英语同步练习题考试题试卷教案高考英语阅读猜词教案

高考阅读理解训练之猜测语义高考阅读理解训练之猜测语义 猜测语义题是近年的高考阅读理解中比较常见的题型 通常在一套试题中有二至三个小题是 直接考查语义猜测的 这种题主要考查考生根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力 突出考查大家对语境 的分析和把握能力 如果考生具备了一定的猜词能力 那么对于降低生词率 排除阅读理解中某 些生词的干扰和最终提高阅读理解速度和阅读能力都有极大帮助 因此 今天我们来谈一谈如何 猜测语义的方法 常见的设问方式 1 The underlined word probably means 2 The word used in paragraph refers to suggests 3 The phrase in the sentence can be replaced by 4 Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word 5 What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph 6 By saying we mean 7 What do you think of the expression stands for 8 The meaning of word in the passage is related to 猜词规律探寻 一 过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后 作者会给出它的定义 同位语 修饰性从句或是定语 这些修饰成分 可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 1 定义句的谓语动词在文中多为 be mean deal with be considered to be refer to be called be known as define 下定义 represent signify 表示 表明 constitute 指 等 2 解释则常用 as you know to be called to mean to refer to that is to say in other words namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释 3 有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义 而复述部分可以是词 短语或从句 4 还有下一些标点符号 如冒号 破折号 括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文 eg 1 The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid that is it could not be tasted seen or smelled 2 The Greek marriage was monogamous men and women were allowed only one spouse 配偶 at a time Exercises 1 Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken 2 Anthropology is the scientific study of man 3 We will meet you in the foyer the entrance hall of the theatre 4 He began to shave his whiskers which had grown thick on both cheeks 5 Some computer scientists are developing artificial intelligence machines that they say will think like people Test 1 There is no cure for Alzheimer s But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms 症状 NMET2004 湖北卷 B 篇 61 What is ARICEPT A A medicine to cure Alzheimer s B A medicine to delay signs of aging C A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer s D A medicine to cure brain damage Test 2 Here is The Pines whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces 2004 福建卷 E 篇 1 According to the passage The Pines is a A place in which you can see many mobile homes B mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 二 利用例证猜测语义 某些阅读文章为了证实或说明某一观点 常会举一些例子 而且时时会用一些标志性语言或 标点符号来引出 如 括号 破折号 冒号等或诸如 for example for instance such as and so on just as like similarity 等连接词或词组 eg 1 You may borrow from the library any periodicals Nature News Week Times and The listener 2 Some artists plan their paintings around geometric forms like squares circles and triangles Exercises 1 Finally the enemy surrendered They threw down their weapons and walked out of the home with their hands over their heads 2 Apply an antiseptic such as alcohol on the skin 3 In the corner there may be a Christmas tree with its branches decorated with shining ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls and sometimes hung with gifts Test The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental offers a wide variety of choices deluxe sedans minivans station wagons coaches Santana sedans are the big favorite NMET2001 全国 A 篇 56 The words deluxe sedans minivans and station wagons used in the text refers to A cars in the making B car rental firms C cars for rent D car makers 三 利用反义关系或同义关系推测语义 1 利用反义关系推测语义 有些生词的后面往往会出现一个或几个反义词 或者表转折意义的连词 词组等 抓住这些 可以帮助我们推断生词语义 标志词有 although but however whereas 反之 nevertheless 然而 不过 on the contrary in contrast 相对 on the one hand on the other hand for one thing for another instead of rather than 等 2 利用同义关系推测语义 通常情况下 英语忌讳实词重复 避免重复的方法之一是利用同义词或近义词加以代替 同 义词替换的修饰方法可以为我们推测词义提供明显的语境线索 标志词有 or like similarly 等 eg 1 104 studies involving 15 000 people is proving that optimism 乐观主义 can help you to be happier healthier and more successful Pessimism leads by contrast to hopelessness sickness and failure and is linked to depression loneliness and painful shyness 2 Mr Smith loves to talk and his wife is similarly loquacious Exercises 1 Though Tom s face has been washed quite clean his neck remains grubby 2 Unlike the United States where many different nationalities make up the population Japan s population is quite homogeneous 3 Written language tends to be static while spoken language constantly changes 4 He replied quickly But after he considered the problem more carefully he regretted having made such a hasty decision 5 Although people in many countries consider raw meat a delicacy 美味 we Chinese people seldom eat any meat that is uncooked Test 1 The gunners like to describe what they do as character building but we knew that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony of dying can make nobody happy 2004 江苏卷 E 篇 1 The underlined word agony in the last paragraph probably means A form B condition C pain D sadness Test 2 The hot air balloon took off It was buoyant in the air as a cork 软木塞 in water 2 The word buoyant in this sentence most probably means A able to be used B able to move from one place to another C able to float or rise to the surface D able to carry anything 四 用语境猜测语义 1 利用 小 上下文推测词义 即利用生词附近的内容推断生词词义 如 I am a resolute man Once I set up a goal I won t give up easily 2 利用 大 上下文推测词义 即利用距离生词较远的内容 如整个段落 篇章等来推断 生词词义 eg Zip was stopped during the war and only after the war did it become popular What a difference it has made to our lives It keeps people at home much more It has made the remote parts of the world more real to us Photographs show a country but only zip makes feel that a foreign country is real Also we can see scenes in the street Big occasions are zipped such as the coronation 加冕典礼 in 1953 and the opening of Parliament Perhaps the sufferers from zip are the notable people who as they step out of an airplane have to face the battery of zip cameras and know that every movement every gesture will be seen by a zip personality Perhaps we can sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped Exercises 1 When I got to the theatre I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting inline I was the first to get there and sure that I could get the ticket without any problem Question The underlined