I am Peter Hodes a volunteer stem cell courier Since March 2012 I ve done 89 trips of those 51 have been abroad I have 42 hours to carry stem cells 干细胞干细胞 in my little box because I ve got two ice packs and that s how long they last In all from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor 捐献者捐献者 to the time they can be implanted in the patient we ve got 72 hours at most So I am always conscious of time I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America I picked up the stem cells in Providence Rhode Island and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London But when I arrived at the check in desk at Providence the lady on the desk said Well I m really sorry I ve got some bad news for you there are no flights from Washington So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said In this box are some stem cells that are urgently needed for a patient please please you ve got to get me back to the United Kingdom She just dropped everything She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me re routed 改道改道 me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled For this courier job you re consciously aware that in that box you ve got something that is potentially going to save somebody s life 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文 主要介绍了作者在一次运送 造血干细胞途中的一段经历 表现了人们之间的友爱 29 Which of the following can replace the underlined word courier in Paragraph 1 A provider B delivery man C collector D medical doctor 解析 解析 词义猜测题 根据本段内容 I ve done 89 trips 和 I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box 以及第二段内容可 知作者是运送干细胞的人 也就是 delivery man 故选 B 答案 答案 B 30 Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42 hours A He cannot stay away from his job too long B The donor can only wait for that long C The operation needs that much time D The ice won t last any longer 解析 解析 细节理解题 根据第一段第二句 I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because I ve got two ice packs and that s how long they last 可知冰盒只能保持 42 小时适宜的温度 故选 D 答案 答案 D 31 Which flight did the woman put Peter on first A To London B To Newark C To Providence D To Washington 解析 解析 细节理解题 根据第二段末句 She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me re routed me through Newark 可知 这位好心的女士首先安排作者去 Newark 的航班 故选 B 答案 答案 B C 2016 全国卷 阅读理解 B On one of her trips to New York several years ago Eudora Welty decided to take a couple of New York friends out to dinner They settled in at a comfortable East Side cafe and within minutes another customer was approaching their table Hey aren t you from Mississippi the elegant white haired writer remembered being asked by the stranger I m from Mississippi too Without a second thought the woman joined the Welty party When her dinner partner showed up she also pulled up a chair They began telling me all the news of Mississippi Welty said I didn t know what my New York friends were thinking Taxis on a rainy New York night are rarer than sunshine By the time the group got up to leave it was pouring outside Welty s new friends immediately sent a waiter to find a cab Heading back downtown toward her hotel her big city friends were amazed at the turn of events that had changed their Big Apple dinner into a Mississippi state reunion 团聚团聚 My friend said Now we believe your stories Welty added And I said Now you know These are the people that make me write them Sitting on a sofa in her room Welty a slim figure in a simple gray dress looked pleased with this explanation I don t make them up she said of the characters in her fiction these last 50 or so years I don t have to Beauticians bartenders piano players and people with purple hats Welty s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends from walks through the streets of her native Jackson Miss from conversations overheard on a bus It annoys Welty that at 78 her left ear has now given out Sometimes sitting on a bus or a train she hears only a fragment 片断片断 of a particularly interesting story 语篇解读语篇解读 文章介绍了一位女作家请纽约的朋友吃饭时发生 的故事 Welty 是一位年纪比较大的作家 她来自密西西比 Welty 的作品都是来自于现实的生活 25 What happened when Welty was with her friends at the cafe A Two strangers joined her B Her childhood friends came in C A heavy rain ruined the dinner D Some people held a party there 解析 解析 细节理解题 根据第一段 another customer was approaching their table 和第三段 the woman joined the Welty party When her dinner partner showed up she also pulled up a chair 可知 先后有两个陌生人 一位女士及其同伴 加入了 Welty 他 们的聚会 故选 A 答案 答案 A 26 The underlined word them in Paragraph 6 refers to Welty s A readers B parties C friends D stories 解析 解析 词义猜测题 画线的 them 指代前面提到的人或物 根据 Now we believe your stories 可知 them 指代的是 Welty 写的小说 里面的故事 听了 Welty 和两个陌生人的有关密西西比的谈话之后 Welty 的朋友相信了 Welty 小说里的故事都是来源于生活 故选 D 答案 答案 D 27 What can we learn about the characters in Welty s fiction A They live in big cities B They are mostly women C They come from real life 来源来源 学优高考网学优高考网 gkstk D They are pleasure seekers 来源来源 学优高考网学优高考网 解析 解析 推理判断题 根据第八段 I don