英语专四之比较结构

专四语法考点串讲之四专四语法考点串讲之四 形容词 副词及比较平行结构形容词 副词及比较平行结构 一 形容词后置情况总结 一 形容词后置情况总结 1 修饰不定代词不定代词 something anything nothing everything 等时 例 There is something difficult in this book 2 形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语介词短语或不定式短语的时候 例 This is a student worth of praise 3 用 and 或或 or 连接两个形容词连接两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后 起强调修饰的作用 例 They will turn their motherland into a country beautiful and modern 4 形容词同表示数量的词组连用表示数量的词组连用时亦放在后面 例 The pipe is twelve feet long 二 感叹副词二 感叹副词 what how 之间的区别 之间的区别 what 修饰名词或名词短语 how 修饰副词或形容词 如 56 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT 2012 A How strange feelings they are B How dare you speak to me like that C What noise they are making D What a mess we are in 三 同根副词辨析 三 同根副词辨析 1 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎 2 late 晚 迟 lately 近来 3 most 极 非常 mostly 主要地 4 wide 广阔地 widely 广泛地 5 deep 深 迟 deeply 抽象意义上的 深 6 near 邻近 nearly 几乎 7 express 用快递方式 expressly 清楚地 明白地 8 just 恰好 正是 justly 正义 公正地 详细阅读课本 详细阅读课本 P276 280 并做 并做 P280 281 练习题练习题 24B 四 比较等级的常见句型 四 比较等级的常见句型 1 as 原级 as as 原级 a an 单数可数名词 as 其否定形式为 not as so 原级 as 2 比较级 than 比较对象 less 原级 比较对象 3 比较级 and 比较级或 more and more 原级 4 the 比较级 the 比较级 5 the 比较级 of the two 6 the 最高级 单数可数名词 of among 复数名词或 in 单数名词 7 be one of among the 最高级 复数名词 8 the last 原级 单数可数名词 of among 复数名词或 in 单数名词 五 比较等级的修饰语 五 比较等级的修饰语 1 修饰原级 fairly quite rather so very too 等 2 修饰比较级 much even far rather still any no 而不用 very quite fairly Greatly a bit a little a head a great deal a lot by far 等 六 六 如果复数名词前有 many few 不可数名词前有 much little 等表示量量的形容词时 该用 so 而 不用 such 注意注意 little 不表示数量而表示 小 的意思时 仍用 such 七 七 almost 与与 nearly 的用法区别的用法区别 在 very pretty not 后用 nearly 不用 almost 在 any no none never 前用 almost 不用 nearly Eg I m not nearly ready I almost never see her 八 特殊结构八 特殊结构 1 A is to B what as X is Y 如 53 Nine is to three three is to one 2008 A when B that C which D what 2 A V 倍数或分数倍数或分数 as adj adv as B A V 倍数或分数倍数或分数 名词名词 of B 如 55 A new laptop costs about of a second hand one 2009 A the price of three times B three times the price C as much as the three times price D three times more than the price 64 The square itself is five hundred yards wide five times the size of St Peter s in Rome 2008 A B that of C which is D of 3 major minor inferior superior senior junior prior to 表示比较表示比较 九 九 As 的用法 比较级的用法及隐含比较级的用法 比较级的用法及隐含比较级 as 的用法 的用法 1 原级比较一般结构原级比较一般结构 as as not as as the same as Eg The work is not as difficult as you think Last year land values in most parts of the pinelands rose almost as fast as those outside the pinelands 2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活 可以位于主句前面 中间或后面 一般用逗号与主句隔引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活 可以位于主句前面 中间或后面 一般用逗号与主句隔 开 但开 但 which 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后 as 可引导非限制性从句 常带有可引导非限制性从句 常带有 正正 如如 As we know smoking is harmful to one s health As is known smoking is harmful to one s health As 是关系代词 例 1 中的 as 作 know 的宾语 例 2 中 它充当从句的主语 谓语动词 know 要 用被动式 3 尽管 虽说尽管 虽说 引起让步状语从句引起让步状语从句 Eg Intelligent as she was she had not much insight 尽管她很聪明 但她没眼力 4 As much as 达到 和 达到 和 一样 的程度 一样 的程度 5 as so far as 就就 而论 据而论 据 引导方式状语从句引导方式状语从句 6 So as to 为的是 以便为的是 以便 7 Such as to 以致以致 53 His remarks were annoy everybody at the meeting 2005 A so as to B such as to C such to D as much as to 8 as so long as 只要只要 only if 引导条件状语从句引导条件状语从句 9 as soon as 一一 就就 引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句 10 as well as 也 以及 还 和 不仅也 以及 还 和 不仅 连接并列成分或从句连接并列成分或从句 11 no such as 没有这样一个没有这样一个 60 Land belongs to the city there is thing as private ownership of land 2006 A no such a B not such C not such a D no such 12 as much of as 正如正如 一样一样 64 It was we had hoped 2006 A more a success than B a success more than C as much of a success as D a success as much as 13 so much as 用在否定句中 与其说 