湖北省2012高考英语二轮复习专题训练：阅读理解（86）

用心 爱心 专心1 湖北省湖北省 20122012 高考英语二轮复习专题训练 阅读理解 高考英语二轮复习专题训练 阅读理解 8686 阅读下列短文 从每题所给的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出最佳选项 A Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full time job The two people willingly act as part time workers enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full time worker If they each work half the job for example they each receive 50 percent of the job s wages its holidays and its other benefits Job sharing differs from conventional part time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people Job sharing by contrast is not designed to address unemployment problems its focus rather is to provide well paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities As would be expected most job sharers are women A survey carried out in 2010 by Britain s Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78 per cent of sharers were female the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age Subsequent studies have come up with similar results Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children but they chose not to seek part time work because it would have meant lower status Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full time work after a long absence The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one position jobs However to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed each person needs to know the strengths weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position Moreover there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones In sum for a position to be job shared well the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals 1 In what way is work sharing different from job sharing A Work sharing requires more working hours B Work sharing is aimed at creating more jobs C Work sharing provides a more satisfactory salary D Work sharing depends on the employer s decision 2 According to Paragraph 4 young mothers preferred job sharing to conventional part time work mainly because A they sought higher social status B they were over ideal working ages C they had difficulty finding full time jobs 用心 爱心 专心2 D they had to take care of both work and family 3 In job sharing the partners should A enjoy equal social status B have similar work experience C keep in touch with each other D know each other very well 4 The main purpose of the passage is to A recommend job sharing to women B discuss how to provide more jobs C describe job sharing in general D compare job sharing with work sharing B For a time Americans were turning in their new cars at a breakneck pace Cheap financing good deals and a powerful economy meant that we could account for the tendency to keep a car for less time and only see a modest increase in our monthly payment if any increase at all Those days are apparently over at least for the short term R L Polk which collects and measures data in the automotive industry says that we re now keeping our cars longer than we ever have According to Polk s study of registration data Americans are keeping new cars for an average 63 9 moths five and a quarter years up 4 5 months from the same period in 2009 In truth there s not much need to turn a car in on any kind of schedule By following proper maintenance it s relatively simple to squeeze a decade or 150 000 miles out of a new car with no major issues In 2006 the sticker price on a Silverado was 32 000 but thanks to a model changeover for 2007 and a timely purchase in October when dealers were trying to move any remaining inventory 库存 Whelan purchased the truck for 22 700 At five years of age with 75 000 miles showing on the meter he has no I intention of turning it in at any point in the near future My goal is to run it to 160 000 miles and evaluate my options from there he says So we turn cars in not because we need to but because we want to Call it the Four year Itch We get bored of the same old car in the driveway every morning Our eyes wander whenever we see a car ad It may be till death do us part with our wife or husband and significant others but when I comes to cars we re shamelessly unfaithful Whelan figures he s put the average of about two payments a year into regular improvements meant to keep the truck fresh I ve found that making a modification here and there keeps me happy That and the thought of having a payment again with big tax bills and another sales tax payment has been enough to contain my urges he says The truck s five years old now and I have a couple of scratches but I think I prefer that now rather than having to worry about getting scratches in a new truck 5 There was a time when Americans landed to A sell their cars at a frightening speed B make a high monthly payment on cars C shorten the period of use of their cars 用心 爱心 专心3 D receive a larger income than nowadays 6 According to Polk s study in general a car A can last 10 years if used carefully B should be replaced as soon as possible C must be run for less time by Americans D can be used for only 63 9 months 7 Whelan won t consider buying a new truck until A his wife divorces him or passes away B he gets bored of driving it every day C a fantastic model is placed on a car ad D the expected miles of driving is reached 8 The author employs the example of Whelan to show A weak economy results in decreasing expense B resisting new car purchases can pay off C saving money is better than saving face D some people prefer old things than new ones C Commuters 远途上下班的人 who drive to work will face a parking charge of up to 350 a year Ministers are backing a workfare parking charge which will come into force in Nottingham in 2013 and is likely to be adopted across the country The scheme will see firms with more than ten parking places for staff charged 350 a year for each space in two years Employers would be free to pass on the charge to their staff meaning it would effectively be a tax on driving to work The scheme aims to reduce traffic by preventing unnecessary car journeys and raise funds to improve public transport but cities say it is just an excuse for councils to fill their coffers 保险柜 Some ten million Britons drive to work each day and the British Chambers of Commerce says the new charge could total 3 4 billion a year if rolled out nationwide Already some firms in Nottingham have threatened to leave the city where 40 000 commuters use their cars to get to work A spokesman said the scheme was nothing more than a tax on jobs It is very unfair to discriminate against shoes employers who have parking spaces which get vehicles off the streets he said And these charges apply around the clock which is especially unfair