全国医学博士统一考试2001

part III vocabulary 15 1 we are all overwhelmed with more facts and information than we can possibly A feed B maintain C absorb D consume 2 pleasure or joy is vital to health vital 生死攸关的 重大的 生命的 生机的 至关重要的 所必需的 A optimistic pessimistic 悲观的 B optional可选择的 随意的 C optimal 最佳的 最理想的 near optimal 近似最佳 D operational 3 A effort is required to achieve health A committed 承担义务的 忠于既定立场的 坚定的 B restricted C composed镇静的 沉着的 D sophisticated诡辩的 久经世故的 4 A person s belief and colors his experience A contradicts vt 同 矛盾 同 抵触 contradict a statement 驳斥一项声明 contradict oneself 自相矛盾 B shapes shape the destiny of 决定 的命运 C summarizes概述 总结 摘要而言 D exchanges交换 调换 兑换 交流 交易 exchange experience 交流经验 5 Many professors encourage students to question and their idears A conveyvt 搬运 传达 转让 I can t convey my feelings in words 我的情感难以言表 The ambassador personally conveyed the president s message to the premier 大使亲自向总理转达了总统的问候 B voice vt 表达 吐露 He voiced the feelings of the crowd 他表达出群众的情绪 C challengebeyond challenge 无与伦比 无可非议 D conform遵守 符合 to with conform to the customs of society 遵守社会习俗 conform with the regulations 遵守规章 6 You are healthy when are your outer and inner environments A in relation to adv 关于 涉及 与 相比 B with regard toadv 关于 C in contrast with和 形成对比 对照 D in harmony with与 协调 7 Good health is a spirited of energy smooth skin strong supple柔软的 limbs and a positive joy in life spirited 英勇的 high spirited 兴奋的 low spirited 沮丧的 A texture 织品的 质地 木材 岩石等的 纹理 皮肤 肌理 文艺作品 结构 B mix C burst D peakn 山顶 顶点 最高峰 adj 最高的 vi 到达最高点 消瘦 缩小 vt 使竖起 使达到最高点 peak and pine 消瘦 憔悴 8 The of emotional and psychiatric disorders that can prompt person to seek therapy is wide A formula n 公式 规则 客套语 B coverage范围范围 C interval间隔 距离 at long intervals 偶而 间或 at regular intervals 每隔一定时间 每隔一定距离 at short intervals 常常 D spectrum范围 领域 系列 the whole spectrum of industry 整个工业领域 9 Work is a of satisfaction A measur B terminal C source the source of knowledge 知识的源泉 human and non human sources 人力物力资源 D resource 资源 10 If you a heart attack or stroke victim who needs your assistance your first response should be to stay calm and urge催促 力劝bystanders旁观者 to call for an ambulance A find out找出 发现 查明 真相等 认识到 想出 揭发 B go into 进入 加入 探究 变得 C pass by经过 掠过 D come across来到 偶遇 不期而遇 交付 11 Today people still don t make health a n because they have no time A privilege特权 特别待遇 the privilege of parliament 议会 议员 的特权 B issue C principle n 法则 原则 原理 D priorityn 先 前 优先 优先权 You must give this matter priority 你必须优先处理此事 12 Mental exercise can favorably the structure of the brain just as physical exercise can change one s bodily proportions A modify vt 更改 修改 v 修改 modify the terms of a contract 修正合同条款 B adjustvt 调整 调节 校准 使适合 C develop D contrast 13 The distinctions between the different schools and approaches are often very A subtle狡猾的 敏感的 微妙的 精细的 稀薄的 B sufficient充分的 足够的 C superficial 表面的 肤浅的 浅薄的 D superior较高的 上级的 出众的 高傲的 This machine is superior in many respects to that 机器在很多方面比那台好 14 Despite the limitations of a standard CT it does a job of picture the internal anatomy of the body A supremeadj 极度的 极大的 至高的 最高的 supreme courage 最大的勇气 supreme good 至善 B superb 极好的 Mountain scenery is superb 山景是壮观的 C sufficient adj 充分的 足够的 D superfluousadj 多余的 过剩的 过量的 a superfluous remark 多余的话 15 The city government is getting its residents to properly their garbage A break up v 打碎 破碎 分裂 结束 衰落 分解 变坏 驱散 B dispose of v 处理 安排 转让 解决 卖掉 吃光 除掉 C check out v 付帐后离开 检验 合格 及格 D hand out v 把 拿出来 分发 施舍 Part B 同意替换 16 The recent deterioration in the economy is of great concern to the government A depression B deficiency n 缺乏 不足 C degeneration n 恶化 Her health degenerates rapidly 她的健康状况迅速恶化 D deformity n 残缺 畸形 残废 畸形的人或物 17 A substantial hike in the top rate of income tax would not solve this problem but merely aggravate the nation s already waning support 月亮 渐亏的 逐渐减弱或变小的 月亏 A depreciating v 折旧 使 贬值 降低 贬低 轻视 B warning C declining adj 倾斜的 衰退中的 D startlingl adj 令人吃惊的 18 He was not conspicuously hairy nor shiny bald but his hair was graying and receding tactfully in keeping with his age conspicuously 显著地 超群地 hairy 多毛的 毛似的 A prominently 显著地 B warily留心地 小心地 警惕地 be wary of 留意 谨防 C consciously有意识地 自觉地 D conventionally按照惯例 照常套 照老例 19 The water company is obliged to不得不maintain a supply of wholesome water A available B hydraulic 水力的 水压的 feeble hydraulic 弱水力的 C balanced D hygienic 卫生学的 卫生的 20 Smoking makes one six times more likely to get oral cancer partly because the smoke constantly assaults the tissues that line the mouth and