初一英语需要掌握的三种时态.doc

卓嘉教育个性化辅导复习资料现在进行时一、概念现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作结构：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.二、 现在分词的构成：1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking2. 如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing如： hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting4. 如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,如: forget-forgetting,prefer-preferring,upset-upsetting试比较 benefit/benfiting, differ/differing,profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写5. 以 -ic 结尾的动词,应先把 -ic 变为 -ick,再加 -ing,eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住三、句型结构：1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词 be ( is / am / are ) 上1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分I am singing . They are writing .2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分I am not singing . They arent writing .3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you arent .Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they arent .4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).2. 缩写形式如下:I am-Im You are-Youre He is-Hes She is-Shes It is-Its We are-Were They are-Theyre3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态四用法：1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情往往与 now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some ones knocking at the door2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作：Hes talking to his friends in the classroom.可用 still 一词强调动作的持续性Hes still talking to his friends in the classroom.3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行Mr. Black is writing another article.Dont take that book away. Your fathers using it.She is learning piano under Mr. Black.4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：Whats your brother doing these days? Hes studying English at Oxford University.5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.6. 表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等The leaves are turning brown.Its getting colder and colder.7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩You are always changing your mind.8. 现在进行时(以及 be going to）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件 Were spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行 程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思： Hes arriving tomorrow morning.9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思：He is always singing at night,and we cant fall asleep late at night. 练习 一.用现在进行时完成下列句子:1. _you_(fly) a kite? Yes,_.2. _you_(sit) in the boat?3. _he_(talk) with me?4. We_(play) football now.5. What_you_(do)?6. I_(sing) an English song.7. What_he_(mend)?8. He_(mend) a car.9. These boys _ (play) tennis on the playground.10. My mother_ (cook) in the kitchen.11. We cant help you,because we _ (have )classes.12. _ the boy _ (write) his homework?13. Look! These butterflies _ (fly) in the sky.14. Listen! The girl _ (sing) in the next room.15. The naughty boy _ (swim) in the river.二.选择1. Look. Lucy is_ a new bike today.A. jumping B. running C. riding D takeing2. The children _ football.A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a3. They _TV in the evening. They do their homework.A. are watching B. cant watching C. dont watch D. dont watching4. Listen! She_ in the classroom.A. is singingB. sing C .to sing D. is sing5. _are you eating? Im eating _ meat.A. What,some B. Which,any C. Where,not D. What,a6. Is she _ something?A. eat B. eating C. eatting D. eats7.My dictionary _,I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost,dont find B. is missing,dont findC. has lost,havent found D. is missing,havent found.8.Having a computer for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changedD. will change9. The building_ ,I cant stand the noise.A. was being built B. is built C. is being built D. builds10. I cant catch up with the fashion,because the clothes style_ all the time.A. has changed B. is changed C. is changing D. changed11. Its six in the afternoon. The Greens_ lunch together.A. has B. are having C. have hadD. had had12. Dont make any noise while the students_ to the class. A. are listening B. listened C. have listened D. had listened13. Jack and Ketty_ in the lake. Lets join them,shall we? A. swim B. have swum C. swamD. are swimming14. Look! The children_ basketball on the playground.A. plays B. played C. is playing D. are playing15. The kite_ high in the sky now. It looks like a big bird.A. has flown B. is flying C. was flying D. flew一般过去时的用法及结构1一般过去时的基本用法一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,lastweek,lastnight,in2003,twodaysago等。