2013届高考英语一轮复习综合训练集 单元的知识点总结新人教版必修5

用心 爱心 专心 1 20132013 届高考英语一轮总复习人教版新课标必修五一单元的知识点总结届高考英语一轮总复习人教版新课标必修五一单元的知识点总结 单词讲解 1 characteristic n 特征 特性 搭配 be characeristic of sb sth 是某人或某物的特征 a that she never complained 从来不发牢骚是她的特性 b All great leaders share 所有伟大的领导者都具有某些共同的特质 Keys It s characteristic of her certain characteristics 2 put forward 提出 建议 推荐提出 put forward 表示建议 计划等的名词 come up with 例句 Who put forward a theory about black holes 是谁提出了黑洞的理论 put forward a suggestion put forward a piece of advice put forward a plan 运用 Are you serious in 你真的要提出这种观点吗 putting forward such a view put away 抛弃 舍弃 put down 写下来 记入名单 put on 穿上 戴上 增加 put off 耽误 延期 put out 熄灭 灯 扑灭 火 put up 建立 建造 put up with 忍受 3 conclude vt 使接触到 揭露 揭发 expose sth 显露或露出某事物 expose sth sb oneself to sth 显露或暴露 人 某事物 自己 exposed adj 指地方 无遮蔽的 不遮挡风雨的 be exposed to 暴露于 运用 根据汉语意思完成英语句子 Those who were exposed expose to bird flu were separated and treated without delay Stay at home and don t expose your skin to the sun 8 This was the most deadly disease of its day die v dead adj death n deadly adj 1 dangerous likely to cause death 危险的 致命的 a deadly disease weapon 2 highly effective against sth or someone 强有力的 致命的 a deadly remark 击中 要害的评论 3 aiming to kill or destroy 意在杀死的 不共戴天的 a deadly enemy 不共戴 天的敌人 adv 1 Very 极度 非常 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 2 like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白 9 cure vt 矫正某人的不良行为 3 The medicine should cure you of your cold 这药应该能治好你的感冒 4 Parents try to cure their children of bad habits 父母想办法纠正孩子们的坏习惯 10 challenge n 挑战 vt 向 挑战 面临挑战 face a challenge challenge sb to do sth 向某人挑战做某事 激励某人做某事 Mr Wang challenged me to play another tennis game 11 absorb vt 吸收 吸引 聚精会神 使专心 合并 搭配 be absorbed in sth doing sth 全神贯注于某事 be absorbed into 被吸入 并入 1 A sponge absorbs water 海绵吸水 2 These small companies have been gradually absorbed into the big company 这 些小公司渐渐被那大公司吞并了 3 The writer is absorbed in his writing 这位作家在全神贯注地写作 用心 爱心 专心 3 12 suspect vt 认为 怀疑 n 被怀疑者 嫌疑犯 e g Some people suspected that he cheated in the exam The policeman suspected Mr Smith to have killed his wife I suspect her of lying The police arrested two suspects suspect sb to have done sth 怀疑某人做了某事 suspect sb of doing sth suspect 表示 有存在或属实的想法 相信 即怀疑其有 doubt 表示 无把握 不相信 即怀疑其无 The policeman suspected Mr Smith to have killed his wife I doubt whether if he will come 13 blame vt 责备 谴责 be to blame for 应该为 受责备 The driver is not to blame for the accident blame sb for sth doing sth 因某事责备某人 He blamed you for the neglect of duty blame sth on sb 把某事怪在某人头上 The boss blamed the mistake on me It was the boy who for the fight with his brother A was to blame B was blaming C was to be blamed D blamed 14 handle C 柄 把手 e g the handle of the door the cup 门 杯子的把手 vt 对待 处理 e g I didn t know how to handle these people 我不知道如何对付这些人 15 link A to B 把 A 与 B 连接 联系 e g Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime 指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实 翻译 这条铁路把西藏和内地 the inland area 连起来了 This railway links Tibet to the inland areas be