throat A detectsvt 察觉 发觉 侦查 探测 v 发现 B contaminates C occupies D attacks 21 Most organisms must fit in with their surroundings because their skills to alter their environment are restricted and highly specialized fit in with v 适合 符合 适应 A attach themselves to v 使依恋 把 放在 B succumb to屈服于 C lean on v 靠着 D adapt themselves to适合 22 Instead of being recycled garbage is left to accumulate in insanitary heaps which attract flies and spread infectious diseases A innocuous 无害的 无毒的 an innocuous drug 无毒的药品 B gathering C filthy不洁的 污秽的 丑恶的 D inflammable 易燃的 易怒的 23 The prevalence of highly intelligent devices has elininated the handicaps associated with most disabilities A disadvantages n 不不利 不利条件 缺点 劣势 disadvantaged adj 贫穷的 处于不利地位的 B dispositions布置 配置 安排 部署 处理 处置 支配 处理权 性情 素质 脾气 倾向 意向 C disappointment D discomforts 24 In general lasers operate by creating an intense amount of light and energy which is then converted into heat and used to control bleeding or destroy diseased tissue A developed B reduced C transformed D decoded vt 解码 译解 25 Shyness the most common form of social anxiety occurs when a person s apprehensions 忧虑 理 解力are so great that they inhibit his making an expected or desired social response A discharge卸下 B trigger vt 引发 引起 触发 n 板机 C restrain vt 抑制 制止 D defer vi 推迟 延期 听从 服从 vt 使推迟 使延期 26 The secret to turning a daily stroll into a meaningful form of exercise is to pick up the pace pick up 掘地 捡起 获得 使恢复精神 加快 看到 随便地认识 加速 A dilate vi 扩大 详述 膨胀 vt 使扩大 使膨胀 B multiply v 繁殖 乘 增加 C accelerate D enlarge 27 How many people know that the term arthritis may refer to dozens of defferent types of joint involvement arthritis n 关节炎 A disorder B knuckle n 指节 关节 C dislocation n 混乱 断层 脱臼 D therapy 28 Amokers are more prone to osteoporosis a major cause of fractures in old people particularly post menopause women A reliable adj 可靠的 可信赖的 B liablebe liable to do sth 易于 得病等 有 做某事的 习惯或倾向有义务 做某事 be liable to sth 易遭 易犯 疾病 C reasonable D compatible谐调的 一致的 兼容的 be compatible with 与 相适应 不矛盾 一致 相似 29 The project was hampered by a constant stream of visitors A held up举起 支撑 继续下去 阻挡 拦截 B cut off v 切断 断绝 剥夺继承权 C carried out v 完成 实现 贯彻 执行 D given up v 放弃 念头 希望等 停止 抛弃 认输 把 送交 对 绝望 give up 30 During the summer session there will be a revised schedule of services for the university community the summer session 夏季学期 A term B climate C heat D portion Part IV cloze 15 Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval worlds while during the fifteenth century the term reading undoubtedly 无庸置疑地meant reading aloud Only during the nineteenth century 31did silent reading become commonplace One should be 32wary however of assuming that silent reading came about 33 because reading aloud is a distraction to others Examination of factors related to 涉及the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual 34mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character The last century 35saw a steady gradual increase in literacy有文化 and thus in the number of readers As readers increased so the number of potential listeners declined and 36thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud As reading for the benefit of 为 的利益listeners grew less common 37so came the flourishing of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries railway carriages ans offices 38where reading aloud would cause distraction to other reders Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books should be used for information or treated respectfully and 39 over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in 40any way mentally weakening Indeed this argument remains with us still in education However 41whatever its virtues the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media大众传媒 on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a specialized readership读者的身分42 on the other hand By the end of the century students were being recommended to 43 adapt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate 44though not impossible for the oral reader The social cultural and technological changes in the century had greatly altered 45what the term reading implied 31 A would B should C did D could 32 A wary be wary of 留意 谨防 B aware C sick D thought 33 A correctly B somply C amply D directly 34 A mode方式 B model样式 C mould模俱 D mood 35 A saw经历 B watched C experienced D concluded 36 A ever B thus C even D for 37 A however B as C so D since 38 A which B whose C where D there 39 A of B in C against D over 40 A no B anyin any way