6.语法专题--数词

1 语法专题六 数词和主谓一致 一一 数词数词 考点解析考点解析 一一 数词包括基数词数词包括基数词 序数词序数词 分数词和倍数词分数词和倍数词 1 基数词基数词 表示数目的词是基数词 最基本的数词如下 1 one 2 two 3 three 4 four 5 five 6 six 7 seven 8 eight 9 nine 10 ten 11 eleven 12 twelve 13 thirteen 14 fourteen 15 fifteen 16 sixteen 17 seventeen 18 eighteen 19 nineteen 20 twenty 30 thirty 40 forty 50 fifty 60 sixty 70 seventy 80 eighty 90 ninety 100 a hundred 1000 a thousand 1000000 a million 1000000000 a billion 基数词 1 2 是独立单词 需逐个记忆 基数词 13 19 是个位数词 的词干后加 teen 构成 其中 thirteen fifteen eighteen 的变化不规则 基数词 20 90 整十的 是在十位数词后面加 ty 构成 基数词 21 99 是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成 中间加上连字符 如 21 twenty one 95 ninety five 三位以上的基数词 在百位和十位之间 一般要用连词 and 如 132 one hundred and thirty two 1340 one thousand three hundred and forty 2 表示 万 的词英语中没有 如 1 万可用 10 千来表示 即 ten thousand 30 万可用 three hundred thousand 来表示示 2 序数词序数词 表示数目顺序的词是序数词 序数词 1 19 除第一 第二 第三 第五 第八 第九 第十二变化 不规则外 其余均在基数词后加上 th 十位整数的序数词的构成方法是 将十位整数基数词的词尾 y 变 成 i 再加 eth 几十几的序数词 只是把个位变成序数词 十位数不变 3 分数词分数词 分数由基数词和序数词合成 分子用基数词 分母用序 数词 分子大于 1 时 分母的序数词要用复数形式 1 3 one third 3 7 three sevenths 4 倍数词倍数词 倍数词表示倍数关系 如 double 两倍 half 一半 three times 三倍 等 二二 数词的用法数词的用法 1 做主语做主语 Thirty of them are Party members 他们之中的 30 人是党员 2 做宾语做宾语 Please pass me the second 请递给我第二个 3 做定语做定语 The nine boys are from Tianjin 这九个男孩子是天津人 The ninth boy is from Tianjin 第九个男孩子是天津人 4 做表语做表语 Six plus four is ten 六加四等于十 3 5 做同位语做同位语 只限基数词只限基数词 We four will go with you 我们四个人将和你一起去 6 做状语做状语 When did you first meet him 你什么时候和他第一次见面 数词的句法功能数词的句法功能 成分成分 例例 句句 主语主语Four ninths of the students in our class are boys 我们班九分之 四的同学是男同学 宾语宾语I don t like the third 我不喜欢第三个 定语定语Sunday is the first day of a week 星期天是一周的第一天 表语表语My classmate is eighteen 我的同学十八岁 同位同位 语语 They two will go to the cinema tonight 他们两个今天晚上要 去看电影 状语状语He came out second in the contest 他在比赛中得了第二名 高考示例高考示例 例例 1 20051 2005 安徽高考安徽高考 John is the tallest boy in the class according to himself 4 A five foot eight as tall as B as tall as five foot eight C as five foot eight tall as D as tall five foot eight as 提示提示 as tall as 意为 高达 后面接表示具体高度的词 例例 2 20052 2005 湖北高考湖北高考 What a table I ve never seen such a thing before It is it is long A half not as wide as B wide not as half as C not half as wide as D as wide as not half 提示提示 形容词同级比较结构中 倍数及否定词都应放在 as as 之前 而且否定词应该放在倍数的前面 例例 3 20043 2004 全国高考全国高考 IIIIII It is reported that the United States uses energy as the whole of Europe A as twice B twice much C twice much as D twice as much 提示提示 同级比较 as as 前加倍数时 倍数一般放在第一个 as 之 前前 例例 4 4 people in the world are sending information by e mail every day A Several million B Many millions C Several millions D Many million 5 提示提示 million 前有具体数字或 several 等词时 要用单数形式 many 一般不与 million 等词连用 表示 数百万 用 millions of 例例 5 5 of the land in that district covered with trees and grass A Two fifth is B Two fifth are C Two fifths is D Two fifths are 提示提示 五分之二是 two fifths 句子的主语是不可数名词 land 谓 语动词要用单数形式 注意注意 例例 1 31 3 事实上都是结合数词考查同级比较结构事实上都是结合数词考查同级比较结构 as asas as 的用的用 法法 英语中表示比较的形式常见的有如下几种英语中表示比较的形式常见的有如下几种 倍数或分数倍数或分数 形容词形容词 比较级比较级 than than 倍数或分数 倍数或分数 as as adjadj as as 倍数或分数倍数或分数 the the 名词名词 of of 表示同级比较用表示同级比较用 as as as as 否定用否定用 notnot