高考语法填空考点总结

1 语法填空语法填空 考点分析 时态 八大时态 谓语动词 语态 主动语态 被动语态 现在分词 过去分词 动 词 非谓语动 词 不定式 形容词与副词的比较级或最高级 词性转换 名词 动词 形容词 副词 提 示 词 形 式 词义转换 派生词 冠词 a an the 介词 in on at behind for with from 人称代词 主格 宾格 物主代词 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 反身代词 指示代词 this that these those 不定代词 some other another both 代 词 疑问代词 名词性从句 定语从句 从属连词 状语从句 连 词 并列连词 but however so and 纯 空 格 形 式 固定短语或句型 有提示词的解题技巧有提示词的解题技巧 一 谓语动词 若句子没有别的谓语动词 或者虽然已有谓语动词 但需填的动词与之是并列关系时 所给动词就是谓语动词 若是谓语动词 就要考虑时态和语态 1 His fear of failure keep him from classroom games that other children played excitedly kept 2 That was definitely not an attractive idea so I politely declined her invitation close my book and walked away closed 3 Three people take to a hospital while others were treated at a local clinic were taken 4 She told him that she bring him the water in ten minutes would bring 二 非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词 又不是并列谓语时 所给动词就是非谓语动词 若是非谓语动 词就要确定用现在分词 过去分词 还是不定式 非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与 其逻辑主语之间的关系 技巧一 作主语或宾语 通常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情况 用不定式表示具 体的情况 2 1 But it is not enough only memorize rules from a grammar book 解析 因 it 是形式主语 后面用不定式作真正的主语 故填 to memorize 2 speak out your feeling won t make you feel ashamed 解析 句中已有谓语 won t make 所以 speak 应为非谓语动词 谓语前面应为主语 作主语 表示一般情况 要用动名词短语 故填 Speaking 技巧二 作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语 一般用不定式 1 complete the project as planned we ll have to work two more hours a day 解析 因句中已有谓语 will have to work 所以 complete 应为非谓语动词 因 为了 按计划完成这项工程 是 我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时 的目的 作目的状语 用动词不定式 故填 To complete 2 Some people say that oldest children who are smart and strong willed are very likely succeed 解析 因在形容词 likely 后作状语 要用动词不定式 故填 to succeed 技巧三 作伴随状语 常用分词 与逻辑主语是主动关系 用现在分词 与逻辑主语 是被动关系 用过去分词 这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号 1 He saw the stone say to himself The night will be very dark 解析 句中已有谓语 saw 所给动词与 saw 不是并列关系 应当是非谓语动词 又因 He 与 say 是主动关系 故填 saying 作伴随状语 2 The headmaster went into the lab follow by the foreign guests 解析 句中已有谓语 went 而 follow 又不是与之并列的 故为非谓语动词 又因 the headmaster 与 follow 是被动关系 故用过去分词作伴随状语 3 There will be a meeting start later this year to review the film 解析 因 a meeting 与 start 是主动关系 用现在分词短语作定语 补充说明 a meeting 故填 starting 4 Lessons learn in sports can help us in our dealing with other people 解析 因句中已有谓语 can help 所以 learn 应为非谓语动词 又因 lesson 与 learn 是 被动关系 要用过去分词短语作定语 故填 learned 特别提醒 有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词 而是要求词类转换 如 But Jane knew from past experience that her choose of ties hardly ever pleased her father 解析 括号中所给词 choose 虽然是动词 但在句中作主语 且在形容词性物主代词后 应当填 choose 的名词形式 choice 谓语动词与非谓语动词的比较练习 1 He entered the room hold a book in his hand holding He entered the room and hold a book in his hand held 3 2 I politely refused her invitation and walk away walked I politely refused her invitation walk away walking 3 A boy call Jack came here today called A boy who call Jack came here today was called 4 We enjoy the movie direct by a famous artist directed We enjoy the movie which direct by a famous artist was directed 5 When I hear the news I was excited heard When hear the news I was excited hearing 6 Unless I invite I won t attend the party was invited Unless invite I won t attend the party invited 3 给出的提示词是形容词或副词 当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词 且根据句义空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词 则 可能填该词的比较级或最高级 1 He is one of the great man that I have ever known greatest 2 luck than other students in her class she was admitted to Beijing University Luckier 3 When he sees other students good than him he usually think that they have higher IQ better 4 At first we wanted to fly because it would be fast and would save us more time faster 5 The big and most powerful animal in the forest