adv 以任何方式 C one D some 41 A whever B whoever C whatever D whichever 42 A on the other B in the secind place C on the contrary D in hand 43 A adapt B adopt C consume D condemn 44 A whether B though C if D unless 45 A that B what C how D why Part V passage one During the past 30 years or so health care 卫生保健has increasing become a form of business In addition另外 the environment surrounding health care has been greatly altered by the advent of 的到来more sophisticated medical technologies and increased specialization专业化 It is no longer true to say that all doctors regard their profession as a sacred calling神圣的职业 and while the doctor patient relationship still remains it is not the relationship based solely on trust which it used to be Of course there are many doctors who have endevored to increase the transparency透明度 of their behavior as medical professionals and patients can receive effective treatment when such doctors work closely together and share notes An example of such cooperation can be found in the field of remote health care which has been introduced on an experimental basis in several regions Since most medical specialists live in cities patients who live in the country have to travel a long distance to consult a specialist This is especially hard on the elderly both financially and physically Through a computer network patients who live in the country can consult请教 a medical specialist in the city tell him their symptoms and receive advice without the need for a journey to the specialist s office Also with several doctors being assigned to a single patient the transparency透明度 of each doctor s behavior is further ensured be assigned to a new post 被派到新的工作岗位 On the other hand however it is also true that remote health consultation is not generally regarded as a form of medical treatment For any sort of consultation to be regarded as medical treatment most people feel that the patient must actually visit the doctor and undergo an examination by the doctor in person亲自 Remote health care is essentially a means for doctors to work as a team In order for this to be practicable it is important to establish a system whereby由此 financial support can be extended to a doctor who as a member of a medical team provides only information Establishment of such a system will further advance the cause目标 of free access自由 存取to information in the health care field 46 Where is the best title for the passage A Doctors Patients Reliable Friends B Health Care in a Dilema C Information Technology Applied to Medical Services D Doctors patient Relationship 47 As a result of the altered environment surrounding health care medical practice A has experienced great changes B has changed its nature C has abolished the doctor patient relationship D has lost its trust on the part of doctors and patients 48 When they work closely together and share notes doctors can A work in a remote area B transparentize their behavior C set up a relationship with patients D treat financially and physically disadvantaged patients 49 The writer urges that A remote health care be implemented B doctors be sent to the country C people turn down trational medical treatment D a system offering doctor s financial aid财政援助 be set up 50 It can be concluded that A information will play an important part in the field of medical treatment B medical professionals will be more specialized C the difference between cities and the country will never be eliminated D it is impossible for patients to be treated without seeing doctors themselves passage 2 For months Gins Cruz a Manila grandmother played Pepsi Cola s 百事可乐 Numbers Fever promotion lottery抽彩给奖法 buying several bottoles a day and saving the caps in the hope that one of the numbers imprinted inside them would win her a 1 million peso 40 000 prize When the magic number 349 was announced in May 1992 Cruz was overjoyed狂喜的to find she has not one but two caps bearing the winning digits She promptly fainted My blood pressure shot up she explained later probably from drinking too much Pepsi Then she learned that her son also had a 349 cap and she nearly collapsed again Cruz s indignation 愤慨 义愤after discovering the next day that she was not after all a double millionaire is shared by thousands of contests who feel equally cheated Instead of marking out 18 winning numbers on which Pepsi had planned a computer had wrontgly generated 800 000 The cmpany explained that it simply did not have the 32 