t make them up 和第九 段 Welty s people come from afternoons spent visiting with old friends from walks through the streets of her native Jackson Miss from conversations overheard on a bus 可知 Welty 小说里的人物并非虚构的 他们都来源于现实的生活 故选 C 答案 答案 C 模拟演练模拟演练 A 2017 临沂一模 导学号导学号 58210013 Drive through any suburb in the U S Today and it s hard to miss the bins that have become companions to America s trash cans Recycling has become commonplace as people recognize the need to care for the environment Yet most people s recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper bottles and cans People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of e waste E waste rapidly increases as the techno fashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices and the majority of them end up in landfills 垃圾填埋地垃圾填埋地 Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs VCRs computers cell phones and other electronics every year Unless we can find a safe replacement this e waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins 毒素毒素 such as lead mercury and arsenic Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air However e waste often contains reusable silver gold and other electrical materials Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals which can destroy ecosystems A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping 倾倒倾倒 e waste Still less than a quarter of this refuse will reach lawful recycling programs Some companies advertising safe disposal 处置处置 in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries where it still ends up in landfills These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out of sight out of mind location However the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e waste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner better place for us all 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文 回收普通垃圾已经成为我们 的习惯 但是意识到电子垃圾的存在并能合理回收 是现代回收垃圾 的重点 1 What can we infer from the first paragraph A Many Americans now have access to recycling bins B E waste cannot be put into trash cans in the U S C Most Americans have realized the dangers of e waste D Most of America s trash cans are made of recycled material 解析 解析 推理判断题 根据第一段 Recycling has become commonplace as people recognize the need to care for the environment 回收已经平常化 因为人们已经意识到关注环境的需 要 可推断出答案 A 正确 很多美国人已经会用回收箱 故选 A 答案 答案 A 2 What can best replace the underlined word contaminates in Paragraph 2 A Pollutes B Heats C Absorbs D Reduces 解析 解析 词义猜测题 A pollutes 污染 B heats 加热 C absorbs 吸收 D reduces 减少 根据词语前面的句意可知这 些电子污染会进入土地 污染到水源 故这里的句意为 燃烧污染物 可能会污染空气 根据句意故这里选 A 答案 答案 A 3 How does the author feel about burying e waste in landfills A It s important B It s unsafe C It s acceptable D It s uncommon 解析 解析 推理判断题 根据文章第二段和第四段内容 These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out of sight out of mind location 可知把电子垃圾掩埋在垃 圾处理厂是不安全的 故选 B 答案 答案 B 4 What s the author s purpose in writing this text A To tell us how to recycle e waste B To talk about the future of e waste C To discuss if it s necessary to recycle e waste D To encourage us to deal with e waste properly 解析 解析 写作意图题 通读全文可知 文章介绍了回收普通垃圾已 经成为我们的习惯 但是意识到电子垃圾的存在并能合理回收 是现 代回收垃圾的重点 故本文的目的是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾 故 D 答案 答案 D B 2017 石家庄高三检测 Every Wednesday I go to Cantata Adult Life Services a local retirement community in Brookfield Illinois US with my classmates to do community service Our visits last about an hour and we bring 25 30 students every time We play board games and cards with the elderly while we re there You can watch all the movies and TV shows you want about life back then but nothing compares to talking to the people who were actually there Just hearing their stories has touched me in a way I never thought possible Whether it was talking to 98 year old Hurricane Hilda about her glory days as a roller skater or chatting with Lou about the times she danced with a famous actor I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me Even those who don t have amazing memories make the experience fulfilling 充实充实 的的 I remember visiting Mrs Robinson She couldn t recall much about her past but she told me she d never forget how kind I was just to listen to her It made me realize that it s the little things that make life worth living If there s one thing I ve realized in my three years of visiting Cantata it s that presence just being there means more than anything to many of them And despite how busy our lives are there s always time to make someone s day 语篇解读语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文 讲述作者去敬老院做义工的 经历与收获 5 Why does the author go to Cantata Adult Life Services regularly 来源来源 学优高考网学优高考网 A To play board games B To visit the elderly C To watch movies D To share stories 解析 解析 细节理解题 根据第一段中 Every Wednesday I go to Cantata Adult Life Services a local retirement community in Brookfield Illinois US with my classmates to do community service 可知 