高考英语第一阶段复习.doc

高考第一阶段复习的指 导 思 想 及 具 体 内 容第一部分：对高考复习总体安排的思考一.对高考试题的总体认识1.同旧教学大纲相比较，新课标的变化和发展。2.从各地高考试题的变化看新课标、课改和高考改革之间的关系。3.高考命题的发展趋势。二.学生英语能力构成因素的分析1.词汇能力的问题2.灵活运用基础语法的能力。 And there is a growing need for new writers trained to create the $3billion worth of childrens books bought each yearplus stories and articles needed by over 650 publishers of magazines for children and teenagers. (2009年北京卷，阅读理解B篇） Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the rulesplanning your next move.acting as a team memberthese are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating . Many childrens games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting. Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play itsome for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. 3. 逻辑思维的水平。 4. 应对高考题型的能力三.高三英语复习的总体安排1.第一阶段的复习目标和任务。 第一阶段复习的目标十分明确：抓实词汇和基础语法两大基本功，为下一阶段成绩的腾飞夯实基础。同时兼顾听力训练。 第一阶段的任务如下： 1）利用一切机会解决词汇的问题。 2）抓好基础语法的复习 3）每周用适当的时间兼顾听力训练。2.第二阶段的目标和任务题型复习 1）将第一阶段的复习成果应用到各种题型中去，使之得到巩固。 2）让学生全面了解高考各个题型的特点、意图、要求及解题的思路和技巧。 3）提高学生的解题速度和正确率。3.第三阶段的目标和任务。 1）高考全模拟式的综合训练，以解决考试时间、考试心理、答题策略等一系列问题，全面提高学生的应考能力。 2）查漏补缺，彻底解决前两个阶段暴露出来的问题。第二部分：关于词汇复习的有关问题一.对词汇问题的基本认识。二.新课标增加词汇量带来的困难及其对策 1.词汇问题在高考试题中的应用 1）各地的单选试题中，考查各类实词和短语的词义辨析的试题已成为近年的趋势。 The workers_ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed (2010年全国新课标卷）2）完形填空通篇都是考查词汇问题。 3）阅读理解试题更是以词汇为基础。 Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠). Its too bad that humans cant hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did. Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end. In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radios The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb. When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention. In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch” It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors. According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas. Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesnt help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warrens theory，it is really the opposite of what we need. （2010年湖北卷，阅读理解E 篇）2. 新课标所增加的词汇给教学带来的困难。3.解决词汇问题的策略三.“一词多义”在高考试题中的应用及其对策。高考试题举例：单选试题中的一词多义问题：The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only _ beaten. A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly （2007年天津卷单选试题）完形填空中的“一词多义”：1）I remember how happy I was when I saw the tray stand near the table. （2008 海南、宁夏、全国卷 完形填空）2）In secret, she practiced Portias part, memorizing the lines by repeating them over and over.3）Tempers of both the tourists and the waiters had risen to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment.（2006海南、宁夏、全国II 完形填空）4）I left Fredas house that day, wondering about the nature of my relationship with my clients. （2006辽宁卷 完形填空）5）Several days later I received another postcard, this one delivering about Mabels cousin. （ 2006年全国卷II, 完形填空）阅读理解中的“一词多义”： 1）But Wilkins and Franklins relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick.（2009 浙江卷， 阅读理解B） 2）Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writers signature. The absence of a signature tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.（2009年江西卷，阅读理解D篇）2. 适时归纳常见的“一词多义”的范例： 腾出、让出 动词 剩余 spare 多余的 形容词 业余的 备用的兴趣 interest 名胜 利益、利息 遇见、遇到 （迎）接 meet 应付、对付 满足四. 构词法知识在高考试题中的应用及其对策1.高考试题中构词法知识的应用： 1）According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠）at midnight is not a disorder. (2010湖北卷，阅读理解E篇） 2）He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writer he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees so strongly that it reshapes his own world. (2010年四川卷。