2013年人教版七年级上册英语语法知识

1 七年级上册英语语法知识七年级上册英语语法知识 英语的十大词类 词类英语名称意义例词 名词Noun n 表示人或事物的名称boy pencil book 冠词Article art 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指 的人或事物 a an the 代词Pronoun pron 用来代替名词we that his what 形容词Adjective adj 用以修饰名词 表示人或事物的特征 old red fine good 数词Numeral num 表示数量或顺序one thirteen first ninth 动词Verb v 表示动作或状态look go be am is are 副词Adverb adv 修饰动词 形容词或其他副词not too here often 介词Preposition prep 表示名词 代词等和其他词的关系in on of to under 连词Conjunction conj 用来连接词与词 短语与短语 或句与句 and or but 感叹词Interjection interj 表示说话时的喜悦 惊讶等情感oh hello hi 英语句子成分 组成句子的各个部分即句子成分 句子成分包括 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语等 一 主语一 主语 subject 句子说明的人或事物 1 Bob has a soccer ball 鲍勃有一个足球 名词 2 He likes dancing 他喜欢跳舞 代词 二 谓语二 谓语 predicate 说明主语的动作 状态和特征 谓语一般是动词 1 We study English 我们学习英语 2 He is asleep 他睡着了 三 表语三 表语 predicative 表示主语 是什么 或者 怎么样 表语前面的动词称为系动词 系动词 表语 一块称为谓语 1 He is a teacher 他是个老师 名词 2 Five and five is ten 五加五等于十 数词 3 He is asleep 他睡着了 形容词 4 His father is in 他的父亲在家 副词 5 The picture is on the wall 画在墙上 介词短语 6 That sounds good 那听起来很好 7 It looks nice 看上去很好 常见的系动词有 be sound 听起来 look 看起来 feel 摸起来 smell 闻起来 taste 尝起来 吃起来 feel 感觉 四 宾语四 宾语 动作 行为的对象 1 I like China 我喜欢中国 名词 2 You can help me 你能帮助我 代词 3 How many do you need We need two 你们需要多少 我们需要两个 数词 4 I like playing soccer 我喜欢踢足球 动名词 5 I want to have an apple 我想要吃个苹果 不定式 双宾语 间接宾语 指人 和直接宾语 指物 Tom s mother buy him some books 汤姆的妈妈给他买了一些书 五 宾补五 宾补 对宾语的补充 全称为宾语补足语 We will make them happy 我们将让他们高兴 形容词 His father help him to do his homework 他的父亲帮他做家庭作业 带 to 不定式 六 定语六 定语 修饰名词或代词的词 词组或句子 1 He is a Chinese teacher 他是个语文老师 名词 2 He is our friend 他是我们的朋友 代词 3 I have three books 我有三本书 数词 4 He is a good student 他是个好学生 形容词 5 The boy in red is my brother 穿红衣服的男孩是我的弟弟 介词短语 七 状语七 状语 用来修饰动词 形容词 副词或 句子 表示行为发生的时间 地点 原因 目的 结果 程度 条件 方式等 1 I go to school at seven o clock 我在七点钟上学 2 He reads the book in the room 他在房间里看书 3 I don t like thrillers because they are scary 我不喜欢恐怖片因为它们太吓人了 13 冠词冠词 冠词是置于名词之前 冠词分为不定冠词 a an 定冠词 the 和零冠词三种 零 冠词指的是不用冠词的情况 不定冠词表示 一 定冠词表示 这个 那个 这些 哪 些 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法 1 不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式 a 用在以辅音开头的词前 an 用在以元音 开头的词前 判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头 是根据读音而不是根据字母 用于可数名词的单数形式前 表示 一 There is a tiger in the zoo 动物园里有一只老虎 an apple an orange an English boy 你还能写出一些前边用 an 的词吗 2 不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法 2 用在某些表示数量的词组中 a lot of 许多 a pair of 一双 定冠词的用法定冠词的用法 1 用于指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 Open the door please 请把门打开 2 用以复述上文提过的人或事物 第一次提到用 a 或 an 以后再次提到用 the I have a pencil the pencil is green 我有一支铅笔 这支铅笔是绿色的 3 用在序数词前 January is the first month of the year 一月份是一年当中的第一个月 4 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界 5 表示演奏乐器时 乐器的前面要加 the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴 零冠词的用法零冠词的用法 1 专有名词前一般不加冠词 Tom 汤姆 China 中国 Europe 欧洲 2 月份 周日 节日前一般不加冠词 January 一月份 Sunday 星期日 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节 National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 比较 on a Sunday morning 在一个星期天的早晨 表示某一个 3 三餐 四季前一般不加冠词 I have lunch at school 我在学校吃午餐 4 球类运动不加冠词 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球 时态概说时态概说 在英语中 