on shift workers who rely on their cars because public transport is not available This is more about increasing the government s income than reducing traffic However Transport Minister Khan gave the plan an official approval during a visit to Nottingham The council says the tax will raise as much as 100 million over ten years one fifth of the cost of a new transport system for the city Another transport spokesman Therese Villiers said the tax would have a 用心 爱心 专心4 devastating impact on businesses struggling to cope with the economic decline But Richard Hebditch of the Campaign for Better Transport said the tax would raise money to invest in better transport We put forward the idea of workplace parking taxes as a fairer way to raise money to invest in the future of local transport services We are pleased that the people of Nottingharn will be the first to benefit 9 Supporters argue that the scheme A can help improve the parking conditions for the staff B should be applied to all commuters driving to work C is certain to be carried out despite the objections D will relieve traffic pressure and improve public transport 10 According to the objectors the scheme is unfair for A the firms with parking lots B the workforce without cars C the employees parking their cars on the streets D the staff driving to work in the daytime 11 Which word can best describe Theresa Villiers attitude towards the scheme A Doubtful B Negative C Understanding D Positive 12 It can be inferred from the passage that A many firms are willing to pay the charges for their staff B the public transport in Nottingham is in great need of improvement C the author believes Britons will benefit from the scheme D those firms with more commuters will leave Nottingham D I met Bobby four years ago in Brazil He wanted me to help him get into the central part of the rainforest where the tourists don t go so I gave him a few of my contacts and we kept in touch He made a fortune before the age of 40 and now he spends his time wandering on the planet looking for projects to supports where concrete baby steps matter and can make a very big difference He s funding the reconstruction of a temple in Bhutan setting up teacher training programs for Afghan refugees assisting the people of Rwands in rebuilding their justice system and running micro enterprise programs in South Africa Nepal and Rwand Our practical chartering 慈善家 upends the rest of the day in Nepal photographing children in the village and leaching Jake my son some of his secrets He has a breathtaking series of portraits of children in Afghanistan in refugee 难民 camps in Pakistan and Rwanda and of Palestinian refugees in camps in Lebanon I watch him at work sitting just outside a group of youngsters he begins a lively conversation with a bright yellow duck He whispers to it to be quiet and well behaved the duck nods but then begins to attack Bobby who only just manages to control his tiny creature The children begin to stare at the strange sight of this big man and his naughty duck bursting into laughter when 用心 爱心 专心5 the duck gets the better of him They move closer and the duck starts to tease the children Some of them run away laughing while others get closer A young man attempts to give Bobby a can of some soft drink saying something in Nepalese Pema what s this kid saying Why s he trying to give me this can Pema talks to the boy who is about 12 He says you saved his grandmother s life last year Mr Bobby She needed an operation in Katmandu and you put her in the helicopter He says the family wants to thank you and this is all they have to give you The big guy from Boston is suddenly quiet and clearly touched by the gesture My two lasting memories of this extraordinary and complex man will be of him chasing the village kids like a fool and the next reduced almost to tears by this simple gift 13 Bobby went into the rainforest because A he wished to become wealthyB he wanted to protect wildlife C he was fond of taking picturesD he was crazy about tourism 14 The underlined part gets the better of him in the third paragraph means A gains an advantage over BobbyB eats nice food from Bobby C gives in to BobbyD is brought under Bobby s control 15 It can be inferred from the passage that Pema is A the authorB Bobby s sonC a doctorD a loyal guide 16 What s the purpose of this passage A To describe Bobby s complex character B To reflect the importance of presents C To praise Bobby s acts of kindness D To indicate charity work is based on wealth E Till 2010 only two countries in the advanced world provided no guarantee for paid leave from work to care for a newborn child Last spring one of the two Australia gave up that dubious distinction by establishing paid family leave starting in 2011 I wasn t surprised when this didn t make the news here in the United States we re now the only wealthy country without such a policy The United States does have one explicit family policy the Family and Medical Leave Act passed in 1933 It entitles workers to as much as 12 weeks unpaid leave for care of a newborn or dealing with a family medical problem Despite the modesty of the benefit the Chamber of Commerce and other business groups fought it bitterly describing it as government run personnel management and a dangerous precedent In fact every step of the way as 用心 爱心 专心6 Democratic leaders have tried to introduce work family balance measures into the law business groups have been strongly opposed As Yale law professor Anne A1stott argues justifying parental support depends on defining the family as a social good that in some sense society must pay for In her book No Exit What Parents Owe Their Children and What Society Owes Parents she argues that parents are burdened in many ways in their lives there is no exit when it comes to children Society expects and needs parents to provide their children with continuity of care meaning the intensive intimate care that human beings need to develop their intellectual emotional and moral capabilities And society expects and needs parents to persist in their role for 18 years or longer if needed While most parents do this out of love there are public penalties for not providing care What parents do in other words is of deep concern to the state for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society The state recognizes this in the large body of family laws that govern children s welfare yet parents receive little help in meeting the life changing obligations society imposes To classify parenting as a personal choice for which there is on collective responsibility is not merely to ignore the social benefits of good parenting really it is to steal those be