英语句子八大成分.doc

.英语句子成分讲座主语句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语)来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it作形式主语。名词作主语Englishisveryimportant.英语是很重要的。ThestudentsalllovetheirEnglishteacher.这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。代词作主语Theygotoschoolbybus.他们乘公共汽车上学。Mostofthestudentscomefromthecountryside.大多数学生来自农村。动名词作主语WatchingTVtoomuchisbadforyoureyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。Itsnouseregrettingit.后悔是无用的。动词不定式(短语)作主语Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Itisveryhardtogettosleep.入睡谓语谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和连系动词(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词作谓语Weshouldhelpeachother.我们应该互相帮助。Theyrespectoneanother.他们互相尊重(对方)。All ofthestudentslikethenovel.所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。Didyouseemanypeoplethere?你在那儿看见许多人了吗?不及物动词作谓语Helefthereyesterday.他昨天离开这儿。Youredrivingtoofast.你开车开得太快了。Theteachercamein,bookinhand.老师走进教室，手里拿着书。HewentabroadintheSeptemberof1988.他于1988年9月出国。连系动词表状态Heisanexcellentteacher.他是位优秀的教师。Hersonisafriendofours.她的儿子是我们的朋友。Oursisagreatcountry.我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.箱子本身并不重。表语表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：Theyarebrotherandsister.他们是兄妹。Herfatherissixty-five.她父亲65岁。Johniscaptainoftheteam.约翰是足球队的队长。Thepoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Allyouneeddoistotakeataxifromtheairport.你只需从机场打个的即可。Myfavouritesportisswimming.我最喜爱的运动是游泳。宾语宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如：IlikeChinesefood.我喜欢中国菜。IboughtaticketforMilan.我买了一张去米兰的车票。Ienjoyedtalkingtoyou.我和你谈话很高兴。Haveyoufinisheddressing?你衣服穿好了吗?Hecertainlydidnotwanttojointhem.他确实不想参加他们的活动。Theydecidedtoclosetheborder.他们决定封闭边境。Wehopedthatallwouldcomewell.我们希望一切都会好转。Weexpectedthatyouwouldstayforafewdays.我们预计你会待几天的。定语定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。Hisfatherisadoctor.他父亲是一名医生。Mr.Greenhastwosons.格林先生有两个儿子。ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。Themandownstairscouldntsleepwell.楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。Iboughtanewdictionary.我买了本新字典。Canyoufindouttheanswertothequestion？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想要些喝的东西吗？Amangoingtodieisalwayskind-hearted.人之将死，其言也善。Thesuggestionsenttothecommitteewasadopted.送往委员会的建议被采纳了。DoyouknowthemanwhoisstandingnexttoMr.Green?你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？状语英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。(1)时间状语Ioftengetupat5:30inthemorning.我常常在早上5:30起床。Hearingthenews,theyfeltveryexcited.听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。(2)地点状语PandasonlyliveinChina.熊猫仅生活在中国。(3)目的状语WellgotothebeachforapicnicthisSunday.这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。Hetooksomechangefromhispockettobuyanewspaper.他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。(4)方式状语Weusuallygotoschoolonfoot.我们通常步行去上学。PleasedoitasItoldyou.请按我告诉你的去做。(5)让步状语Thoughshehasalotofmoney,sheisunhappy.虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。Nomatterwhathappens,Iwillneverloseheart.无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。(6)条件状语Ifyoudontworkhard,youllfallbehindtheothers.假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。Givenmoreattention,theflowerswouldhavegrownbetter.如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花将长得更好。(7)原因状语Wedidntgototheparkbecauseofthebadweather.由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。Beingill,hedidntgotoschool.由于病了，他没有去上学。(8)结果状语Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步难行。Heleftearly,sothathecaughtthetrain.他早早地离去，(结果)因此赶上了火车。(9)伴随状语Thedoctorhurriedoff,withamedicineboxunderhisarm.这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。Theteachercameintotheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。宾语补足语宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：Tomfoundtheclimbquiteeasy.汤姆觉得爬山很容易。Please callmeJim.不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。Youmustkeepitclean.你要把它保持干净。Ihavethecarwaiting.我让汽车等着。Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们请人修理了机器。Whydontyouhaveyourhaircut?你为什么不理发?Hehadhisfingercut.他的手指弄伤了。Ihadmywatchstolenyesterday.我的表昨天被人偷去了。Shehasplentyofclothestowear.她有足够的衣服穿。Hemademerepeatthestory.他要我把那事重讲一遍。Rainmakesplantsgrow.雨水使植物生长。注意：后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,think,make,choose等，后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep,find,get,think,make等。动词不定式作宾语补足语时，当谓语动词为感官动词(如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,listento,lookat等)，使役动词(如let,have,make等)，动词不定式不带to主语补足语The door was painted white.The old man was found weak.练习句子成分练习题(一)(一).指出下列句中主语1.Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.2.Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.3.Todotodayshomeworkwithouttheteachershelpisverydifficult.(2) 选出句中谓语1.Idontlikethepictureonthewall.Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?Tomdidntdohishomeworkyesterday.WhatIwanttotellyouisthis.Wehadbettersendforadoctor.Heisinterestedinmusic.(三)挑出下列句中的宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.Youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.TheydidntknowwhoFatherChristmasreallyis.(四)挑出下列句中的表语Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.WhyisheworriedaboutJim?Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.(五)挑出下列句中的定语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.He isa famousstar.5.Whos thatgirlin red?6.Asuitcasethatdoesnt have handlesis useless.7.The bluesuitcase,whichdoesnt have handles, is useless.(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?挑出句子中的状语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语Pleasetellusastory.Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.MrLiisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.Didheleaveanymessageforme?句子成分练习题(二)指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分：1. Whetherwellgodependontheweather.2. Peoplesstandardsoflivingaregoingupsteadily.3.Thatwashowtheyweredefeated.4.Thenurserytakesgoodcareofourchildren.5.Illreturnthebooktoyoutomorrow.6.Wearesurethatweshallsucceed.7.Thewomanwithababyinher