不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态 要用不同的动词形式来表示 这种动词的不同 形式称为时态 I am 14 this year 今年我 14 岁 I was 13 last year 去年我 13 岁 He plays soccer every day 他每天都踢足球 He played soccer yesterday 昨天他踢足球了 英语中共有 16 种时态 常用的有 9 种 一般现在时 一般现在时表示现在的状态 如 He is 12 She is at home 表示经常的或习惯性的动作 如 I go to school at 7 30 every day 表示主语具备的性格和能力等 如 She likes apples They know English 动词的种类动词的种类 动词分为四种 连系动词 实义动词 助动词 情态动词 1 连系动词 词义不完全 要和后面的表语一块构成谓语 如 be am is are 是 sound 听起来 look 看起来 She is my sister That sounds interesting 听起来很有趣 2 实义动词 有实际意义的动词 能单独做谓语 如 see ask like I like bananas 3 助动词 本身没有词义 帮助实义动词一起构成否定句 疑问句 如 do does I don t like chicken Does he like apples 4 情态动词 本身具有一定意义 但不能单独作谓语 必须和实义动词一起构成谓语 can 能 会 must 必须 情态动词后一定要用动词原形情态动词后一定要用动词原形 I can speak English I must find it 我一定要找到它 动词动词 be 的用法的用法 be 的用法口诀 我用 am 你用 are is 连着他 她 它 单数名词用 is 复数名词全用 are 变疑问 往前提 句末问号莫丢弃 变否定 更容易 be 后 not 莫忘记 疑问否定任你变 句首大写莫迟疑 Be 动词专项练习动词专项练习 用用 am is are 填空 填空 1 I a student you a student No I not 2 The girl Jack s sister 3 The dog tall and fat 4 The man a teacher 5 your brother in the classroom 6 Where your mother She at home 7 How your father 3 8 Jane and Tom my friends 9 Where my pen 10 Where my books 11 That my red skirt 12 Who I 13 The jeans on the desk 14 Here a photo of my family 15 Here some sweaters for you 16 The black book for Su Yang 17 This pair of socks 20 dollars 18 The two cups of milk for me 19 Some tea in the glass 20 How much the skirt 21 How much the trousers 22 My sister s name Nancy 23 David and Helen from England 24 There a girl in the room 25 You he and I from China 句型转换的方法句型转换的方法 一 肯定句变否定句 1 句子中有 be 在 be 后加 not I am a student I am not a student 2 They are blue They aren t blue 3 He is Tom He isn t Tom 2 谓语是动词原形 在动词前加 don t I have a book I don t have a book 2 They like Chinese They don t like Chinese 3 We come from China We don t come from China 3 谓语动词是第三人称单数 在动词前加 doesn t 动词用原形 1 She has a basketball She doesn t have a basketball 2 Maria likes China Maria doesn t like China 3 Jane comes from the U S A Jane doesn t come from the U S A 练习 将下列句子变成否定句 1 I am a teacher I a teacher 2 We are students We students 3 Jane is a girl Jane a girl 4 They like English They like Chinese 5 I come from China I come from China 6 He likes Chinese He like Chinese 7 Maria comes from Cuba Maria come from Cuba 8 We know Maria We know Maria 二 肯定句变一般疑问句 句子中有 be 把 be 提到句首 1 I am a student Are you a student 2 They are blue Are they blue 3 He is Tom Is he Tom 2 谓语是动词原形 在句首加 do 1 I have a book Do you have a book 2 They like Chinese Do they like Chinese 3 We come from China Do you come from China 3 谓语动词是第三人称单数 在句首加 Does 动词用原形 1 She has a basketball Does she have a basketball 2 Maria likes China Does Maria like China 3 Jane comes from the U S A Does Jane come from the U S A 4 She knows Maria Does she know Maria 练习 将下列句子变成一般疑问句 1 I am a teacher a teacher 2 They are students students 3 Jane is a girl a girl 4 They like English they like English 5 I come from China you come from China 6 He likes Chinese he Chinese 7 Maria comes from America Maria from America 8 We speak Chinese you Chinese 三 一般疑问句做肯定 否定回答 1 Are you Maria 肯定回答 Yes I am 4 否定回答 No I m not 2 问句和答语的动词保持一致 1 Are you a student 肯 Yes I am 否 