牛津译林版英语8B-Unit7-International-charities-知识点汇编

Unit7 International charities Welcome to the unit 1 You have some pocket money left 你还剩余一些零花钱 注意 left 是 leave 的过去分词 在此句中做后置定语 修饰 pocket money 意为 剩下的 没有用完的 left 相当于一个形容词 放在被修饰的名词或 anything nothing nobody 等不定代词 之后 eg I have only one food ticket left There is nothing left in the fridge leave for 动身前往动身前往 leave 忘带 落下 离开 2 have a big lunch 吃顿丰盛的午餐 3 I m too weak to walk any further 我太虚弱 走不动了 I m so weak that I can t walk any further I m not strong enough to walk any further farther further 这两个词都是 far 的比较级形式 farther 和 further 都可指具体的距离 即空间时间上的 较远 Let s not go any farther further further 还可用于抽象的引申义 如时间 程度和数量等 表示 进一步 更进一层 此时 不能与 farther 换用 I may be able to give you some further information about it The problem will be further discussed at the class meeting 4 help build a better world for everyone 帮着为每个人建立一个更好的世界 a better world 一个更美好的世界 5 provide basic education for children in poor areas 为贫穷地区的孩子们提供基础教育 basic education 基础教育 receive basic education 接受基础教育 6 work for the equal rights of girls and women 为女孩和妇女的平等权利而工作 work for 为 而工作 equal rights 平等的权利 8 prevent the spread of some serious diseases among young people 预防年轻人中一些严重疾病 的扩散 prevent from doing sth stop from doing sth keep from doing sth 均表示 阻止 做某事 上述三个结构中 在主动语态中 stop 与 prevent 后可省去 from 但在被动语态中不 可省略 而 keep from 中的 from 在任何情况下都不能省略 The heavy rain prevented us going on but we didn t lose heart 在被动语态中 from 都不可省 We were prevented by the rain from going there protect from against 表示 保护 免受 例如 Protect children from violence 9 do a good job 干得不错 完成得很好 Reading 1 an interview with an ORBIS doctor 一次对奥比斯医生的采访 2 tell us something about blindness 告诉我们关于失明的一些事 say speak tell talk 的区别和用法的区别和用法 say 一般作及物动词用 着重说话的内容 它的宾语可以是名词 代词或宾语从句 eg He can say his name 他会说他的名字 Please say it in English 请用英语用 speak 强调说的动作 不强调所说的内容 作及物动词时 常以某种语言作宾语 作不及物动词时 常见的搭配形式有 speak of something somebody 谈到某事 某人 speak to sb 跟某人讲话 此外 speak 还可用于在较为正式的场合了表演讲或演说 Can you speak Japanese 你会说日语吗 She is speaking to her teacher 她正在跟 她的老师说话 He spoke at the meeting yesterday 他昨天在会上讲了话 talk 一般为不及物动词 意思是 交谈 谈话 着重强调两具之间的相互说话 eg She is talking with Lucy in English 她正在和露茜用英语交谈 What are you talking about 你们在谈论什么 The teacher is talking to him 老师正在和他谈话 tell 常作及物动词 意为 讲述 告诉 动词常跟双宾语 tell sb sth tell sth to sb 告诉某人某事 Did you tell her the news Did you tell the news to her tell sb to do sth 叫某人做某事 tell sb not to do sth 让某人不做某事 3 have eye problems 有眼疾 4 80 per cent of these cases 80 的病例 分数分数 百分数百分数 of of 名词名词 结构作主语时 谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致 如 结构作主语时 谓语动词的数与其中名词的数保持一致 如 About 30 percent of the pupils were absent that day 那天大约有 30 的学生未 到 Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea 地球表面的四分 之三是海 5 have money for medical treatment medical treatment 医疗医疗 medical 是是 medicine 形形 容词形式 医学的容词形式 医学的 6 Flying Eye Hospital 眼科飞机医院 7 do operations on sb operate on sb 给某人做手术给某人做手术 operate 动词 动词 operation 名词名词 8 be used as a training centre 被用作培训中心 9 Many of our patients can t afford to go to hospital go to hospital 去看病 afford sth 买得起某物买得起某物 afford to do sth 负担得起做某事负担得起做某事 can t afford 负担负担 不起不起 10 on board 在飞机在飞机 船 火车船 火车 上上 11 learn about eye operations 学习眼科手术 12 teach them new skills 教他们新的技能 13 during a visit 在一次拜访中 during the last visit 在上次的拜访中 14 be proud to do sth 以以 做某事而自豪做某事而自豪 be proud of 以以 为荣为荣 pride 是是 proud 的名词形式 的名词形式 be proud of take pride in 15 help people see again 帮助人们重见光明 16 treat people with eye problems 治疗有眼疾的人 cure most eye diseases 治愈大 多数眼病 cure sb of sth 治好某人的病 Dr Ma cured the old man of his blindness 17 carry on working carry on with our work 继续开展我们的工作 carry on with sth 继续开展 继续下去 18 Modern medicine is developing quickly 现代医学正迅速发展 Develop 动词 发展 加强 develop quickly 发展很快 development 名词 发展 with the development of 随着 的发展 developed 发达的 developing 发展中的 a developed country 一个发达国家 a developing