图画书画面分析.docx

图画书画面分析作者:lazynanma 2009-04-28 12:47 星期二 晴图画书画面分析 FRANK SEREFINI教授走近一本图画书：1，拿起一本图画书，研究它的大小、版式（横版或竖版）、制书应用的材料（纸张、制图）。2，考量文字作者和画家。插画运用了什么媒介？选用的什么字体？文字在页面的位置？留白，等。3，研究封面、题目和绘画。你在走近图画书时设想了什么期望值？封面、题目和绘画暗示了什么？4，前勒口包括什么内容？献词、标题页、作者的话、内容简介，等等。5，翻阅该书，快速阅读以了解故事的发展。书的整体构架如何？主题-发挥-主题？重复的构架或语言？渐进？典型故事再现？周而复始，或按一定时间顺序，或其它？再次有目的性的阅读该书，对你将要仔细研究的地方做出编号或标识。第二次阅读结束后，思考如下问题：1，你对文字和插画的最初反应是什么？2，文字的整体构架是怎样的？3，故事的开始与故事的结尾，两者相比较，如何？4，插画与文字的结合如何？5，文字驱使读者向前阅读，画面又让人放慢速度。这种阅读文字与欣赏画面之间的张力，如何影响着你的阅读体验？6，作者和绘者留下了什么样的缺口来让读者填补？什么细节被特意布下以产生张力。7，页与页之间故事是如何进展的？是否有边缘区来进行分隔，还是页间的语言和画面是跨越相叉的？8，单独思考故事的开局。什么样的情感含义会出现在脑海里？9，阅读这个故事文字，拥有什么样的背景知识会更有利？10，形式与内容之间是否有什么关联？书的设计是否对内容的表现起到了补充作用？如何体现？11，阅读时会得到怎样的主题？分析图画书的视觉画面和设计1，从研究画面的格式和他们在图画书中的位置开始。2，文字是在什么位置？在画面里？还是用边缘区或留白来分隔开？为什么？3，插画是双跨页，还是单页画面，抽象式的，还是重叠式的，或是肖像画像？4，研究图画书里的一系列画面。书的进程中影像是否有改变？他们是变大，变小，或别的变化？选择特定的画面来思考如下问题：1，前景显著位置和背景都有什么？2，想一想你看到画面时，眼睛的行进“路线”。上来第一下抓住你注意的是什么？为什么它会突出？3，画面的主要颜色是什么？做为读者你认为它对你有什么影响？4，想一想留白的运用。画面是在框内的，还是出血的（囡妈注：版式术语，表明画面冲破留白处）？作为读者你觉得此设计如何？5，“真实性”或者说抽象的程度如何？形象是栩栩如生还是木头人式的？6，画面是否有反复出现的模式？7，是否有不规则的元素？比如突出的，或者与众不同的东西？是否很重要，值得思考？8，通过线条、颜色、对比、姿态、灯光，画家试图让你看到什么？9，画面中是否有重复出现的象征物或主题？10，研究设计或艺术方面的选材？是否合适，并对图画书的意义起补充作用？11，画面是如何被围框的？是厚边，还是渐消式的？12，研究故事的大环境。在图画中是如何实现的？是现实式的？还是比喻式的？13，研究尺寸与比例。什么比较大？为什么有些特定的元素要更大些？是增添了力量和控制的意义吗？14，研究读者的视角。角色是直接与读者注视或对话吗？角色是近距离还是远距离的？与角色的联系是如何从视角的角度建立的？分析一本图画书的更深入思考个人反馈：阅读图画书时涉及到的观感、共鸣和疑虑。你想起了什么？文字和画面引起了什么样的共鸣？读书时获得了什么样的想象、感觉和启示？艺术技巧/媒介：运用了什么媒介？图画是如何支持文字和故事的意义？研究在艺术画面中运用的设计元素（线，形状，空间，颜色）。书是横向或纵向版式，并是否很重要？文字/语言：分析文字中运用的诗化或文学手法（象：暗喻，比喻、头韵，象征）。作者写这个故事描绘了什么？其中是否有可寻的规律，重复的短语，可预见的结构？文字和视觉画面的相互影响：运用对称、强调、对立或对位等方法，分析文字和插画间的关系。作者/绘者：查找一些作者和绘者的生平资料。网上有不少采访和资料。社会-文化背景：这个故事和你认识的世界有何关联？什么样的假想是不容质疑的？是否有特权型的或边缘型的人物角色？是否涉及了尖锐的社会问题（种族、性别、阶级）。Dr. Frank Serafini的资料请参看：Picture Book - Image AnalysisDr. Frank SerafiniApproaching a Picture Book: * Pick up the picturebook, attending to the size, format (horizontal or vertical), materials used in construction of book (papers, graphics). * Consider the author of the text and the artist. What media is used in the illustrations? What fonts are selected? Where is the text located on the page? Borders etc. * Look at the cover, title and illustrations. What expectations are set up for you as you approach the picture book? What does the cover, title and illustrations suggest? * What is included in the peritext? The dedication, title page, authors note, summary statement etc. * Skim through the book, reading quickly to see where the story goes. What is the overall structure of the book? Home-Away-Home ? Repetitive structures or language? Cumulative? The Hero Cycle? Circular, chronological, or other? Read through the picture book more deliberately, coding / marking important aspects you want to consider. After your second reading, consider the following questions: * What were your initial reactions to the text and illustrations? * What is the overall structure of the text? * How does the opening of the story compare with the closing of the story? * How do the illustrations relate to the text? * Words propel the reader forward and images slow us down. How did this tension between reading and viewing affect your experience? * What kind of gaps does the author / illustrator leave for the reader to fill in? Are details purposefully left out to create tension? * How does the story flow from page to page? Are there borders