was the bear biggest 6 The young angel was very angry and blame the older angel younger 解题技巧 1 若两者之间比较 或者有 than 就用比较级 2 不出现 than 即省略了 than 比较对象 这种隐含式比较级 要注意语境理解 3 注意 less least 原级 这样的降级比较 4 若是多者之间比较 或者有 in of 等介词短语表示比较范围 要用最高级 5 比较级前可用 a bit a little 表示稍稍 一点 用 much a lot 表示 得多 even 表示 更加 6 as as 之间用原级 7 最高级前要有 the 1 The other frog went on jumping as hard as he could He jumped even hard and nearly made himself out harder 2 The strong we become the more modest we should be stronger 3 Of the two coats I d choose the cheap one to spare some money for a book cheaper 4 You are driving too fast Can you drive a bit slow slower 5 This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses little water and electricity than older models less 6 The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted good if it had been put in the fridge for a little while better 4 3 词性转换 根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式 作表语 定语或补语 通常用形容词 如 The youngster immediately fell silence as tears flew down from his big blue eyes 解析 因在系动词 felt 后作表语 用形容词 故填 silent In a danger part of the sea they lost their way 解析 在冠词与名词之间 要用形容词 作定语 故填 dangerous Teachers must try their best to make most of their students interest in the subject 解析 因所填词在句中作宾语 most of their students 的补足语 用形容词 表示 感兴 趣 填 interested 作主语 或在及物动词或介词后作宾语 用名词 When China s ancient scientific and technological achieve are mentioned the nation will generally refer to the Four Great Inventions 解析 在时间状语从句中 要求填的词作主语 China s ancient scientific and technological 是主语的定语 作主语要用名词 又由 are 可知 主语是复数 故填 achievements These people have made great contribute to China with their work 解析 在句中作及物动词 have made 的宾语 要用名词形式 表示作贡献 其前面没 有不定冠词时 习惯上用复数 故填 contributions 在形容词性物主代词后 或者在 冠词 形容词 后 用名词 如 Their happy is based on money 解析 在形容词性物代词 their 后应当用名词 故填 happiness The operate of the system is very difficult 解析 在冠词后 要用名词 故填 operation 修饰动词 形容词 副词 或整个句子 作状语 用副词形式 如 As I looked close at this girl I found that she wasn t ugly at all 解析 修饰动词 looked 作状语 用副词 故填 closely There must be something serious wrong with our society 解析 要求填的词修饰形容词 wrong 作状语 用副词 故填 seriously Singles are flocking to the Internet main because their busy lifestyles leave them little time 解析 修饰 because 引导的原因状语从句 修饰整个句子 作状语 用副词 故填 mainly fortunate only two students can pass the final exam 解析 修饰整个句子 作状语 用副词 且根据句意可知 要表达 不幸的是 故填 Unfortunately 派生词 有可能是词义转换题 词类或词性不一定要变 主要是考查具有与词根意 义相反的派生词 需要句子意思及前后逻辑关系 需要在词前加前缀 un im dis 等 或在该词后加后缀 less People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is no knowledge is use 5 解析 作表语要用形容词 又由句意可知 作者是表达 没有什么知识是无用的 故 填 useless Your mistake caused a lot of necessary work in the office 解析 在名词前作定语 仍用形容词形式 但根据句意 错误引起了许多不必要的麻 烦事 故填 unnecessary im possible im polite un happy un healthy un kind care less home less use less dis like What would you do if you failed Many people may choose to give up 1 the surest way to success is to keep your direction and stick 2 your goal On your way to success you 3 keep your direction It is just like a lamp guiding you in darkness and 4 help you overcome obstacles on your way 5 you will easily get lost or hesitate to go ahead Direction means objectives You can get nowhere 6 an objective in life You can try to write your objective on paper and make some plans to achieve 7 Only in this way 8 you know how to arrange your time and to spend your time 9 proper And you should also have a belief 10 you are sure to succeed as long as you keep your direction all the time 解析 本文告诉我们 要想成功 最可靠的方法就是坚持你的方向和目标 1 However 与前句是转折关系 空格前后都有标点 用副词 however 2 to stick to 意为 坚持 3 must 由语境揣摸出作者的语气 句意为 在通往成功的路上 你必须坚 持你的方向 4 helping 与 guiding 并列 一起补充说明 a lamp 故用现在分词 5 Otherwise 由本句与前句的逻辑关系可知 要填表示 否则 的 otherwise 6 without 句意 人生如果没有目标 你将一事无成 7 it it 指代 your objective 8 will can 句意 只有这样 你才会知道 9 properly 修饰动词 spend 作状语用副词 10 that 引导同位语从句 从句中不缺句子成分 且意义完整 故填 that 6 语法填空 