linked to 和 有联系 16 announce vt 宣布 发布 e g The host announced that she would sing another song 主持人宣布说她将再唱一 首歌 The vote was completed The chairman announced the result to the audience 投票 完毕 主席宣布了结果 announce sth to sb 向某人宣布 announcement n 宣布 发布 announcer n 播音员 17 instruct vt 指导 指示 命令 搭配与拓展 instruct sb to do sth 指示某人做某事 instruct sb in sth 在某方面指导某人 instruction n 指导 pl 说明书 instructor 辅导员 讲师 用心 爱心 专心 4 instructive adj 说明性的 指示性的 有教育意义的 1 The doctor instructed me to stay in bed 医生吩咐我卧床休息 2 The old workers instruct us not only in words but deeds 那些老工人对我们不仅言传而且身教 3 The water companies were also instructed not to expose people to polluted water anymore 自来水公司也接到指令 不能再让人们接触到污染的水 18 construct vt 建造 修建 创立 学说等 构造 相关词语 under construction 正在建设中 construction n 建造 设 建筑物 句法结构 constructive adj 建设性的 运用 1 They are constructing a new reservoir 他们正在建造一座水库 A new reservoir is under construction 19 contribute vt 贡献 捐献 投稿 搭配 contribute to 把 捐献 投稿 至 make a contribution to 对 做出贡献 运用 1 The writer personally contributed 5 000 to the earthquake fund 那位作家亲自捐赠了 5000 英镑给地震基金会 2 He offered to contribute to the Red Cross 他主动向红十字会捐款 3 She had contributed to a newspaper 她向一家报纸投稿 4 Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health 多呼吸新鲜空气有益于健康 5 He made a very positive contribution to the overall success of the project 他对项目的全面成功做出了非常积极的贡献 20 apart from 除 之外 此外 eg 1 Apart from sports my other interest outside class is music 除了运动外 我 课外其他的兴趣是音乐 2 Apart from some spelling mistakes the composition is fairly good 除了有 些拼写错误外 这篇作文还很不错 注意 1 apart from 兼有 除外 和 包 的双重意义 2 以下单词或短语意义相近 except except for 排除或例外 besides in addition to as well as 包括在 内 21 make sense 有道理 讲得通 有意义 合乎情理 搭配 make sense of 理解 明白 in a some sense 在某一方面 就某种意义来说 common sense 常识 理 in no sense 决不是 决非 1 The sentence doesn t seem to make sense 这个句子好像一点也讲不通 2 It would make sense to leave early 早点离开是明智的 22 valuable 1 adj worth a lot of money 值钱的 贵重的 有价值的 a valuable 用心 爱心 专心 5 diamond 贵重的宝石 valuable information 重 大的消息 2 n 常用复数形式 sth that worth lots of money 贵重物品 Mary kept her valuables in a safe 玛丽把她的贵重的东西藏在保险箱里 23 discover 抬起 提升 3 steam engine 蒸汽机 4 physical characteristic 人体的特征 5 put forward a theory about black holes 提出一个有关黑洞的理论 6 infectious disease 传染性的疾病 7 in scientific research 在科学研究上 8 examine a new scientific idea 验证一个新的科学思想 9 draw a conclusion 得出结论 10 analyse the results 分析结果 11 a well known doctor 一个著名的医生 12 ordinary people 百姓 普通人 13 expose to sth 暴露 在 中 14 the most deadly disease 最致命的疾病 15 terrified people 被吓坏的人们 16 get interested in sth doing sth 对 产生兴趣 17 absorb sth into 把 吸收入 18 gather the information 收集信息 19 determine to do sth 决心干某事 20 a valuable clue 一条珍贵的线索 21 the water pump 水泵 用心 爱心 专心 6 22 in addition to 除 之外还有 23 link to 将 和 联系起来 be linked to 24 have it delivered have sth done 叫某人送东西 25 die of 死于 26 announce with certainty 肯定地宣布 27 polluted water 被污染的水 28 prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事 29 deal with 处理 30 solve the problem 解决难题 Expressions 此外 except for prepare for 预备好 be strict with sb 对某人严格要求 a revolutionary theory 