不如说用在否定句中 与其说 不如说 41 The trumpet player was certainly loud but I wasn t bothered by his loudness his lack of talent 2004 A so much as B rather than C as D than 55 It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand 2015 2011 57 2007 57 1999 45 A but B nor C like D as 比较级的用法比较级的用法 1 more than 用法和意义较多 单独使用时其含义有 不仅是 非常 十分 等 more than 其含义可以是 与其说 不如说 不是 而是 2 no more than VS not more than a He has no more than five dollars on him 他身上仅有 5 美元 强调少 b He has not more than five dollars on him 他身上带的钱不超过 5 美元 客观陈述 数额少于 5 美元 3 no more than VS not more than a He is no more diligent than you 他不勤奋 你也不勤奋 两人都不勤奋 含有消极否定的意思 b He is not more diligent than you 他没有像你那样勤奋 两人都勤奋 但你更勤奋 含有积极 肯定的意思 表示程度上的差异 62 Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race Yet it is probably a threat to the human race than environmental destruction 2007 A no more B not more C even more D much more 4 no less than as much as 意为 意为 竟有竟有 之多 多达之多 多达 强调多 强调多 not less than 意为意为 不少于 至少不少于 至少 客观地描述 客观地描述 no less than 前后均为肯定 含有惊奇的感情色彩 前后均为肯定 含有惊奇的感情色彩 可译为 可译为 正是正是 和和 一样 一样 多达 多达 竟有竟有 之多之多 比较 a His son has read no less than 50 English books 他的儿子竟然读了 50 本英文书 强调多 b His son has read not less than 50 English books 他的儿子读了不少于 50 本英文书 客观陈述 不强调多或少 5 hardly more than 用来表示用来表示 仅仅仅仅 Eg The little man was hardly more than one meter fifty high 这个小个子男人仅有 1 5 米高 6 在在 more than 结构中 结构中 than 有时可看作关系代词 相当于有时可看作关系代词 相当于 than what Eg There ought to be less anxiety over the risk of getting cancer than exists in the public mind today Than than what 人们不应该像今天这样担心害怕患上癌症 61 The research requires more money than 2007 A have been put in B has been put in C being put in D to be put in 7 no other than 只有 正是 它常用来加强语气 多用于书面语 只有 正是 它常用来加强语气 多用于书面语 Eg The murderer turned out to be no other person than the inspector himself 结果是 那个杀人犯不是别人 正是巡官自己 8 no better than 和和 一样 实际上等于一样 实际上等于 practically the same as Eg A man who cannot read and write is no better than the blind 不识字的人跟瞎子没有两样 9 No sooner than 60 The couple had no sooner got to the station the coach left 2009 A when B as C until D than 10 most 大多数的意思大多数的意思 most of 某个范围中的大多数 某个范围中的大多数 11 better than 与其说与其说 倒不如说 倒不如说 Eg Certain programs work better for some than for others 某些项目对有些人来说效果不错对其他人来说则不然 12 more likely than 比较结构比较结构 Eg There are few electronic applications more likely to raise fears regarding future 很少有电子应用软件能够像机器人那样引起人们对未来就业机会的担忧 13 other than 意思是 不同于 除意思是 不同于 除 之外 之外 rather than 意思是 而不是 意思是 而不是 隐含比较级隐含比较级 inferior superior senior junior prior to 1 prior to 较早的 较重要的较早的 较重要的 The task is prior to all others 这项任务比其他所有的任务都重要 2 superior to 优越 高于优越 高于 In math he felt superior to John 他觉得自己数学比约翰强 3 inferior to 下等的 次的下等的 次的 4 senior to 年长的 地位高的 年长的 地位高的 junior 年幼的 地位低的 迟的年幼的 地位低的 迟的 He is two years senior to me 他比我大两岁 5 preferable to 更好的更好的 Health without riches is preferable to riches without health 贫穷但健康要比富有却多病更可取 6 prefer to 更倾向于更倾向于 prefer doing sth to doing sth prefer to do rather than do 真题总汇真题总汇 1994 2015 52 Mary is hardworking than her sister but she failed in the exam 2015 A no so B no more C not less D no less 55 It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the film difficult to understand 2015 A but B nor C like D as 62 Which of the following italicized parts modifies an adverb 2014 A I rather like my teacher B That was a very funny film C Do it right now D We walked about 6 miles 56 Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT 2012 A How strange feelings they are B How dare you speak to me like that C What noise they are making D What a mess we are in 56 Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT 2011 A The city is now ten times its original size B I wish I had two times his strength C The seller asked for double the usual price D They come here four times every year 57 It is not so much the language