纯空格的解题技巧 一 冠词 一 不定冠词 a an 的用法 表示泛指 泛指任何的 不限定的 或首次提到的人或事物 Long long a ago there was little girl who lived with seven little man a 表示 每一 相当于 every oneWe study eight hours day a a 和 an 的区别 a 用于辅音开头的单词前 an 用于元音开头的单词前 There is u in the word use As we all know hour is equal to 60 minutes 二 定冠词 the 的用法 1 特指上文已提到过的人或事 物 There is a pen here pen is mine 2 用于带后置定语的名词前 表示特定的人或事物 The water in bottle is clean 1表特指 3 特指说话双方都知道或能体 会到的人或事物 Please turn on radio 1 用于形容词前表示一类人 rich and poor should be treated equal 2 用于分词前表示一类人The doctor is taking care of injured and dying the dying 垂危的人 2表类指 3 与单数可数名词连用表类别 horse is a useful animal 3表独指用于世上独一无二的事物名词 前 earth turns around sun 1 用于乐器名称前He began to play violin at the age of six 2 表示 一家人 或 夫妇 Greens 格林一家 格林夫妇 3 用于序数词 形容词和副词 的比较级和最高级前 Of the two coats I prefer cheaper one 4 用于由普通名词构成的专有 名词前 United States People s Republic of China 5 用于江河 海洋 山脉等名 词前 Himalaya Mountains Yellow River Taiwan Island 6 用于方位名词前in east west north south 4惯用法 7 用于世纪的某个年代in 1990 s 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 冠词练习 7 1 He talked to us in unusual way an 2 I sat next to the man and introduce myself We had amazing conversation an 3 One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him Well answered stranger are you still willing to take a chance the 4 John there is Mr Wilson on the phone for you A 5 A young man while traveling through a desert came across a spring of clear water water was sweet The 二 介词 介词包括表时间 方位 方式的介词 on in at with by through 等 如果名词 代词前是空格 且该名词或代词不是作主语 宾语 或表语 而更多是作状语时 很 可能填介词 另外 含有介词的固定搭配要积累 1 I didn t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn t like leaving him his own either on on one e own by oneself 独自地 靠自己地 2 The young man went home a happy heart with 3 He was very tired doing this for a whole day but he felt very happy from after 4 If you still haven t got a motto please choose one because a motto can have a great influence you on 5 The machine works itself by 6 It s unbelievable that John fell off the truck being hurt without 7 Rose was wild with joy the result of the exam as 8 As soon as he entered the room he took his cap and sat down off 9 The number of the employees has grown from 1000 to 1200 This means that it has risen 20 percent by 三 代词 代词的种类繁多 包括人称代词 物主代词 疑问代词 反身代词和指示代词等 其中近年来对代词 it 在句中指代事物 作形式主语或形式宾语的用法较常见 如果 句子缺少主语或宾语 那一定是填名词或代词 名词一般都是词性变换 所以没给 出提示词的 一般都是填代词 1 Scientists in the future will certainly find other ways to make life last longer will find cures for more diseases 缺人称代词 且作主格 填 They 2 As a teenager Tom spent summers working as a lifeguard Forty years later became the oldest president 缺人称代词 且作主格 填 he 3 I am disappointed that you lied to me Jack I am angry not with but with myself Dad said 缺人称代词 且作宾格 填 you 4 Tom is a kind hearted man so you can ask for help 缺人称代词 且作宾语 填 him 5 The boy had misunderstood the doctor He thought that he was going to give his sister all blood 缺形容词性物主代词 填 his 6 Here is my dictionary Maybe is on the table If you still can t find it you may 8 ask your mother for help 缺主语 且没有提示词 所以根据句意 缺名词性物主代词 填 yours 7 Could I borrow you pen Yes help 缺反身代词 填 yourself 8 By playing games they can not only acquire knowledge but also cultivate their abilities to get along with Others 9 Of the two foreign guests one is from London is from New York The other 10 He asked his teacher Sir the water was awful Why did you pretend to like it 11 She remembered how difficult was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father 12 I think necessary that we drink plenty of water everyday it 四 连词 如果两个句子 即两个主谓结构 之间没有分号或句号 也没有关联词连接或引导 则填并列连词或从属连词 并列连词 包括表转折 but while however or otherwise 并列 and 因果 because so 等连词 从属连词 包括 that who which where when as 等 1 He answered all my questions we talked for over an hour and 2 I patiently walked to the library took my seat took a deep breath to help relax myself and 