as so as as so as thethe same same 名词名词 as as the the 比较级比较级 of of the the 两者两者 表示两者中比较表示两者中比较 的一个的一个 less less adjadj than than 比比 更不更不 not not as as adjadj as as the the 比较级比较级 the the 比比 较级较级 越越 就越就越 dozen dozen score score hundred hundred thousand thousand millionmillion billionbillion 前的数目前的数目 确定或是被确定或是被 severalseveral 修饰时修饰时 不论后面有无不论后面有无 ofof 均不加均不加 s s 分数的分子用基数词分数的分子用基数词 分母用序数词表示分母用序数词表示 如果分子大与如果分子大与 1 1 序数序数 词后加词后加 s s 6 触类旁通触类旁通 1 1 With too many trees cut down of the farmland in that district become desert in the past 50 years A two seventh has B two seventh have C two sevenths has D two sevenths have 2 According to the new investigation unemployment was at about 6 2 half that in France in Germany A a third fewer than B less third than C third fewer than D a third less than 3 It is not rare in that people in fifties were going to university for further education A 90s the B the 90s C 90s their D the 90s their 4 The building about belongs to our company and it is the second tallest building in our city so far A 150 meter high B 150 metress high C 150 meter high D 150 meters high 5 Shortly after the accident two soldiers were sent 7 the spot to keep order A dozen to B dozens up C dozens of for D dozen out 6 Can you imagine that students in our school are using cell phones every day A several hundred B many hundreds C several hundreds D many hundred 7 After the new equipment was introduced our factory turned out in 2004 as the year before A as three times many cars B three times as many cars C as many cars as three times D three times more cars than 8 They have been in the reading room since A a long time B in had been open C eight o clock D two hours 9 I ll never give up not even on try A the 1000 or 10 000 B the 1000 and 10 000 C the 1000th or 10 000th D the 1000th and 10 000th 10 Do you know when broke out 8 A Second World War B the Second World War C World War Second D the World War Two 二 主谓一致 考点解析考点解析 1 由由 and 连接两个名词或代词做主语时 一般连接两个名词或代词做主语时 一般 情况下谓语动词用复数形式 但是如果情况下谓语动词用复数形式 但是如果 and 所连接的两个名所连接的两个名 词指同一人物 同一事物 同一概念时 谓语动词要用单数词指同一人物 同一事物 同一概念时 谓语动词要用单数 形式 形式 例如 Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students 指不同的人 李明和张华是好学生 Both the teachers and the students are here 指不同的人 老师和学生都在这里 The writer and poet lives in the village 指同一个人 这位作家兼诗人主在这个村子里 Husband and wife forms a family 夫妻组成家庭 注意注意 1 由由 every each many a no 等词修饰的名词作主等词修饰的名词作主 语时语时 谓语动词用单数形式 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 9 Each man and each woman is invited 每个男人和女人都受到 了邀请 No boy and girl is there now 现在那里没有一个男孩和女孩 Many a boy and many a girl has been invited 很多男孩和女孩 都被邀请了 In China every boy and every girl has the right to receive education 在中国每个男孩和女孩都有接受教育的权利 2 当两个主语为不可分的东西时 谓语动词用单数形式 当两个主语为不可分的东西时 谓语动词用单数形式 例如 A watch and chain was found on the desk 桌子上发现了表 Bread and butter is nutritious 奶油面包有营养 2 由由 or not only but also either or neither nor 连接连接 主语时主语时 谓语与靠近的主语一致 即就近一致的原则 谓语与靠近的主语一致 即就近一致的原则 例如 Either you or I am mad 要么是你要么是我疯了 Neither you nor he is right 你和它都不对 Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me 不仅老师 而且他的家人都对我很友好 10 3 当主语后跟有当主语后跟有 with along with together