the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand 2011 A as B nor C but D like 53 He feels that he is not yet to travel abroad 2010 A too strong B enough strong C so strong D strong enough 64 Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete We ve seen the film 2010 A before B recently C lately D yet 55 A new laptop costs about of a second hand one 2009 A the price of three times B three times the price C as much as the three times price D three times more than the price 60 The couple had no sooner got to the station the coach left 2009 A when B as C until D than 63 Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete everybody came 2009 A Nearly B Quite C Practically D Almost 53 Nine is to three three is to one 2008 A when B that C which D what 59 What does He wisely refused to spend his money mean 2008 A It was wise of him to refuse to spend his money B He refused to spend his money in a wise manner C He was short of money and didn t want to buy anything D He refused in a wise manner to spend his money 60 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as 2008 A it could be B could be C it was D was 64 The square itself is five hundred yards wide five times the size of St Peter s in Rome 2008 A B that of C which is D of 51 There are as good fish in the sea ever came out of it 2007 A than B like C as D so 57 It is not much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand 2007 A that B as C so D very 61 The research requires more money than 2007 A have been put in B has been put in C being put in D to be put in 62 Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race Yet it is probably a threat to the human race than enviromental destruction 2007 A no more B not more C even more D much more 58 Susan is very hardworking but her pay is not for her work 2006 A enough good B good enough C as good enough D good as enough 60 Land belongs to the city there is thing as private ownership of land 2006 A no such a B not such C not such a D no such 61 My daughter has walked eight miles today We never guessed that she could walk far 2006 A B such C that D as 53 His remarks were annoy everybody at the meeting 2005 A so as to B such as to C such to D as much as to 59 Do you know Tim s brother He is than Tim 2005 A much more sportsman B more of a sportsman C more of sportsman D more a sportsman 补充材料 1 Simile as poor as a church mouse as blind as a bat as brave as a lion as fierce as a tiger as gay as a lark as free as ai as deaf as a post as dark as pitch as greedy as a pig as rich as a Jew as safe as the Bank as strong as a horse as tall as a church steeple as wet as a fish as wise as Solomon as timid as a rabbit as good as gold as firm steady as a rock as fat as a pig as different as black and white as cold as ice as clear as crystal as hot as fire as busy as a bee as light as a feather as like as two peas as loud as thunder as sick weak as a cat as sweet as sugar as swift as lightening as soft as silk as smooth as glass as ugly as a toad as proud as a peacock as gentle as a lamb as innocent as a baby as graceful as a swan as cunning as a fox as stupid as donkey 2 Adj modifying adj Icy cold Dead drunk Dead asleep Tight shut Red hot Wide open 3 Verb adj Come alive Come clean Fall silent Fall unconscious Go crazy mad Go barefoot Go wild Run wild Run loose Blush red Break free loose Come easy Come loose Fall due Fall short Go bad Go easy Lie awake Wear thin 4 Special meanings of colors Black black coffee 未加奶的咖啡 black tea 红茶 a black letter day 倒霉的日子 black market 黑市 black money 黑钱 black figure in the black 盈利 black list 黑名单 black box 黑匣子 black mark 污点 black ingratitude 忘恩负义 black sheep 败家子 害群之马 black smith 铁匠 blackout 突然大面积停电 black oil 润滑重油 black bolt 粗制螺栓 White white coffee 加奶的咖啡 white lie 善意的谎言 white collar worker 白领 white elephant 贵而无用的东西 累赘 的人或事物 white da