英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

1 英语划分句子成分英语划分句子成分 一 句子成分的定义 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分 句子成分有主要成分和次 要成分 主要成分有主语和谓语 次要成分有表语 宾语 定语 状语 补足语和同位 语 二 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体 一般位于句首 但在 there be 结构 疑问 句 当主语不疑问词时 和倒装句中 主语位于谓语 助动词或情态动词后面 主语可 由名词 代词 数词 不定式 动名词 名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示 例如 During the 1990s American country music has become more and more popular 名词 We often speak English in class 代词 One third of the students in this class are girls 数词 To swim in the river is a great pleasure 不定式 Smoking does harm to the health 动名 词 The rich should help the poor 名词化的形容词 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided 主语从句 It is necessary to master a foreign language it 作形式主语 真正的主语为后面的不定式 三 谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态 动词在句中作谓语 一般 放在主语之后 谓语的构成如下 1 简单谓语 由一个动词或动词短语构成 如 He practices running every morning 2 复合谓语 1 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成 如 You may keep the book for two weeks He has caught a bad cold 2 由系动词加表语构成 如 We are students 2 四 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份 特征和状态 它一般位于系动词 如 以肯定 的语气叙述主语状态时 要用系动词 be 表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时 系 动词用 look feel sound taste smell 表示主语状态变化时 系动词用 become get grow come turn 若跟名词不加冠词 fall asleep ill silent 等 后面大多数接形容词作表语 但 become turn 亦可接名词作表语等 表示主语的持续时 系动词用 remain stay keep continue 从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时 系动词用 appear to be 常用于书 面 seem to be 1 其后要求接形容词 而不是副词作表语 要特别注意的是有些动 词既可以作系动词 又可作实意动词的用法 遇到这种情况时 只能先根据其意思判断 清楚到底是前者还是后者 然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择 2 这类词不 用进行时 3 系动词无被动式 表语一般由名词 代词 形容词 分词 数词 不定式 动名词 介词短语 副词及表 语从句表示 例如 Our teacher of English is an American 名词 Is it yours 代词 The weather has turned cold 形容词 The speech is exciting 分词 Three times seven is twenty one 数词 His job is to teach English 不定式 His hobby 爱好 is playing football 动名词 The machine must be out of order 介词短语 Time is up The class is over 副词 The truth is that he has never been abroad 表语从句 五 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者 一般位于及物动词和介词后面 例如 They went to see an exhibition 展览 yesterday 名词 The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time 代词 How many dictionaries do you have I have five 数词 They helped the old with their housework yesterday He pretended not to see me 不定式短 3 语 I enjoy listening to popular music 动名词短语 I think that he is fit for his office 宾语 从句 宾语种类 1 双宾语 间接宾语 直接宾语 要求双宾语 直接宾语和间接宾语 的动 词 直接宾语提前 动词后加 to 或 for 现归纳如下 后面加 to 的动词 give 给 tell 告诉 bring 带来 send 寄 送 hand 交给 read 读 pass 递给 return 把 还给 lend 借 给 throw 扔 给 leave 留给 promise 许诺 答应 refuse 拒绝 后面加 for 的动词 get 得到 make 制造 做 buy 买 do 做 play 演奏 order 命令 sing 唱歌 pay 为 而付钱 2 复合宾语 宾语 宾补 例如 They elected him their monitor 六 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词 除有一个直接宾语以外 还要有一个宾语补 语 才能使句子的意义完整 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为 某些及物动词 宾语 宾补 宾语 名词 常用于改结构的动词有 call name make find choose think leave 宾语 形容词 常见的动词有 think believe leave drive make keep turn wish want 宾语 副 词 宾语 介词短语 宾语 不定式 充当宾补的不定式有三种 A 要求 带 to 的不定式 B 要求不带 to 的不定式 let make have see watch look at hear listen to feel 等 用不定式作宾语补语时 要省去 to 但用于被动语态时 还要 加上 to 等 C 单词 help 后可加 to 或不加 to 宾语 现在分词 see watch look at hear listen to feel 宾语 过去分词 形式宾语 形容词 宾语 what 从句 主补 对主 语的补充 例如 His father named him Dongming 名词 They painted their boat white 形容词 Let the fresh air in 副词 You mustn t force him to lend his money to you 不定式短语 4 We saw her entering the room 现在分词 We found everything in the lab in good order 介词短语 We will soon make our city what your city is now 从句 七 定语 修饰名词或代词的词 短语或从句称为定语 定语可由以下等成分表示 Guilin is a beautiful city 形容词 China is a developing country America is a developed country 分词 There are thirty women teachers is our school 名词 His rapid progress in English made us surprised 代词 Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom 不定式短语 The teaching plan for next term has been worked out 动名词 He is reading an article about how to learn English 介词短语 八 状语 修饰动词 形容词 副词或整个句子 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分 叫做状语 可由以下形式表示 Light travels most quickly 副词及副词性词组 He has lived in the city for ten years 介词短语 He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination 不定式短语 He is in the room making a model plane 分词短语 Wait a minute 名词 Once you begin you must continue 状语从句 简单句的五种基本句型口诀 英语句子万万千 五大句型把线牵 句型种类为动词 后接什么是关键 vt 又可分三类 单宾双宾最常见 还有宾语补足语 各种搭配记心间 注意 带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常 用的形式 基本句型是 S V O 间接 疑问词 不定式 简单句的五个基本句型 5 主语 不及物动词 She came My head aches 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English 主语 系动词 表语 She is happy 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage There be There lies a book on the desk 练习一 一 指出下列句子句子成分 1 The students got on the school bus 2 He handed me the newspaper 3 I shall answer your question after class 4 What a beautiful Chinese painting 5 They went hunting together early in the morning 6 His job is to train