with besides except like including as well as rather than 等词时等词时 谓语动谓语动 词根据前面的主语变化 词根据前面的主语变化 例如 All but one were here just now 除了一个 刚才其他所有的 人 都在这里 A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation 有着五千本书的一个图书馆提供给了国家 She as well as the other teachers is going to another park 她和其他老师都要去另一个公园 A farmer together with some workers is about to help us 一个农民和几个工人即将来帮助我们 4 某些词结尾字母为某些词结尾字母为 s 但并不是复数形式但并不是复数形式 如如 physics maths economics 经济学经济学 politics news means works 工工 厂厂 做主语时用单数形式 做主语时用单数形式 例如 Physics is very important 物理是很重要的 Every means has been tried 每一种方法都已经试过了 This works was built in 1982 这家工厂是 1982 年建的 5 表示双部分工具的名称表示双部分工具的名称 衣服名称等作主语时衣服名称等作主语时 谓语用复谓语用复 数形式数形式 如如 trousers shoes glasses goods clothes 如果这些如果这些 11 词由词由 pair piece kind of 修饰修饰 则用单数形式则用单数形式 例如 My trousers are white and his clothes are black 我的裤子是白色的 他的衣服是黑色的 A pair of shoes is lying here 一双鞋放在那里 These kinds of glasses are popular kinds 为复数时 谓语动 词用复数 这几种玻璃很流行 6 单个动名词单个动名词 不定式不定式 从句做主语时从句做主语时 谓语动词一般要用单谓语动词一般要用单 数 数 例如 To see is to believe 眼见为实 Reading is a good way to become educated 读书是变得有教 养的一种好方法 When he will come is not known 他会什么时候来还不知道 7 集体名词集体名词 如如 people police cattle youth 做主语时做主语时 谓语谓语 动词用复数形式 动词用复数形式 例如 The police like to help people 警察乐于助人 The youth of our country are happier than the other people 我们国家的年轻人比别的国家的更幸福 8 集体名词集体名词 如如 family crowd class 等等 如把它们当作整体如把它们当作整体 看看 谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数 如把它们当作若干个体来看如把它们当作若干个体来看 用复数 用复数 12 例如 Our family is very happy 我们的家庭很幸福 My family are all football fans 我的家人都是足球迷 9 表示距离表示距离 时间时间 长度长度 价值价值 金额金额 重量等的词重量等的词 用复数形用复数形 式时式时 谓语动词用单数 如果要表示具体的多少 强调复数谓语动词用单数 如果要表示具体的多少 强调复数 的意义时 谓语动词用复数形式 的意义时 谓语动词用复数形式 例如 Two thousands dollars is a large sum 两千美圆是一大笔钱 Two hours is enough 两个小时就足够了 The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours 获胜者三个小时就走完了这五十英里 10 more than one 名词做主语时 谓语动词用单数名词做主语时 谓语动词用单数 more than two three 名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数 名词作主语时 谓语动词用复数 例如 More than one boy has been there 不止一个孩子去过那里 More than two boys have been there 不止两个孩子去过那里 11 英语中 英语中 the 形容词形容词 可以相当于名词使用 这个结可以相当于名词使用 这个结 构指人时谓语动词用复数构指人时谓语动词用复数 指物时谓语动词用单数 指物时谓语动词用单数 例如 The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it 同意 反 对 有钱人支持这个决定但是穷人反对它 13 The green is hers 这件绿色的东西是她的 12 关系代词关系代词 who that which 等在定语从句中做主语时 等在定语从句中做主语时 其谓语动词的数应该与句中先行词的数一致 其谓语动词的数应该与句中先行词的数一致 例如 I who am only a common worker will retire in two years 只是个普通工人的我两年后就要退休了 高考示例 考例 1 Every possible means to prevent the air pollution but the sky is still not clear A is used B are used C has used D have used 解析 根据第二个句子的时态可以判断出第一句应该用一 般现在时 拓展 考查人称 时态等用法是考试中出现的最多的题目 考查人称 时态等用法是考试中出现的最多的题目 因此 根据上下文来判断人称 时态就显得非常重要 因此 根据上下文来判断人称 时态就显得非常重要 再如 When Mark opened the door he saw a woman standing there He her before A never saw B had never seen C never seen D has never seen 选择过去完成时就是因为第一句的动作是过去的 而空格的 动作在第一句的动作之前发生 所以要尤其注意上下文的提 14 示 考例 2 The population of China over 1 4 billion and eight percent of the population peasants A is are B are is C is is D are are 解析 population 做主语时 指整体人口谓语动词用单数 形式 如果其前面有分数或者百分数词 谓语动词用复数 触类旁通 1 Those who in compositions please hand them in th