country 一个发展中的国家 19 Thank you for your time 感谢你的时间 20 cut a person s body open 给某人开刀 cut open 把把 切开切开 21 the condition of being unable to see 不能看见东西的状态 22 many more people 更多的人 23 get treatment 得到治疗 Grammar integrated skills and study skills 1 hand out leaflets to people 向人们分发传单 hand out 分发 提出分发 提出 hand in 上交上交 2 hold a charity show 举行一次慈善义演 3 be set up in Europe 在欧洲建立 set up 建起 设立 4 part of the United Nations 联合国的一部分 5 make the world a better place for children 使得世界成为一个更适合孩子们的地方 6 want the children to be healthy 想让孩子们健康 7 raise money by selling Christmas cards 通过卖圣诞卡片募集钱 8 organize some activities 组织一些活动 9 prevent them from getting illness 防止他们得病 10 look pale 看上去苍白 11 What s the matter with sb 某人 怎么了 What s wrong with you I don t feel well 我觉得不舒服 12 get toothache 牙疼 13 How long have you felt like this 你感觉这样 这么不舒服多久了 14 have a check 检查一下 15 nothing serious 没有什么严重的 16 Take this medicine after meals three times a day 饭后服药 一天三次 17 not at all 一点也不 not any more no more 不再 18 Will it be a success Will it be successful 它将会成功吗 19 keep asking myself 不断问我自己 20 No time to be nervous any more 没有时 间再紧张了 21 make a lot of noise 发出很多吵闹声 22 have to speak loudly 不得不大声说话 Task 1 a secretary of a company 一家公司的秘书 2 be afraid of flying 害怕飞行 3 train as a nurse 培训为一名护士 4 live in a comfortable flat 住在一 个舒适的公寓里 5 take the plane 乘飞机 6 help poor people with eye problems see again 帮助患 有眼疾的穷人重见光明 7 make up one s mind to do sth 下定决心做某事 make up her mind to train as a nurse 下定决心培训当护士 decide to do sth 8 attend courses 参加课程 9 travel over 300 days a year 一年中超过 300 天都在旅游 10 get used to travelling by plane 习惯于乘飞机旅行 11 have as much money as before 和以前有一样多的钱 12 She thinks her life is more meaningful 她认为她的人生更有意义 13 used to work on the farm all day 过去常常整日在农场上工作 14 an officer 一个官员 15 learn about the conditions of the local people 了解当地人们的情况 16 enter a school 考入学校 三三 词形变化词形变化 1 especial especially 2 educate education 3 spread spread spread 4 interview interviewer read reader office officer 5 blind blindness 6 medicine medical 7 treat treatment 8 develop developed developing development 9 hold held held set set set setting 10 secretary secretaries 11 operate operation 12 most mostly 一 被动语态的用法 1 一般现在时的被动语态构成 is am are 及物动词的过去分词 Our classroom is cleaned everyday 我们教室每天都被打扫 I am asked to study hard 我被告知要努力学习 Knives are used for cutting things 刀是用来切东西的 2 一般过去时的被动语态构成 was were 及物动词的过去分词 A new shop was built last year 去年修了一座新商店 Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久 3 一般将来时的被动语态构成 will be 及物动词的过去分词 A new hospital will be built in our city 我们城市将要修建一家新医院 Many more trees will be planted next year 明年会种更多的树 4 现在进行时的被动语态构成 am is are being 及物动词的过去分词 Uncle Wang is mending my bike now My bike is being repaired by Tom now 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车 They are planting trees over there Trees are being planted over there by them 他们在那里种植的树木 5 现在完成时的被动语态构成 has have been 及物动词的过去分词 This book has been translated into many languages 这本书被翻译成多种文字 Many man made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries 在许多国家有 许多人造卫星被送上了太空 6 过去进行时的被动语态构成 was were being 及物动词的过去分词 The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital 当他的父母赶到医 院的时候这个男孩正在做手术 The new road was being made 这条新路正在修筑 7 过去完成时的被动语态构成 had been 及物动词的过去分词 The classroom hadn t been cleaned before the teacher came 在老师来之前 教室尚未打 扫 The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema 在门票被销售一空前我赶到了电 影院 8 将来完成时的被动语态构成 shall will have done They will have been married for 20 years by then 届时 他们结婚将满 20 周年 The project will have been completed before May 该项目将在五月前完成 9 含有情态动词的被动语态构成 情态动词 be 及物动词的过去分词 Young trees must be watered often 小树需要经常浇水 Your mistakes should be corrected right now 你应该现在就改正你的错误 The door may be locked inside 这扇门可以反锁 Your homework can be handed in tomorrow 你的家庭作业可以明天交 二 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单 