word relieved in the passage may best be replace by A surprised B pleased C produced D sold 2 Apple trees may not grow as tall as twelve metres They do best in areas that have very cold winters Although no fruit is yielded during the winter this cold period is good for the tree Question The underlined word yielded in the last sentence means A improved B increased C produced D sold Test These days a green building means more than just the color of the paint Green building can also refer to environmentally friendly houses factories and offices Green building means reducing the impact of the building on the land Taryn Holowka of the U S Green building council in Washington D C said 61 In the second paragraph the underlined phrase the building most probably refers to A an ordinary building B an energy saving building C a green colored building D a building in Washington D C 五 利用构词法猜测语义 掌握前后缀规律 如 un im in dis il 等前缀与 less 等后缀可构成反义词 后缀 ful ly ism ness 等可改换词性 而合成词要在正确理解两词的基础上 结合上下文把握两词之间的关系 猜测词义 而对词义的转化 也要求结合上下文来猜测 eg 1 Car rentals are becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the road 2 Even when a man is said to be a best friend Rubin writes the two share little about their innermost feelings 3 Impressionism is a form of art which began in the 1870s When you look closely at an impressionist painting you see little dots of different colored paints When you move away from the picture the dots of colors blends and the painting look like it has light playing on the people and objects in the picture Test Without examinations employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them A form of favoritism will replace equality 2004 上海试 C 篇 3 The word favoritism in paragraph 3 is used to describe the phenomenon that A bright children also need certification to get satisfying jobs B children from well respected schools tend to have good jobs C poor children with certification are favored in job markets D children attending ordinary schools achieve great success 六 因果关系猜测词义 常见的因果信号词有 as a result for thus because for this reason so since consequently so that so such that 等 eg She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was to long Exercises 1 The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow 2 He didn t hear my knocking at the door because he was completely engrossed in TV 3 It rained so the football match was postponed 4 The young man was so bashful that he didn t speak to the pretty girl 七 利用文化背景 生活常识猜测词义 运用逻辑推理能力 结合社会文化背景和自身的生活经验以及生活常识 根据上下文能读懂 的部分 可以下正确猜出语义 eg 1 Birds fly with their wings and they pick up their foods and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing seizing pulling or holding objects 2 Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold weather Exercises 1 The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing the car to a sudden stop 2 If a man feels very cold he always huddles himself up 3 What could John expect He had left his wet swimming trunks 游泳裤 in the dark closet for over a week Of course they had begun to mildew 4 A fish breathes in water with gills Test1 Mark got on the motorbike I sat behind him on the pillion and we roared off into the night 1 The word pillion in this sentence probably means A an object used for sleeping B a bay on which on can rest C a seat for second person on a motorcycle D a place for sitting Test2 One of Britain s bravest woman told yesterday how she helped to catch suspected police Killer David Bieber and was thanked with flowers by the police It was also said she could be in line for a share of up to 30 000 reward money 2 The underlined phrase be in line for in paragraph 1 means A get B be paid C ask for D own 八 熟词生义 猜测熟词的陌生意义通常有三种情况 1 该熟词在新的具体语境中有了和原来考生所熟悉的意义不同的意思 2 考查一些代词的指代现象 3 新词在新的语境中变换了词性 eg 1 The major market force rests in the growing population of white collar employees who can afford the new service 2 When men and women lived by hunting 50 000 years ago how could they even begin to picture modern life 3 Many people work to keep animals from being killed Some people help animals as part of their job others do it just because they like animals Question In this paragraph the word their refers to A some people B some animals C many people D many animals 4 Time flies like an arrow fruit flies like a banana 思考 延伸到完形填空 Things were very bad that particular winter Then a letter came from where her sewing machine was brought announcing that they would have to pick up her machine the next day unless payments were brought up to date I remember that when she read the letter I became frightened I could 41 us starving go death and all sorts of things that could come to child s mind 41 A suppose B picture C stand D regret 附录 熟词有新义 1 fire vt 解雇 2 fine vt 罚款 3 fall n 秋天 4 wind vt 使弯曲前进或迂回 蜿蜒 5 lay vt 下蛋 产卵 6 spring n 泉水 弹簧 弹力 vt 跳跃 7 mine n 矿山 vt 开采 矿物 8 can n 罐头 9 bear vt 忍受 10 stand vt 忍受 课后思考还有哪些熟词生义的例子 高考实战训练 2003 北京春招 B 篇 As you move around your home take a good look at the things you have It is likely that your living room will have a television set and a video and your kitchen a washing machine and a microwave oven Your bedroom drawers will be filled with almost three times as many clothes as you need You almost certainly own a car and possibly a home computer holiday abroad at least once a year and eat out at least once a week Now perhaps more than ever before people are wondering what life is all about and what it is for Seeking material success is beginning to trouble large numbers of people around the world They feel that the long hours work culture to make more money to buy more things is eating up their lives leaving them very little time or energy for family or pastimes Many are turning to other ways of living and downshifting is one of them Six percent of workers in Britain took the decision to downshift last year One couple who downshifted is Daniel and Liz They used to work in central London He was a newspaper reporter and she used to work for an international bank They would go to work by train every day from their large house in the suburbs 郊区 leaving their two children with a nanny 保姆 Most evenings Daniel wouldn t get home until eight or nine o clock and nearly twice a month he would have t