【举例】Igotupat6:30yesterday.我昨天6:30起床。Myfatherwasverybusylastweek.我父亲上周很忙。2一般过去时的基本结构肯定句“主语动词过去式其他”或者“主语waswere其他”。【举例】Iplayedtennislastweekend.我上周末打网球了。 Myschooltripwasgreat.我的学校郊游棒极了。否定句“主语didnt动词原形其他”或“主语wasntwerent其他”。【举例】Thegirldidntplaycomputergamesyesterdayafternoon. 这个女孩昨天下午没玩电子游戏。OldHenrywasnthappylastFriday.上星期五老亨利不高兴。一般疑问句“Did主语动词原形其他？”肯定回答为“Yes，主语did”，否定回答为“No，主语didnt”或者“WasWere主语其他？”肯定回答为“Yes，主语waswere”，否定回答为“No，主语wasntwerent”。【举例】Didyougotothebeach?你们去海滩了吗？Yes,wedid.No,wedidnt.是的，我们去了。不，我们没有。WasyourweekendOK?你的周末过得还行吧？Yes,itwas.No,itwasnt.是的，还行。不，不行。特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词一般疑问句（顺序）？【举例】WhatdidLiLeidolastweekend?李雷上周末干什么了？Hevisitedhisgrandparents.他去看了他的祖父母。Wherewereyouyesterday?你昨天在哪儿？Iwasathome.我在家里。为了便于记忆行为动词（实义动词）的一般过去时用法及结构，我们可用以下歌诀来帮助记忆：动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志。否定形式很简单，主语之后didnt添。谓语动词要还原。疑问构成有规则，主语前面加did。过去式的构成be动词和实义动词过去式的构成：系动词be的过去式有两种形式：was和were。其中was是am和is的过去式，were是are的过去式。规则动词过去式的构成：一般在动词末尾加ed。【举例】walkwalkedplayplayed以不发音e结尾的动词末尾只加d。【举例】loveloveddecidedecided结尾是“辅音字母y”的动词。先将y变为i，再加ed。【举例】studystudiedcarrycarried末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写该辅音字母，再加ed。【举例】stopstoppedplanplanned规则动词的过去式构成方法可用以下口诀来记忆：过去式构成有规律，一般词尾加ed如果词尾有个e（不发音的），只需直接加上d。“辅音字母y”在词尾，变y为i加ed。“一辅重闭”作尾巴，双写之后加ed。随堂练习：一写出下列动词的过去式。1.amis_ 2.do_ 3.go_ 4.have_5.isnt_ 6.arent_7.spend_ 8.cook_9.read_ 10.clean_ 11.live_ 12.study_二用适当的词完成下列对话。1.Howwasyourweekend?It_great.What_you_lastweekend?I_somehomework.2. What_she_lastweekend?She_tothebeach.3. What_theydolastweekend?They_tothemovies.三用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1.We_(enjoy)ourselvesatthepartylastnight.2.Jack_(study)fortheEnglishtestlastSunday.3._you_(go)totheGreatWalllastyear?4.Whatday_(be)ityesterday?5.Theoldman_(be)illandwenttoseeadoctor.6.We_(have)apartylastnight.7.We_(visit)themuseumandwenthome.8.How_(be)thestudents?Theywereveryfriendly.9.Heoften_(have)supperathome.Todayhe_(have)supperatschool.10.Wehadgreatfun_(play)inthewater.11.Thatmademe_(feel)veryhappy.12._he_(have)lunchatnine?No,hedidnt.13.They_(buy)aguitaryesterday.四句型转换。1. Hecameherelastmonth.(改为否定句)He_herelastmonth.2. .Theyplayedfootballthismorning.(改为一般疑问句并作简略回答)_they_footballthismorning?Yes,they_.No,they_.3. TheywenttoBeijinglastyear.(就划线部分提问)_they_lastyear.4. TomwatchedTVlastnight.(改为一般疑问句)_Tom_TVlastnight?5. Marydoeshomeworkeveryday.(用lastnight改写句子)Mary_.一般现在时的用法与结构1、一般现在时的定义及构成一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。(1)be(am,is,are)动词：(作谓语动词时)肯定句:主语+be动词(am,is,are)+其它。如：Iamastudent.(主语+be动词+名词)Theyarehungry.（主语+be动词+形容词）Heisout.(主语+be动词+副词)Thatpenismine.(主语+be动词+代词)Iamfifteen.(主语+be动词+数词)Thebikeisunderthetree.(主语+be动词+介词短语)运用am,is,are写三个句子否定句：主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。运用am,is,are写三个句子一般疑问句：Be(am,is,are)+主语+其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,Imnot.运用am,is,are写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Whereismybike?运用am,is,are写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词（what,where,who,when,which,whose,how,howmany,howmuch,whatshape,whatcolour,）,找句子中有没有be动词（is,am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词（特殊疑问句:疑问词+be动词（is,am或者are）或情态动词或者助动词+其他?）(2) 行为动词：主语+行为动词+（其它）。（作谓语动词时)1)主语不是第三人称单数时，肯定句为：主语+动词原形+其它否定式为：主语+dont+动词原形+其它疑问句为：Do+主语+动词原形+其它？e.g.WespeakChinese.DoyouspeakChinese?-Yes,Ido./No,Idont.TheydontspeakChinese.写三个句子2) 当主语是第三人称单数时：(he,she,it,A/An,单独的人或事物:Lily/book)肯定句为:主语+动词（词尾加s或es）+其它。否定式为：主语+doesnt+动词原形+其它.疑问句式：Does+主语+动词原形+其它？HespeaksEnglish.HedoesntspeaksEnglish.-Doesshegotoworkbybike?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesnt.写三个句子特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowork?3)动词+s的变化规则(1)一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks(2)以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes(3)以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：study-studies(3)情态动词（作谓语动词时)(can,could,beableto,may,might,must,haveto,need,shall,