一个革命性的理论 lead to 通向 导致 注意 to 为介词 make sense 有意义 10 at times sometimes 有时候 11 contribute to sth 有助于 促进 12 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 13 point of view 观点 14 living conditions 居住条件 15 break in into pieces 把 摔成碎块 16 be devoted to sth sb 专致于 关心 挚爱 17 devote one s life to doing sth 献身于 18 curved line 曲线 19 achieve great success 取得巨大的成功 Language Points 1 Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities 是谁发 明了把电带给大城市中的每个人的办法 the way of doing sth the way to do 做 的方法 She showed us the way of cleaning it She showed us the way to clean it 她给我 们示范清洗它的办法 the way 引导的定语从句的引导词有三种 可以用 that 可以用 in which 还可以省略 I don t like the way that in which you speak to your father 我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式 与 way 相关的短语 by the way 顺便说 by way of 通过 的方法 lose one s way 迷路 no way 俚语 没门 别想 feel one s way 摸黑走 谨慎从事 on one s way to 在去 的路上 in this way by this means with this method 用这种方法 2 But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语 表示被动 意为 患霍乱的 如 The book written by 用心 爱心 专心 7 Luxun is very popular 3 So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak 每 次爆发霍乱时就有大批惊慌的老百姓病死 every time 是连词 引导时间状语从句 意为 每次 每当 如 Every time I meet him I always think of the things happened between us 每次见到他 我就想起发生在我们之间 的事情 immediately the moment directly instantly 等都可以作连词 引导时间状语从句 意 为 一 就 如 I will give the letter to him immediately I see him 我一见到他就把这封信给他 I came directly I got your letter 我一接到你的信就来了 every time 意为 每当 引导一个时间状语 从句 相当于 whenever 1 名词词组作连词用 引导时间状语从句的有 every time each time any time the last time next time the first time the moment the second the minute the hour the day 等 2 有些副词 如 directly instantly immediately 也可引导状语从句 即学即用 1 我每次感冒背就痛 2 我第一次爬到墙上去时 感到很紧张 3 她一看到蛇就叫了起来 4 钟刚敲了五下我就离开了 Every time I catch a cold I have pains in my back The first time I climbed onto the wall I felt very nervous She let out a cry the moment she saw the snake I left immediately the clock struck 5 4 The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air without reason 第一种看 法是霍乱病毒在空气中无缘无故地繁殖着 suggest 的用法及使用错点 错点一 误用不定式作宾语 要表示汉语的 建议做某事 英语通常用 suggest doing sth 而不能用 suggest to do sth 他建议坐飞机去 正 He suggested going by plane 误 He suggested to go by plane 汤姆建议把房子卖了 正 Tom suggested selling the house 正 Tom suggested to sell the house 错点二 误接不定式的复合结构作宾语 汉语通常说 建议某人做某事 但英语习惯上不能说 suggest sb to do sth 而说 suggest sb s sb doing sth 他建议我们早点动身 正 He suggested that we leave earlier 误 He suggested us to leave earlier 当然 我们也可以用后接 that 从句的形式来表达此意思 注意谓语用 should 动词 用心 爱心 专心 8 原形 这样的虚拟语气形式 如 I suggest that we should have lunch right now 我建议我们现在就吃午饭 He suggests that we should all go to see the film 他建议我们都去看电影 比较以下同义表达 他建议他们在没有听到事实真相之前什么都别说 正 He suggested saying nothing about it till they heard the facts 正 He suggested that they shouldn t say anything till they heard the facts 5 in addition adv as well as 另外 In addition the course also produces practical experience 此外 这门功课还提供 了实践的基础 A number of people came to the zoo in addition to Per and Paul 彼得和保尔以外 还有许多别的人来到动物园 错点三 混用其后宾语从句的语气 suggest 后接宾语从句时 从谓语既可用陈述语气 