商务英语考试BEC备考辅导BEC中级阅读： 企业老总与分析师私交过密

BEC 中级阅读 企业老总与分析师 私交过密 在竞争残酷的美国商界 首席执行官们很少被人视为可以诉苦的对象 或者是职业发展方 面可信赖的顾问 In America s dog eat dog business world chief executives are rarely seen as friendly shoulders to cry on or trusted advisers on career development 然而 代表投资者对公司进行批判性分析的华尔街分析师 却把其研究对象公司的首席执 行官视为这样的人 But that is exactly how Wall Street analysts whose job is to cast a critical eye on companies on behalf of investors appeared to have regarded the executives of companies they covered 日前公布的一份学术研究报告显示 数百名股票分析师曾向企业首席执行官们寻求帮助 涉及内容包罗万象 从如何与该银行的客户见面 到他们的个人问题 According to an academic study to be released today hundreds of equity analysts asked executives for favours ranging from meetings with their banks clients to advice on personal matters 多数首席执行官会答应这些请求 但这种慷慨的价码很高 如果公司业绩逊色 或进行了 一宗风险较高的并购交易 接受帮忙的分析师将不太可能调降该公司的评级 Most executives obliged but their generosity came at a price analysts on the receiving end of executives favours were less likely to downgrade a company as a result of poor earnings or a risky acquisition 相应的 如果知道另一位分析师因为发布了对该公司不利的研究报告 因而在寻求帮助时 遭到该公司拒绝 那么 其他分析师们采取类似行为的可能性也大大降低 Similarly knowing that another analyst had been denied favours as a result of negative coverage made analysts much less likely to take similar action 这一史无前例的研究显示 近年来一直萦绕在华尔街和美国企业界关系上的利益冲突问题 依然存在 且相当严重 该研究报告的为密歇根大学 University of Michigan 的詹姆斯 o 韦斯特法尔 James Westphal 和得克萨斯大学 University of Texas 的迈克尔 o 克莱门 特 Michael Clement The unprecedented research by James Westphal of the University of Michigan and Michael Clement of the University of Texas suggests that the conflicts of interests that have plagued the interaction between Wall Street and corporate America in recent years are alive and well 韦斯特法尔表示 这是首席执行官和分析师之间关系的副作用 这种关系可能会削弱分 析师建议的客观性 如果分析师确实受到了首席执行官帮忙的影响 那么投资者 尤其 是散户投资者 怎么能信赖分析师的研究报告呢 This is a side effect of the relationship between executives and analysts that can perhaps compromise the objectivity of their recommendations says Mr Westphal But if analysts are indeed swayed by chief executives largesse how could investors especially retail investors trust their calls 华尔街分析师的独立性曾多次遭到质疑 然而 直到现在 监管机构的重点一直放在将投 行内部的业务员和荐股分析师脱离关系上 自从安然 Enron 丑闻爆发后 美国已经进行 了相关改革 两者的关系已不那么密切了 The independence of Wall Street analysts has been repeatedly questioned Until now however the regulatory spotlight had focused on unwinding the relationship between dealmakers and stockpickers within investment banks which has become much less cosy since post Enron reforms 至于分析师和企业首席执行官之间的关系 多数观察人士认为 主要问题在 2000 年就已 解决了 当时 美国监管者将企业向某些分析师透露股价敏感信息列为非法行为 As for the links between analysts and executives most observers believed the main problem had been resolved in 2000 when US regulators outlawed the disclosure of price sensitive information to selected analysts 然而 这一最新研究却采取了与众不同的方式 调查于至进行 针对 00 多名分析师进行 了问卷调查 他们的回答得到了数百名首席执行官的验证 But the new study carried out between and on more than 1 800 analysts whose responses were cross checked with those of hundreds of executives takes a different approach 调查的出发点是两个心理学公理 第一 个人会对那些向他们提供帮助的人心存感激 第 二 如果人认为自己能从帮助中得到某些东西 他们更有可能向他人提供帮助 Its starting point is two psychological axioms that individuals feel grateful to those doing them a favour and that human beings are more likely to bestow a favour on someone when they think there is something in it for them 然而 调查结果甚至令报告的感到意外 他们表示 他们就争议性较小的事情提出长长的 问题 再把这个问题隐藏在其中 这样 分析师就会承认曾接受过帮助 The findings however surprised even the authors of the report who say they were able to get analysts to admit to receiving favours by burying the questions within a long questionnaire on less controversial issues 研究者发现 公司未能实现业绩预期的次数越多 首席执行官们向分析师提供帮忙的可能 性也就越大 尤其是对于那些的分析师 The researchers found that the more a company missed its earnings forecast the more chief executives were likely to offer favours to analysts particularly the highly rated ones 可能更为令人意外的是 这一策略似乎很有用 Perhaps more surprisingly the tactic appeared to work 如果一家公司在其核心市场之外进行高风险并购 接受帮忙 的分析师对该公司降级的可 能性减少了 65 In the case of a risky acquisition that moved the company away from its core markets the likelihood of a downgrade by a favoured analyst was cut by 65 per cent 华尔街观察人士表示 接受研究对象的帮忙 违反了行业组织 CFA 协会 CFA Institute 的行为准则 Wall Street observers said that accepting favours from companies under coverage is a breach of the code of conduct of the CFA Institute the trade body 然而 前电信业高级分析师 一位华尔街分析师的自白 Confessions of a Wall Street Analyst 丹 o 莱因戈尔德 Dan Reingold 表示 尽管这些调查结果令人意外 但 它提醒人们 研究分析中存在利益冲突 But Dan Reingold a former top telecoms analyst and author of Confessions of a Wall Street Analyst said that although the findings were surprising they served as a reminder that there remained conflicts of interest in research 他表示 主要的利益冲突包括接近公司管理层以及获得公司信息 但他补充称 这对于机 构投资者的重要性要小于散户投资者 He said the key conflicts involved access to company management and information flow but added that they were less important for institutional investors than for retail investors 机构投资者通常都知道某一位分析师是否与某家公司的管理层关系非常密切 因此 它 们会有意无意地质疑分析师的推荐 它们会挤掉分析师建议中的水分 但阅读这份研究报 告的散户投资者对里面的这些关系毫不知情 Institutional investors will often know if a particular analyst is very close to certain managements and therefore might either consciously or unconsciously tilt their recommendations They can discount the recommendations The retail client who reads the research has no idea about any of these relationships 德意志银行 Deutsche Bank 银行业分析师迈克 o 梅奥 Mike Mayo 很早之前就表示 分析 师面临的来自研究对象的压力 与来自投资银行同事的压力一样大 Mike Mayo banking analyst at Deutsche Bank has long argued that the pressure analysts come under from the companies they cover is as significant as the pressure from their investment banking colleagues 安然丑闻爆发后 梅奥在向美国参议院银行委员会 Senate banking comm