swimmers 7 He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing 8 There is going to be an American film tonight 9 He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow 10 His wish is to become a scientist 11 He managed to finish the work in time 12 Tom came to ask me for advice 13 He found it important to master English 14 Do you have anything else to say 15 To be honest your pronunciation is not so good 16 Would you please tell me your address 17 He sat there reading a newspaper 18 It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy 19 He noticed a man enter the room 20 The apples tasted sweet 21 When you cross a main road you must be careful 22 He went out to play football after he had finished his homework 6 23 Wait until you are called 24 I can t recognize you You are so changed since last we met 25 He didn t go to school until he was eleven 26 You can use my house as long as you are careful 27 He is so terrible once he is drunk 28I listen to the radio while I walk every evening 29 Put it where you found it You ll be late unless you hurry 30I did just as you told me 31 They are such wonderful players that no one can beat them 32 We arrived early so that we got good seats 33 He is the man whom that I saw yesterday 34 His father died the year that when in which he was born 35 This is the house which we bought last month 36 Whether he will come is not clear It is not important who will go 37 I want to know what he has told you 38 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test 39 It looks as if it is going to rain 40 It s a pity that you should have to leave 41 He is young but he works hard 42 He works hard so he is a top student of class 42 Hurry up or we ll be late 44 We rarely stay in hotels for we can t afford it 45 Some new computers were stolen last night 46 The bikes are made by them in the factory 47 It should be done at once 48 He was seen to come in 49 Lily was given a sticker by Jack 50 Is a car being driven now 二 用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语 谓语 宾语 I hope you are very well I m fine but tired Right now it is the summer vacation and I m helping my Dad on the farm August is the hottest month here It is the time of year for the rice 7 harvest so every day I work from dawn until dark Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors We grow rice in the south of the States but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat We have a lot of machines on the farm Although the farm is large my Dad has only two men working for him But he employs more men for the harvest My brother takes care of the vegetable garden It doesn t often rain in the summer here As a result we have to water the vegetable garden Every evening we pump water from a well It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden 三 用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语 状语 补语 Most Saturday evenings there is a party even at harvest time These parties often make us very happy We cook meat on an open fire outside It s great Americans eat a lot of meat too much in my opinion Some of my friends drink beer I don t because I have to drive home after the party In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States There are five different time areas in the States In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time How many different time areas do you have in China Well I must stop and get some sleep Please give my best regards to your parents 四 选择填空 1 will leave for Beijing A Now there the man B The man here nowC The man who is here now D The man is here now 2 The weather A wet and cold B is wet and cold C not wet and cold D were wet and cold 3 The apple tasted A sweets B sweetlyC nicely D sweet 8 4 He got up yesterday morning A lately B late C latest D latter 5 The actor at the age of 70 A dead B diedC dyed D deaded 6 were all very tired but none of would stop to take a rest A We us B Us we C We our D We we 7 He found the street much A crowd B crowdingC crowded D crowdedly 8 I think necessary to learn English well A its B it C that D that is 9 The dog mad A looks B is looked C is being lookedD was looked 10 I will never forget the day I joined the army A that B when C in which D where 1That morning we talked a great deal 2The meeting will last two hours 3Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years 4This box weighs five kilos 5 I lived in Beijing five years ago 6I want to talk with you this afternoon 7 They have carried out the plan successfully 8You must finish reading these books in two weeks 9 Jim cannot dress himself 10 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy 11 He did not know what to say 12Mrs Brown looks very healthy 13At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist 14Her job is to look after the children in the nursery 15The report sounds interesting 15 Mr Johnson taught us German last year16Grandma told me an interesting story last night 17Would you please pass me the dictionary 18 He showed the ticket to t