3 I thought we would be late for the concert we ended up getting there ahead of time but 4 You have failed two tests You d better start working harder you won t pass the course or 5 I d like to study law at university my cousin prefers geography while 6 They wanted to charge 5 000 for the car we managed to bring the price down but 7 People from black country are very friendly their local dialect is difficult to understand However 五 固定搭配或句型 1 根据强调句结构 It is was 被强调部分 that who 句子剩下部分 判断空格处填 it 还是 that was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldn t eat meat It It was in the park Jack met your sister yesterday that 2 如果句子结构完整 空格后是谓语动词且谓语动词原形 而且上下文时态和谓语形 式不是很一致时 则考虑以下两种情况 1 填表示强调的助动词 However an awful accident happen yesterday did 9 As we all know Mary practice speaking English every day does 2 以 only 状语 从句 位于句首 句子要部分倒装句 即把 be 动词 助动词提到主语 的前面 Only then I realize that I was wrong did Only in this way you able to do it well are I was always told that the three Ps patience positive thinking and perseverance were a sure path 1 success But this advice does not always work as planned My high school maths exam is one example The exam 2 was originally to be held in our classroom 3 change to the library at the last minute This 4 didn t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject I patiently walked to the library took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 5 But my mood changed quickly I saw the first question I had no idea how to do it I tried to stay positive 7 I finally found the solution With the problem 8 solve I felt proud of my achievement 9 fortunate I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left 10 complete the rest 1 to 2 which 3 was changed 4 however 5 myself 6 when as 22 until 8 solved 9 Unfortunately 10 to complete More than 2000 years ago there lived a young man in the Shouling area of the State of Yan 1 lack self confidence he was 2 a loss as to how to behave all the time 3 the days went by he 4 feel that his walking gestures were too clumsy and awkward One day he met some people on the road who were chatting and laughing 5 of them said that people in Handan walked 6 grace And that was just 7 he was most concerned about so he went to Handan 8 was far away to learn how to walk As soon as he arrived in Handan he learned from the children there how to walk 9 he thought that the children s walking gestures were lively He learned from the old people there how to walk because he thought the old people s walking gestures were steady He learned from the women there how to walk because he thought the women s waving walking gestures were beautiful That being the case with him in less than half 10 month he even forgot how to walk As he had already used up his traveling expenses he had to crawl 1 Lacking 因 he 与 lack 是主动关系 故用现在分词短语作状语 表示原因 2 at 固定短语 at a loss 茫然 不知如何是好 as to 至于 关于 3 As 引导时间状语从句 表示 随着 4 felt 由上下文可知 用一般过去时 5 One 指其中之一 用故 one of them 6 gracefully 修饰动词作状语 用副词 gracefully 7 what 引导表语从句并在从句中作 about 的宾语 故用连接代词 what 8 which 引导非限定性定语从句并在从句中作主语 只能用 which 9 because 10 a 搭配 half a month 半个月 10 A young man while traveling through a desert came across a spring of clear water 31 water was sweet He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to elder 32 had been his teacher After a four day journey the young man 33 present the water to the old man His teacher took a deep drink smiled 34 warm and thanked his student very much for the sweet water The young man went home 35 a happy heart After the student left the teacher let 36 student taste the water He spit it out 37 say it was awful Apparently it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container He asked his teacher Sir the water was awful Why did you pretend to like 38 The teacher replied You tasted the water I tasted the gift The water was simply the container for