奶牛的繁殖障碍

奶牛繁殖障碍Reproductive Failure in the Dairy Cow,Prepared by:Dr. Terry Hunt BSc. DVM MRCVS韩 特 博 士Dairy Herd Health SpecialistChina Canada Animal Health Initiative,引起奶牛繁殖障碍的几个因素Contributing Factors to Reproductive Failure,奶牛营养 Nutrition产后感染Post-partum infections传染性疾病Contagious Disease乏情Anestrus/Cyclic Irregularities久配不孕Repeat Breeders冻精质量低下Poor Semen Quality or Storage,Body Condition Score (BCS),营养Nutrition,干奶期Dry period干奶期营养好坏影响下一个泌乳期的产量高低What happens now affects how the cow performs during the next lactation体膘膘度评分（BCS）应达到3.75 BCS should increase to 3.75泌乳期Lactation能量(1 kg 精料/3 kg牛奶) Energy (1 kg of concentrate/3 kg milk)磷PPhosphorus微量元素Trace minerals,营养性疾病Nutritional Disease,产后瘫痪Milk Fever临床性Clinical隐性Sub-clinical真胃移位Left Displaced Abomasum消化不良Digestive upsets酸中毒Acidosis酮病Ketosis原发性Primary继发性Secondary,产后感染Post-Partum Infections,难产Dystocia胎衣不下Retained Placenta子宫炎Metritis子宫脓Pyometra,难产Dystocia,难产第一或第二阶段延长或缺少 Dystocia 1st or 2nd stages of parturition are prolonged or absent第一阶段 正常情况下6小时Stage1 normal under 6 hrs奶牛烦燥不安Cow is restless子宫开始开张Cervix beginning to dilate,难产Dystocia,第二阶段 正常情况下2小时Stage 2 normal under 2 hours产犊Delivery of calf第三阶段 正常情况下8小时Stage 3 normal under 8 hrs排出胎衣Expulsion of fetal membranes,难产（续） Dystocia,如果第一或第二阶段延长则需要进行检查Indication to examine is if Stage 1 or 2 is prolonged阴户清洗消毒Clean and disinfect perineum带上手套Wear plastic sleeves使用润滑剂Use lots of lubrication确定姿势及是否还活着Determine presentation, position and viability of fetus采取措施进行校正Take steps to correct situation,胎衣不下/子宫炎Retained Placenta/Metritis,产后18 小时胎衣仍然不下Placenta remained for at least 18 hours post calving胎衣不下但不发生子宫炎RP with no Metritis稍微处理一下Minimal treatment胎衣不下并发生子宫炎RP with Metritis冲洗并注射抗生素Infuse and systemic antibiotics 胎衣不下但并发生脓毒性子宫炎RP with Metritis and SepticemiaLavage uterus, systemic antibiotics, fluids and anti inflammatory drugs,子宫脓Pyometra,没有怀孕征状No positive signs of pregnancy子宫脓液积累Accumulation of pus in the uterus奶牛没有其它疾病Cow is not sick持久黄体Persistent corpus luteum注射PG Treat with prostaglandin injection30天以后再配种Wait 30 days for breeding,乏情原因Causes of Anestrus,没有发情Lack of Estrus 怀孕Pregnancy发情观察不准 Poor heat detectionon rectal exam, functional structures on ovary子宫脓 Pyometra vaginal discharge, fluid in uterus and corpus luteum on ovary注射PG Treat prostaglandin,乏情原因Causes of Anestrus,胎儿木乃伊 Fetal Mummification cow fails to calve and on rectal palpation, feel bones and no fluid注射PG Treat prostaglandin异性双胞母犊的性缺陷 Freemartin heifer twin to a bull黄体囊肿 Luteal cysts on rectal exam, single enlarged structure on ovary 注射PG Treat with prostaglandin,乏情原因（续） Causes of Anestrus,卵泡囊肿 Follicular cyston rectal exam, thin walled and may be multiple促性腺释放激素 Treat GnRH followed by Prostaglandin in 9 days真乏情True anestruson rectal exam, no functional ovarian structures奶牛营养不良Malnutrition - BCS热应激Heat stressChronic disease feet, Johnes Disease,久配不孕Repeat Breeders,连续配种三次以上而没有怀孕Bred during 3 or more successive heats without Pregnancy 非感染因素引起的Non-Infectious发情观察不准/人工授精时间不当Heat detection/Timing of AI,久配不孕Repeat Breeders,人工授精技术差Poor AI technique奶牛营养不良Malnutrition热应激Heat stress卵泡囊肿Follicular cysts,久配不孕（续） Repeat Breeders,传染性Infectious卵巢疾病Ovarobursal Disease输卵管炎Salpingitis子宫内膜炎Endometritis inflammation of lining of uterus注射PG后的30天内禁止交配Treat Prostaglandin and sexually rest for 30 days,传染性流产Infectious Abortion,弯曲杆菌病Campylobacteriosis阴道滴虫病Trichomoniasis布氏杆菌病Brucellosis钩端螺旋体Leptospirosis牛传染性鼻气管炎IBR牛病毒性腹泻BVD原虫性流产Neospora,繁殖性能低下可能由许多因素引起的Poor Reproductive Performance can be caused by a combination of many factors,营养不良Poo