可以遵循以下几个步骤 1 先找出谓语动词 2 再找出谓语动词后的宾语 3 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语 4 注意人称 时态和数的变化 例 1 Bruce writes a letter every week A letter is written by Bruce every week 布鲁斯 每星期写一封信 2 Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车 3 He has written two novels so far Two novels have been written by him so far 至今他已 写了两部小说 4 They will plant ten trees tomorrow Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow 他们明 天将要种植十棵树 5 Lucy is writing a letter now A letter is being written by Lucy now 露西正在写信 6 You must lock the door when you leave the door must be locked when you leave 当你 离开的时候你必须把门锁上 三 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1 不及物动词无被动语态 What will happen in 100 years 一百年里会发生什么事 The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago 约 65 万年前恐龙灭绝 2 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义 This pen writes well 这支钢笔很好写 这支钢笔很好写 This new book sells well 这本新书卖的很好 这本新书卖的很好 3 感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式 主动语态中不带 to 但变为被动 语态时 须加上 to 例 make somebody do something somebody be made to do something see somebody do something somebody be seen to do something A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by 一个女孩看到我的钱夹掉了当她经过的时候 The boss made the little boy do heavy work The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss 这个老板让这小男孩干重活 4 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时 直接宾语 物 作主语 那么动词后要用介 词 这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定 He gave me a book A book was given to me by him 他给了我一本书 He showed me a ticket A ticket was shown to me by him 他给我展示了一张票 My father bought me a new bike A new bike was bought for me by my father 我父亲给我买 了一辆新自行车 5 一些动词短语用于被动语态时 动词短语应当看作一个整体 而不能丢掉其中的介 词或副词 We can t laugh at him He can t be laugh at by us 我们不能嘲笑他 He listens to the radio every day The radio is listened to by him every day 他每天都收 听广播 The nurse is taking care of the sick man The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse 这护士在照顾这个虚弱的男人 Grammar 一 构成 学习一般将来时的被动语态 首先应掌握其各种结构形式 1 肯定式 will shall be 动词的过去分词 2 否定式 will shall not be 动词的过去分词 3 疑问式 Will Shall 主语 be 动词的过去分词 简略回答 Yes 主语 will shall No 主语 won t shan t 现在 请看实例 A 肯定句 Anew stadium will be put up here 否定句 Anewstadium will not won t be put up here 疑问句及简略回答 Will a new stadium be put up here Yes it will No it won t 特殊疑问句及回答 What will be put up here A new stadium B A lot of athletes will be invited to Beijing But those who have used illegal drugs will not be invited 但那些使用违禁药物的将不被邀请 Will some world famous singers be invited Yes they will Who else will be invited Some judges and sports officials of course 二 其他结构 表示将来意义的被动结构还有 1 be going to be done 2 be to be done 3 will shall get done 等 例如 Some old buildings are going to be put down The 29th Olympic Games is to be held in Beijing in 2008 The workers will get paid before the end of December 同学们也要注意这些结构的否定式 疑问式等 例如 These trees are not going to be cut down Are these trees going to be cut down Yes they are The machines are not to be repaired tonight Are they to be repaired tomorrow Yes they are 三 注意事项 使用一般将来时的被动语态时 应注意以下两点 1 在时间 条件状语从句中 应使用现在时表示将来时 同样 应使用现在时的被动语态 表示将来时的被动语态 例如 He says he will leave the company if he is punished for this 2 使用一般将来时被动语态时 学生易遗漏被动式中的 be 例如 误 A new film will shown at the cinema next week 正 A new film will be shown at the cinema next week 误 Is this bridge going to completed before the end of this year 正 Is this bridge going to be completed before the end of this year 四 基本结构 一 shall will be done 经典例题 1 I promise that this matter next week A will be taken care B will take care of C will take good care D will be taken care of 思路点拨 选 D 从题干不难看出 一是从句中的 this matter 和 take care of 是被动关 系 二是 take care of 是固定搭配 不能拆开 三是相对于 promise 来说 take care of 是将要发生 的动作 故从句谓语应用一般将来时的被动语态 经典例题 2 These dictionaries the library again by y