阅读理解A篇） 3）Nowadays, the socialization of the child in the United States is a two-way transaction(事务）between parent and child rather than a one-way. (2008年福建卷， 完形填空）4）People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pets or valuable “collectables” (2009 湖北卷，阅读理解B)5）It is possible that one good thing to arise from downturn will be a generation thats financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty. (2009山东卷，阅读理解D)2.在教学中择机归纳构词法知识 1）socialization, modernization, globalization 2) independence, existence, independent, existent 3) international, interpersonal, internet, intercity, interstate 4) encourage, endanger, enlarge, ensure 5) socialist, specialist, biologist, violinist 6) container, recorder, washer, vacuum cleaner五. 介词在高考试题中的应用及其对策。1.介词在高考试题中的应用高考试题中的介词 against：1）Against the flow of the new words, many Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language. (2003全国高考试题 .阅读理解D)2) She rested herself against a post close to the track.(2009.宁夏、海南、全国卷I; 阅读理解D)高考试题中的介词 over1) An unusual story of human effect over the centuries, Fermats Last Theorem will delight specialists and readers alike（2003高考试题； 阅读理解C篇）2）Weeks passed and the excitement over the coming Christmas grew into restlessness until the last day of school before the holiday break. (2009年山东卷；完形填空）3）We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out.(2009年全国卷II; 完形填空）4）Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time. (2009宁夏、海南、全国卷I; 阅读理解C篇)高考试题中的其他介词 ：1）During the trip, you can rest on the deck, enjoying yourself in the games rooms and in evening dance to our musical team. (2009年宁夏、海南、全国卷II; 阅读理解D篇)2）He had realized that the word: “One of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine Aragon, the first Henry VIIIs six wives. (2003全国高考试题 ；阅读理解D)3）The next day Jenna went to see Mrs. Biden about being on the school newspaper. (2008年天津卷， 完形填空）4）Upon its ringing everyone would run for their coats and go home. (2009年山东卷； 完形填空）2.择机归纳常用介词的用法 和一起 用 with 伴随，随着 带有、具有 因为表示目的为了 表示原因因为 赞成、同意 for 对.来说 表示动作持续的时间 交换 表示不定式的逻辑主语在上（接触） 确指某一天 表示露天的地点 on 关于 是 的成员 靠、凭借 在 中（动作或状态在进行中）反对 对抗、抵抗 against 倚着，靠着 对照、对比 碰着、撞着（strike her head against the wall)第三部分：语法复习的指导思想及具体内容一.语法复习的指导思想和原则。 1.充分认识语法知识教学和复习的意义。 2.语法复习不是平时教学内容的简单重复，复习的任务是把平时所学的知识条理化、系统化，并以高考的难度为标准，进行适当的拓宽和加深，使学生对这些知识的认识得到升华。只有这样，学生才能在语言实践中自觉地将所学的语法知识转化成能力。3. 从复习的效率出发，语法知识的复习应以演绎的方法为主，而以归纳的方法为辅。 4.要重视语法概念的树立。 5.要注意提供给学生的语法知识体系的合理性。 （易于理解、化难为易、力戒繁琐） 6.要有意识地把语法知识的复习同考点挂钩，有意识地重点抓好语篇中应用频率较高的语法内容。 二.语法复习的具体内容及教学示范1.句子成分的复习： 1）句子的基本成分：主语、谓语、宾语 教学重点：宾语概念的树立：谓语动作的对象或内容。 复习句子基本成分的实际意义： 语态概念的树立和理解语态是表达主语、谓语和宾语相互关系的动词形式。2）句子的修饰成分 定语和状语 复习重点： 概念的树立 定语的位置：单独一个词作定语，置于其所修饰的名词之前，位置和汉语相同；用各类短语和从句作定语，置于其所修饰的名词之后，位置同汉语相反。 a boy with thick glasses (介词短语） a soldier riding on a horse （现在分词短语） a river polluted badly （过去分词短语） a meeting to attend （不定式短语） a basket full of vegetables （形容词短语）状语的种类： 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语 条件状语 方式状语 程度状语 结果状语 目的状语 让步状语3)不同于汉语的句子成分标语、宾语补足语 教学重点： 基本概念的树立 表语的作用及其同宾语的区别；对主语的描述或说明。表语同句子的主语发生语言逻辑关系。 系动词的种类宾语和宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系： 宾语和宾语补足语之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系。 make our country rich and strong ask him to turn off the light 同汉语比较： 老师让 他 关灯 对宾补的识别a) make, have, let do sb. doing see, hear, notice, watch doneb) ask, tell, want, allow sb. to do order, forcec) think, find sb. / sth. adj.2.定语从句及名词性从句的复习要点1）定语从句的教学重点。 关系代词和关系副词的语法作用：代表先行词的意思。 在定语从句中充当句子成分。