也可用虚拟语气 其区别与 suggest 所表示的意思有关 1 若 suggest 表示 建议 则其后接的 that 从句谓语通常用 should 动词原形 这样的虚拟语气形式 I suggested that she should go home 我建议她回家去 2 若 suggest 表示 暗示 意指 表明 等义 则其后接的 that 从句要用陈述语气 如 What he said suggested that he was a cheat 他说的话表明他是个骗子 错点四 其后误接双宾语 要表示向某人提出某情况 suggest 后不能接双宾语 即不能用 suggest sb sth 而通 常用 suggest sth to sb 如 我向她提出一个解决问题的办法 正 I suggested a way out to her 误 I suggested her a way out 若其中的直接宾语比较复杂 比如是 that 从句 时 可考虑改用 suggest to sb sth 如 我向他建议我们应该用另一种方式处理这个问题 正 I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way 误 I suggested him that we should tackle the problem another way 过去分词做表语 定语 一 动词 ing 形式作表语 1 表示主语的内容 可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the classroom as clean as possible Keeping the classroom as clean as possible is her job 2 表示主语具有的特征 性质和状态 动词 ing 相当一个形容词 The story is quite interesting This book is very boring 常用来作表语的现在分词有 astonishing amusing boring confusing disappointing encouraging exciting inspiring moving tiring interesting surprising 等 用心 爱心 专心 9 二 动词 ing 形式作定语 1 单个的动词 ing 形式可以作前置定语 一般具有两种含义 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能 a reading room a room for reading 在意思上接近一个定语从句 可以表示正在进行的动作 也可表示经常性动作或当时的 状态 an ordinary looking house 看起来很普通的房子 a house that looks ordinary a sleeping boy 正在睡觉的男孩 a boy who is sleeping 2 作定语的动词 ing 形式如是一个短语 则应放在被修饰词的后面 做后置定语 相当于一 个定语从句 Do you know the boy playing basketball who is playing basketball 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗 The past participle as attribute 过去分词短语作定语 常放在被修饰 词的后面 一 过去分词作定语 1 及物动词的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义 eg a used stamp an injured finger 注意 过去分词作定语时 有时只有被动意义 e g spoken English 英语口语 written exercises 书面练习 少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义 fallen leaves 落叶 the risen sun 升起来的太阳 a returned student 一名留学生 terrified astonished people reserved seats polluted water a crowded room a broken vase a closed door the tired audience 用心 爱心 专心 10 a retired teacher 一名退休教师 an escaped prisoner 一名逃跑的囚犯 2 过去分词作后置定语 表示被动和 或完成意义 e g The books written by Lu Xun are popular 鲁迅写的书很受欢迎 We ll go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥 Practice Change the following Past Participle into clauses 1 The question discussed was very important The question which had been discussed was very important 注 本句中的过去分词作定语 既表被动又表完成 2 The United States is a developed country The United Stated is a country which has developed 注 本句中的过去分词作定语 只表示完成 The Olympic Games in 776 B C did not include women players until 1912 A first played B to be first played C first playing D to be first playing 过去分词做定语 表被动 表完成 现在分词作定语 表主动 表进行 不定式作定语 表示将要发生的动作 Falling leaves Fallen leaves Disappointing news Disappointed people Exciting story Excited people Tired people I m tired Tiring film 二 过去分词作表语 1 过去分词作表语 表示主语的特点或所处的状态 其前的系动词有包括 be 在内的多种形 式 e g Everyone present is very inspired at his speech 听了他的发言 在场的所有人都很振奋 You seem frightened 你似乎受了惊吓 系动词 be become get go grow turn keep remain stay feel look appear seem smell sound taste prove 2 过去分词作表语 构成的系表结构与被