No I m not 2 Is he Jack 肯 否 3 Do they like Chinese 肯 否 4 Does she have a basketball 肯 否 3 问句和答语中的主语保持一致 必须用主格 1 Is Jane from the U S A 肯 Yes she is 否 No she isn t 2 Does Li Hua come from China 肯 否 3 Do Jane and Maria like China 肯 否 4 Is this a ruler 肯 否 5 Is that a desk 肯 否 6 Are these books 肯 否 7 Are those pencils 肯 否 8 Are these erasers 肯 否 9 Is that an orange 肯 否 练习 给下列句子做肯定回答或否定回答 1 Are you a student Yes No 2 Do they like English Yes No 3 Is Jane a girl Yes No 4 Does Maria like China Yes No 5 Is Jenny a student Yes No 6 Is that a girl Yes No 7 Are those telephones Yes No 8 Does Tom know Jane Yes No 9 Do they come from the U S A Yes No 10 Is this an egg Yes No 四 对划线部分提问 口诀 一选二变三问号 一选是分析句意 先选疑问词 代替划线部分 划线部分去掉 二变是把剩余部分变成一般 疑问句 疑问词作主语时除外 第三步加上问号 练习 对划线部分提问 1 The shoes are black 2 She is my teacher 3 My keys are on the sofa 4 Lily is in the classroom 5 I am fine 6 That boy is Tom 10 Her telephone number is 88828539 11 The skirt is 12 dollars 12 She is 12 years old 13 His name is Jim Green 14 My birthday is on December 24 1 My name is Nancy your name 5 2 I am from China you from 3 I am fine are you 4 Miss Wang is our English teacher is your English teacher 5 Lucy is ten years old are you 6 It is yellow is it 7 My telephone number is 5805000 your telephone number 8 They are cars are they 9 This is my cap cap is this 10 My favorite movie star is Bruce Lee is your favorite movie star 五 同义句转换 1 Please give Jane the book Please the book Jane 2 This is my book This book is 3 He has short hair is short 4 My ruler is not long My ruler is 5 This jacket is not new This jacket is 6 My English teacher is old My English teacher is not 六 单复数转换 1 将下列句子变成复数 It is a box This is a ruler That is an eraser He is a student 2 将下列句子变成单数 1 They are pencils 2 These are erasers 3 They are boys 4 They are girls 5 Those are books 6 These are desks 7 These are boxes 8 Those are cars 六 仿照例句改写下列句子 She is in the classroom 否定句 She is not in the classroom 一般疑问句 Is she in the classroom 回答 Yes she is No she isn t 1 I am a student 否定句 一般疑问句 肯 否定回答 2 This is my book 否定句 一般疑问句 肯 否定回答 3 They are on the desk 否定句 一般疑问句 肯 否定回答 4 The pen is red 否定句 一般疑问句 肯 否定回答 八 改写句子 1 Those are my books 否定句 一般疑问句 肯 否定回答 变单数 划线部分提问 2 She is my good friend 否定句 一般疑问句 肯 否定回答 变复数 6 划线部分提问 3 The pen is in the desk 否定句 一般疑问句 肯 否定回答 变复数 划线部分提问 动词动词 have has 的用法的用法 用法一 have 强调所属关系 主语常为人或物 意为 有 当主语是第三人称单数 并且只有当句子为肯定句时 动词 有 用 has 当主语不是第三人 称单数时 以及否定句和疑问句中用一律用 have 一 用 have 或 has 填空 1 She some balls 2 They a nice garden 3 Miss Li doesn t an English book 4 What does Mike 5 My father a story book 6 My parents don t any nice pictures 7 David s friends a basketball 8 David some jackets 二 仿照例句句型转换 1 We have a baseball 变一般疑问句 Do you have a baseball 肯定回答 Yes I do 否定回答 No I don t 否定句 We don t have a baseball 对划线部分提问 What do you have 2 David has a ruler 变一般疑问句 Does David have a ruler 注意 has 变成 have 肯定回答 Yes he does 否定回答 No he doesn t 否定句 David doesn t have a ruler 注意 has 变成 have 对划线部分提问 What does David have 注意 has 变成 have 练习 1 Eric has some nice photos 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 2 Her friends have many books 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 3 Our school has a library 