that separate things or does it cross over in language and image from page to page? * Consider each opening separately. What emotional connotations came to mind? * Whose background knowledge is privileged in reading this text? * Is there a relationship between form and content? Does the design of the book add to the content being presented? How? * What themes were constructed as you read? Analyzing Visual Images and Design in Picturebooks * Begin by considering the format of the images and their placement in the picturebook * Where is the text located? Within the image? Separated by borders or white space, Why? * Are the illustrations double page spreads, single page images, collages, overlapping images, or portraits? * Consider the series of images in the picturebook. Do the images change over the course of the book? Do they get bigger, smaller, change? * Select particular images to consider. Ask the following: o What is fore-grounded and in the background? o Consider the “path” your eyes follow as you approach the image. What catches your eye first? Why is that element salient? o What colors dominate the image? What effect does this have on you as reader? o Consider the use of white (negative) space. Are the illustrations framed or full bleed? How does this position you as a viewer? o What is the “reality value” or level of abstraction? Are the images life-like or stick figures? o Are there any recurring patterns in the images? o Are there any anomalous elements? Things that stick out, or seem out of place? Are these important to consider? o What is the artist trying to get you to look at through leading lines, colors, contrast, gestures, lighting? o Are there any recurring symbols or motifs in the images? o Consider the style or artistic choices? Are the appropriate, and how do they add to the meanings of the picturebook? o How are the images framed? Are there thick borders or faded edges? o Consider the setting of the story. How is this realized in the images? Realistically? Metaphorically? o Consider size and scale. What is large? Why are certain elements larger than others? Does this add to meanings of power, control? o Consider the viewers point of view. Do characters directly gaze or address the viewer? Are the characters close up or distanced? How does point of view add to relationships with the characters? Further Considerations for Analyzing a Picture Book Personal Response: Involves the impressions / connections / wonderings that you have as you read the picture book. What were you reminded of? What connections did you make with the text or illustrations? What images, feelings, and ideas were brought forward during the reading? Artistic Technique / Media: What media was used? How do the illustrations support the text and the meaning of the story? Consider the elements of design (line, shape, space, color) incorporated in the artwork. Is the book a horizontal or vertical layout and is this important? Refer to the worksheet provided in class. Text / Language: Examine the poetic or literary devices used in the text (ie. metaphor, imagery, alliteration, symbolism). What does the author draw upon to write this story? Are there patterns, repeating phrases, predictable structures? Interplay of Textual and Visual Images: Analyze the relationships between the text and the illustrations using t