作者去敬老院的目的是慰问老人 故选 B 答案 答案 B 6 The underlined word mesmerized in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to A confused B annoyed C encouraged D attracted 解析 解析 词义猜测题 根据第四段中 whether it was talking to I was completely mesmerized by every single memory the elderly wanted to share with me 可知 作者被老人的经历所吸引 故选 D 答案 答案 D 7 What may be the most important to the elderly according to the author A Staying with them B The special old days C Showing patience D Amazing experiences 解析 解析 细节理解题 根据最后一段中 If there s one thing I ve realized in my three years of visiting Cantata it s that presence just being there means more than anything to many of them 可知 本题答案为 A 答案 答案 A C 2017 新余高三模拟 导学号导学号 58210014 A man walked into a small Irish pub and ordered three beers Bartender was surprised but he served that man three beers One hour later the man ordered three beers again The very next day that man ordered three beers again and drank quietly at a table This repeated several times and shortly after the people of the town were whispering about the man who was ordering three beers at once A couple of weeks later the bartender decided to clear this out and inquired I do not want to pry but could you explain why do you order three beers all the time The man replied It seems strange isn t it You see my two brothers live abroad at the moment one in France and another in Italy We have made an agreement that every time we go to pub each of us will order extra two beers and it will help keeping up the family bond Soon all the town have heard about the man s answer and liked it a lot The man became a local celebrity Residents of the town were telling this story to newcomers or tourists and even invited them to that pub to look at Three Beer Man However one day the man came to pub and ordered only two beers not three as usual The bartender served him with bad feeling All that evening the man ordered and drank only two beers The very next day all the town was talking about this news some people pray for the soul of one of the brothers others quietly grieve When the man came to pub the next time and ordered two beers again the bartender asked him I would like to offer condolences to you due to the death of your dear brother The man considered this for a moment and then replied Oh you may be surprised that I order only two beers now Well my two brothers are alive and well It s just because of my decision I promised myself to give up drinking 语篇解读语篇解读 一位男士去酒吧喝酒 一人要三杯啤酒 其中两 杯是为他的两个兄弟要的 这是保持家庭纽带的协议 忽然有一天他 只要了两杯啤酒 引起人们的猜想 而原因不过是他戒酒了 8 The man ordered three beers all the time because A he missed his two brothers living abroad very much B this would help him become a local celebrity C people were fond of drinking beers in this pub D it was an agreement with his brothers to keep up the family bond 解析 解析 细节理解题 根据第二段最后一句 We have made an agreement that every time we go to pub each of us will order extra two beers and it will help keeping up the family bond 可知这是 一个和他的兄弟保持家庭纽带的协议 故选 D 答案 答案 D 9 We can infer from the passage that A the man s brothers liked drinking beer very much B news traveled fast in the town C the man became famous in the town because he was a heavy drinker D the man was strong minded to give up drinking 解析 解析 推理判断题 根据第三段第一句 Soon all the town have heard about the man s answer and liked it a lot 可知在这个城镇消息 传播很快 故选 B 答案 答案 B 来源来源 学优高考网学优高考网 gkstk 10 The bartender served the man with bad feeling because A the man decided to drink two beers B he thought the man should order three beers C he would earn less money D he thought one of the man s brothers had passed away 解析 解析 推理判断题 根据第四段 However one day the man came to pub and ordered only two beers not three as usual The bartender served him with bad feeling The very next day all the town was talking about this news some people pray for the soul of one of the brothers others quietly grieve 可知酒吧侍者带着坏心 情服务 是因为他认为这个男士的一个兄弟去世了 故选 D 答案 答案 D 11 The underlined word condolences in the last paragraph can be replaced by A sympathy B surprise C gratitude D appreciation 解析 解析 词义猜测题 根据最后一段中 due to the death of your dear brother 由于你亲爱的兄弟的死 可知酒吧侍者对这位男士表 示同情 故选 A 答案 答案 A D 2017 佛山一中段考 导学号导学号 58210015 Under new rules posted by the Civil Aviation 航空航空 Administration of China on Friday pilots will have to pass a level four test of Mandarin Chinese China s official language Those who speak with an accent that often impedes comprehension will not pass These rules take effect in January 2016 China s 56 ethnic groups speak more than 80 languages and dialects Even native Mandarin speakers can have trouble communicating with each other depending on the strength of their accents which can be mutually unintelligible 难理解的难理解的 One flight trainer illustrated the scope for linguistic confusion especially when common English aviation terms are used Asked if there is a problem on board a Chinese pilot might answer in the negative with the words mei you or there