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 4 Lucy has an orange skirt 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 用法二 Have 和 has 除了意思为 有 外 还可以表示 吃或喝 1 吃早饭 2 吃午饭 3 吃晚饭 用法三 Have 也可以和表示某种活动的名词连用 意为 举行 7 上课 8 举行生日聚会 句型转换 1 I have some fish for lunch every day 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 7 对划线部分提问 2 Lily has apples for dinner 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 三 动词 like 的用法 仿照例句句型转换 1 They like ice cream 变一般疑问句 Do they like ice cream 肯定回答 Yes they I do 否定回答 No they don t 否定句 they don t like ice cream 对划线部分提问 What do they like 2 She likes vegetables 变一般疑问句 Does she like vegetables 注意 likes 变成 like 肯定回答 Yes she does 否定回答 No she doesn t 否定句 She doesn t like vegetables 注意 likes 变成 like 对划线部分提问 What does she like 练习 1 I like strawberries 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 2 you like salad 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 3 Lily likes apples 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 4 His father likes pears 变一般疑问句 肯定回答 否定回答 否定句 对划线部分提问 句型转换专项训练句型转换专项训练 1 Her phone number is 2345167 提问 phone number 2 I am Jim Green 同义句 Jim Green 3 This is an ID card 提问 in English 4 This is Jim s card 同义句 is Jim s 5 Her family name is Green 同义句 Her is Green 6 They are Lucy and Lily 同义句 Lucy and Lily 7 My last name is Green and first name is Jim 同义句 8 He s in Class One 提问 he in 9 This is a nice flower 同义句 nice 10 That s my pencil case 变否定句 my pencil case 11 Is this your dictionary 变复数句 your 12 Are you a teacher 做肯定回答 13 Five and two is seven 提问 five and two 14 The pencil is blue 提问 the pencil 15 Lily is my friend and Lucy is my friend too 同义句 Lucy and Lily 16 This is a girl 变复数句 girls 17 These are my friends 变否定句 my friends 18 Mrs Green is Kate s mother 同义句 Kate is 19 Those are Tom s photos 变单数句 Tom s photo 20 Thank you for your photos 同义句 your photos 21 Those are Kate s pens 同义句 Kate s 8 22 She s my aunt s daughter 变复数句 my aunt s 23 That woman s Jim s aunt 提问 that woman 24 a is family this of photo David s 连词成句 25 My books are in the bag 变一般疑问句 books in the bag 26 His baseball is under the chair 变复数句 under the chair 27 Your keys are next to the door 变单数句 Your next to the door 28 The sweater is on the bed 变一般疑问句 on the bed 29 I need a hat 变否定句 I a hat 30 There are some apples on the tree 变一般疑问句 apples on the tree 31 I know your pen is black 变否定句 I your pen black 32 Are those bananas green 做肯定回答 33 Some apples are on the bed 提问 on the bed 34 We can see a bird in the tree 变一般疑问句 a bird in the tree 35 We have seven classes every day 变否定句 We seven classes every day 36 He has two basketballs 变一般疑问句 two basketballs 37 She has a brother 变复数句 a brother 38 Is there a map of China in your class 同义句 your class a map of China 39 He has a computer game 变否定句 He a computer game 40 Mary does homework at home 变一般疑问句 Mary homework at home 41 Sue has a sports collection 变一般疑问句 Sue a sports collection 42 I have seven balls 变否定句 I seven ball 43 Jim likes sports 提问 Jim 44 Lucy plays the guitar every day 提问 Lucy play the guitar 45 This game is relaxing 同义句 is game 46 Terry has eight balls 提问 balls Terry have 47 She has two eggs for breakfast 提问 she for breakfast 48 This is a strawberry 变复数句 49 Mother has French