高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解能力练习21.doc

广西平乐县2017高考英语一轮阅读理解能力练习阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Youre sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, youre yawning with him, though youre not tired. This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly without words. Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critchley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how were feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的) responses,” he explained. “There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expressions. When were in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, theres the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.”Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronise and when we like the other person, we even copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how youre sittingits pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe its our way of telling each other that were partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”So, what lessons can we learn from this? “Spend time with happy peopleotherwise your health could suffer,” said Critchley. “When were sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when were happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”1. According to Hugo Critchley, .A. emotions are as visible as facial expressionsB. we yawn more frequently when we have a coldC. emotions are connected with states of internal responsesD. the change of blood pressure is not linked with the change of emotions2. The underlined word “synchronise” in Paragraph 4 means “”.A. move slowlyB. change rapidlyC. relax temporarilyD. respond accordingly3. From the passage we can learn.A. sadness is as contagious as happinessB. anger is less contagious than friendlinessC. surprise is more contagious than smileD. surprise is the most contagious among emotions4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. Emotions have delicate influence on fellow humans.B. Children like copying the actions of fellow humans.C. Scientists are still confused about contagious yawning.D. People tend to communicate more with body language.【参考答案】14、CDBA黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习新闻报道类A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists( 悲观者)who expected their future to be worse. The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003. Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions. The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period. “We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future. “Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote. Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability. The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes. However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.【小题1】According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction? AOptimistic adults.BMiddle-aged adults.CAdults in poor health.DAdults of lower income.【小题2】Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people _. Ato fully enjoy their present lifeBto estimate their contribution accuratelyCto take measures against potential risksDto value health more highly than wealth【小题3】How do people of higher income see their future? AThey will earn less money.BThey will become pessimistic.CThey will suffer mental illness.DThey will have less time to enjoy life.【小题4】What is the clear conclusion of the study? APessimism guarantees chances of survival.BGood financial condition leads to good health.CMedical treatment determines health outcomes.DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。【四川省绵阳市2014高考英语一模试题】An early invention by Albert Einstein has been rebuilt by scientists at Oxford University. They are trying to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity.We all know that modern fridges cause damage to the environment. They work by using a kind of man-made greenhouse gas called Freon (氟里昂), which is far more damaging than carbon dioxide.Now Malcolm McCulloch, an electrical engineer at Oxford, is leading a three-year project to develop appliances that can be used in places without electricity.His team has completed a prototype (样机) of a fridge patented in 1930 by Einstein. It used only pressurized gases to keep things cold. The design was partly used in the first refrigerators, but the technology was dropped when more efficient compressors (压缩机) became popular in the 1950s. That meant a switch to using Freon.Einsteins idea uses butane (丁烷) and water and takes advantage of the fact that liquids boil at lower temperatures, when the air pressure around them is lower.If you go to the top of Mount Qomolangma, water boils at a much lower temperature than it does when youre at sea level and thats because the pressure is much lower up there, said McCulloch.At one side is the evaporator (蒸发器), a bottle that contains liquid butane. If you introduce a new vapor above the butane, the liquid boiling temperature decreases and, as it boils off, it takes energy from the surroundings to do so, says McCulloch. Thats what makes it cold.The gas fridges based on Einsteins design were replaced by Freon-compressor fridges partly because Einsteins design was not very efficient. But McCulloch thinks that by changing the design and replacing the types of gases used it will be possible to quadruple (翻两番) the efficiency.However, McCullochs fridge is still in its early stages. Its very much a prototype, he said. Give us another month and well have it working.72According to the passage, an early invention by Albert Einstein _.Ahas been rediscovered because it costs much less and works more efficientlyBis being redesigned because it could be used in places without electricityChas just been found to be energy-saving and environmentally friendlyDwill be fully made use of and become the fridge of the future73Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AFreon was used in fridges long before the 1950s.BFreon is what makes current fridges big polluters.CMcCulloch thinks he could improve Einsteins design by using other types of vapors.DThe fridge Malcolm McCulloch and his team designed will be put into production soon.74We can learn from the text that the prototype completed _.Achanged the air pressure around itBwas tested on the top of Mount EverestCincreased the liquid boiling temperatureDused only pressurized gases to keep things cold75McCullochs words in Paragraph 6 _.Aserve as an explanation for the principle behind Einsteins fridgeBgive you the reason why Einsteins fridge was not efficientCtell you how to take advantage of low air pressureDshow you how Einsteins fridge works【参考答案】7275、BBDA黑龙江省大庆市喇中2016高考英语阅读练习新闻报道类Theyre WILD animalsBy Ernst-Ulrich FranzenMarch 11, 2010(3) CommentsThe story about the woman who lost some fingers while feeding a bear at a zoo in Manitowoc, after she ignored warnings and barriers(栅栏), reminded me of the story I heard about a couple who put their baby on the back of a wild horse in South Dakota to get a really cute picture. We all do silly things at times no one is immune but treating wild animals as lovely pets has to fall into a special category. Teddy bears and Disney movies arent actually representative of real bears. Comments (3) View Comments 3 Comments Post a Comment 1. TosaLeft - Mar 11, 2010 10:46AM Dont you think that maybe, just maybe some alcohol was involved? 2. tk421 - Mar 11, 2010 11:09 AM It was already approved that alcohol was involved. Stories that begin with a drunk person saying “Hey, I got an idea, watch this!” rarely end well