billion it would take to pay all claimants The real winners it said would be identified by a security codes安全码 that had been placed on caps the losers were offered apologies When Pepsi s explanation was not accepted a promotion that initially boosted the company s market share by 5 turned into a mightmare The winners felt like losers of a second surprise lottery the security code had been publicized as an authentication证明 鉴定 tool not as a necessary second winning number Feeling hoodwinked蒙蔽 the players have banded together结合起来 in protest groups fanning anti Pepsi flames at frequent demonstrations and marches More than 22 000 people holding the 349 number have filed提出 689 civil suits 民事诉讼seeking damages赔偿金 as well as 5 200 criminal complaints alleging fraud and deception Some Pepsi employees have received death threats and now change their daily routines to avoid being attacked Explosives have been thrown at Pepsi plants and offices and 37 of the companby s delivery trucks have been stoned overturned or set on fire焚烧 In the worst incident a school teacher and a five year old girl were killed last February when a grenade pitched at a Pepsi truck bounced off and exploded in front of a store 51 The lottery winners expected to A gain 400 000 B earn 800 000 peso C win a substantial prize D become double millionaires 52 The lottery turned into a nightmare when A the number of winners was miscalculated by a computer B the winners discovered that they had the wrong number C the company chganged the winning number to avoid cheating D the company failed to pay che winners the prize the deserved 53 What did the angry winners do when they felt they were cheated by Pepsi A they resorted to law for help B they attacked Pepsi employers C they robbed Pepsi vegicles and stores D they killed the customers of Pepsi Cola 54 It can be inferred from the passage that Pepsi lost in the pomotion lottery A 5 of its annual profits B its market verseas C its good reputation at home D the trust of some of its customers passage 3 Young discoverers need not despair though there are few blanks left on today s map of the world there are still unexplored realms to be charted in the depths of the oceans the most remote recesses of在 的最远处the rain forests and the furthest reaches of outer space太空 Some scientists speculate there may be 10 million species perhaps even 100 million living on the ocean floor that are yet to be discovered Recent research suggests that all told some 90 of the world s plants and animals still remain to be described and named that is if their habits are not destroyed before they are even found Given these remarkable statistics it s clear that the physical world still offers intrepid无畏的explorers new frontiers of discovery In this section on recent discovers of the world around us TIME travels 500m beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean with Bruce Robison as he encounters a new species of luminous jelly we make our way deep into the worls s tropical rain forests where more than half of all life forms on the planet live we look into outer space to examine the role asteroids may have played in mass extinctions of the past and the potential threat they pose to our own civilization and we ask whether there is life intelligent of otherwise智能的或其他方面的 elsewhere in the universe John Hemming former director of London s royal Geographical Society arguably the world s epicenter中心of exploration defines an explorer as someone who goes to the edge of knowledge and brings back something new The people profiled 被简要描述的in this section fit that description perfectly The discoveries they have brought back from their explorations form new pieces in the puzzle of how the world works As the pieces fit together we get a glimpse of what a strange and beautiful mosaic 镶嵌图案 it is 55 What is implied in Paragraph 1 of this passage A Each new discovery offers young explorers new hope B All plants and animals must be found before their habitats are destroyed C Scientists have found more than 100 million species on the earth D These is still much for young discoverers to explore in the world 56 The word intrepid in Paragraph 1 most likely means A marine B professional C couageous D experienced 57 What new disvovery is probably presented in the section that follows this passage A A rare species of plant in the rain forests B a primitive form of life on a remote planet C a technique of developing steroids D A la