2）在高考试题中定语从句的考点关系代词which和that的区别关系代词和关系副词的区别课堂经典练习(关系代词和关系副词的区别）练习一：1) We will never forget the days _ we spent together.2) We will never forget the days _ we played football together.练习二：1) Do you still remember the place _ you father used to live.2) Do you still remember the place _ we visited last years.练习三：1) I dont believe the reason _ he was late.2) I dont believe the reason _ he gave us.where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别Youd better not leave the medicine _kids can get at it. (2008年， 山东卷） A. even if B. which C. where （地点状语从句） D. so that that引起的同位语从句同定语从句的区别News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. that (同位语从句） C. as D. where as 引起的定语从句_ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B. After C. As D. Since (2005.浙江卷）定语从句同what引起的名词性从句的区别_ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (2008.福建卷） A. It B. What C. As D. Which _was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (2008年，山东卷） A. It B. This C. What D. As定语从句和强调句的区别It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where (2008年 天津卷）It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008年 全国卷II) A. that B. how C. which D. when3.时态和语态复习专题1）关于时态的专题：有关进行时的问题 a)进行时的两种不同的概念及应用 b)用进行时的形式表示将来的概念 c)进行时同always连用一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I_ here. A. was B. am going C. came D. have been-You can find the answer to this physics problem on Page 88.-Oh, it is so simple that I wonder why I _ of that. A. didnt think B. havent thought C. hadnt thought D. dont thinkHis eye shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he _. A. had long been expected B. had long expected C. has long expected D. was long expected将来时的多种动词形式 a) will (shall) + 动词原形 b) be going to + 动词原形 c) be (about) to + 动词原形 d) will be doing e) 用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。注意近年高考试题对will be doing的考查-Guess what, weve got our visas for a short visit to the UK this summer- How nice! You _ a different culture then. (2010福建） A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experienced D. will have experiencedDaniels family _ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. (2009.安徽） A. are enjoying （延续性动词） B. are to enjoy（立即、命令） C. will enjoy（主观意愿） D. will be enjoying （纯粹将来） 完成进行时的有关问题。When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain （2011全国课标卷） Tom_ in the library every night over the last three months. (2011. 北京卷） A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been workinga)完成进行时同段时间的进行时的区别 虽然两种时态汉语都可以译为“一直”，但完成进行时强调的是“动作的持续”；表示段时间的进行时强调的是“一直干此事，没干别的”。We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked 因为有时间状语“for four hours”，因此没有可能考虑选项A。命题思路完全和上例2011年全国课标卷相同。b) 现在完成进行时同现在完成时的区别 现在完成时也可以表示“过去的动作延续到现在，并且可能继续下去”的概念： I have lived in Beijing since I graduated from the university. He has worked in this school for 30 years. 但这种用法只限于live, work, study 等极少数典型的延续性动词，大多数动词都必须用现在完成进行时表达这类概念。另外，现在完成时侧重强调“过去的动作对现在产生的效果或影响”。 下列试题意在考查这两个时态的区别：-Why Jack, you look so tired!-Well, I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. （2010年 江苏卷） A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting 语态的复习： a)语态的概念及确定被动语态的基本思路看主语和谓语的关系： b) 不同时态的被动语态的动词形式 c) “先语态，后时态”的答题原则4.动词的非谓语形式之一分词 1）知识体系 非谓语概念的树立 时态 谓语动词 语态 语气 主谓一致 动词 不定式 非谓语动词 分词 动名词2）分词的语法功能：相当于形容词或副词的语法作用，在句子中充当定语、表语、宾补、状语。3）教学重点现在分词同过去分词的区别主动关系现在分词 被动关系过去分词 a) 作定语：看分词同他所修饰的名词之间的关系。 b) 作宾补：看分词同宾语之间的关系 C) 作状语：看分词同句子主语的关系作表语时现在分词和过去分词的辨别 a)现在分词表示主语的特征；过去分词表示主语的状态。 The news is encouraging. The door remained locked. b) 如果表语是surprise, excite, frighten, interest 一类词，简单的办法是看主语： 主语是 “人”过去分词 主语是“事、物”现在分词4)有关分词的高考试题分析分词作非限定性定语时的逻辑主语问题More highways have been built in China, _ it much easy for pe