安全门禁英文翻译

第一篇翻译 门禁管理系统原理 门禁系统是最近几年才在国内广泛应用的又一高科技安全设施 之一 现已成为现代建筑的智能化标志之一 门禁 即出入口控制 系统 是对出入口通道进行管制的系统 门禁系统是在传统的门锁 基础上发展而来的 英文 ENTRANCE GUARD ACCESS CONTR OL 在现实中访问控制是 我们的日常生活中的现象 一车门上的 锁 本质上是一种形式的访问控制 在一家银行的 ATM 系统是一个 PIN 访问控制的另一种方式 站在一家夜总会门前的安保人员是缺 乏涉及信息技术 也许是更原始的访问控制模式 拥有访问控制是 当人寻求安全 机密或敏感的信息和设施时非常重要的 项目控制或 电子钥匙管理的区域内 和有可能集成 一个访问控制系统 它 涉及到管理小资产或物理 机械 键的位置 一个人可以被允许物 理访问 根据支付 授权等 有可能是单向交通的人 这些都可以执行人员 如边防卫兵 一个看门人 检票机等 或与设备 如旋转门 有可能会有围栏 以避免规避此访问控制 在严格意义上的访问控制 实际控制访问 本身 的另一种方法是一个系统的检查授权的存在 例如 车票控 制器 运输 一个变种是出口控制 例如的店 结帐 或一个国 家 在物理安全方面上的访问控制是指属性 建筑 或授权人一个 房间 限制入口的做法 在这些环境中 物理密钥管理还可以进一步管理和监控机械键 区或某些小资产 物理访问控制访问的一种手段 是谁 地点和时 间的问题 访问控制系统决定谁可以进入或退出 在那里他们被允 许离开或进入 而当他们被允许进入或退出 从历史上看 这已经 部分实现通过钥匙和锁 当门被锁定只有有人用一把钥匙可以通过 门禁 这时取决于锁定如何配置 机械锁和钥匙的钥匙持有人在特 定的时间或日期内允许访问 机械锁和钥匙不提供任何特定的门上 使用的密钥记录 可以很容易地复制或转移到未经授权的人 当机 械钥匙丢失或钥匙持有人不再授权使用受保护的区域 锁必须重新 键入 电子访问控制使用计算机来解决机械锁和钥匙的限制广泛的 凭证可以用来取代传统的机械按键 电子门禁系统授予访问权限是 根据凭据基础上提出的 授予访问权限时 在一个预定的时间里门 被解锁 并记录交易 当访问被拒绝 门保持锁定状态 并尝试访 问记录 如果门被强行打开或被解锁后保持打开时间过长 该系统 还将监控门和报警 访问控制系统决定谁可以进入或退出 在那里他们被允许离开 或进入 而当他们被允许进入或退出 从历史上看 这已经部分实 现通过钥匙和锁 当门被锁定只有有人用一把钥匙可以通过门禁 这时取决于锁定如何配置 机械锁和钥匙的钥匙持有人在特定的时 间或日期内允许访问 机械锁和钥匙不提供任何特定的门上使用的 密钥记录 可以很容易地复制或转移到未经授权的人 当机械钥匙 丢失或钥匙持有人不再授权使用受保护的区域 锁必须重新键入 电子访问控制使用计算机来解决机械锁和钥匙的限制 授予访问权 限时 在一个预定的时间里门被解锁 并记录交易 当访问被拒绝 门保持锁定状态 并尝试访问记录 如果门被强行打开或被解锁 后保持打开时间过长 该系统还将监控门和报警 当凭据提交到读取器 读取器发送的凭证的信息通常是一个数 字 一个控制面板 一个高度可靠的处理器 控制面板比较凭证的 号码 访问控制列表 允许或拒绝所提出的请求 并发送到数据库 的事务日志 当访问被拒绝的访问控制列表的基础上 门保持锁定 状态 如果有一个认证和访问控制之间的匹配列表 控制面板操作的继电 器 反过来门解锁 控制面板还忽略了一个开门信号 以防止报警 通常情况下 阅读器提供反馈 比如一个闪烁的红色 LED 的访问 被拒绝和授予访问权限的 LED 指示灯呈绿色闪烁 凭证可以传来传 去 从而颠覆访问控制列表 例如 ALICE 拥有访问权限的服务器 机房 但鲍勃没有 爱丽丝 要么给出一个鲍勃她的凭据或 BOB 需 要 他现在已经进入机房的服务器 为了防止这种情况 两个因素交 易被使用 在两个因素的交易 凭证和第二个因素是必要的授予访 问权限 另一个因素可以是一个 PIN 一个第二的凭证 操作员的 干预 或生物统计输入 有三种类型的认证信息 因素 用户知道的东西 EGA 密码 密码短语或 PIN 用户的东西 如智能卡 用户的东西 如指纹识别 生物特征测量验证 密码是验证用户的身份访问之前 是考虑到信息系统的常用手 段 此外 第四个因素认证是目前公认的 你认识的人 其他人谁 知道的情况下 系统已设置为允许这样的情况下 你可以提供一个 人的因素身份验证 例如 一个用户可能有自己的密码 但忘记了 自己的智能卡 在这样的场景中 如果用户是已知道指定的队列 队列可以提供他们的智能卡和密码的组合 与现存的因素 有问题 的用户从而为用户提供两个因素缺少凭据 和三个因素整体以允许 访问 现在 随着人们生活水平的提高和技术的进步 越来越多的 本地需求 如小区出入口 车库入口 和其他公共场所的门禁控制 系统需求越来越大 许多不同类型的门禁控制系统 因为它有不同 的特点 所以不使用的地方 由于其较高的安全性 更好的便利性 和成本效益的访问控制系统 IC 卡门禁系统成为主流 IC 卡技术 目前被广泛应用在各个行业 特别是公共交通 无线通信 识别 金融交易安全和国防等行业 访问控制系统通过进口和出口管制 限制人员和车辆进入控制区 以确保控制区域的安全 CCESS 数据库软件用于实现对软件系统 数据库的服务 门禁控制系统软件易于使用 简单的特点 运营商并 不需要一个专业的电脑操作水平 本研究着重于地下车库的访问控 制系统 访问控制系统的要求有着一个明确的方向 这样的设计 是指无线射频技术 使用计算机控制的 IC 卡读写器的读取和写入 凭据 凭据是一个物理 有形物体 一块知识 或一个人的身体的存在 给定物理设备或计算机为基础的信息系统 或单个接入的一个方 面 通常情况下 凭证可以是你知道的东西 如号码或 PIN 你 所拥有的 如接入徽章 你的东西 如生物特征 或一些组合这 些项目 典型的凭据是门禁卡 钥匙链 或其他关键物品 有许多 卡磁条 条形码 韦根 125 KHZ 感应技术 包括 26 位刷卡 接触 式智能卡 非接触式智能卡技术 此外 还包括密钥钥匙环 这是 比身份证更紧凑和重视的关键一环 典型的生物识别技术 包括指 纹识别 面部识别 虹膜识别 视网膜扫描 声音和手形 门禁控制系统的组成 访问控制点 它可以是一门 旋转门 停车场门 电梯 或其 他物理障碍 授予访问可以通过电子控制 通常情况下 无线接入 点是一门 电子访问控制门可以包含多个元素 在其最基本的是一 个独立的电子锁 由操作者用一个开关就锁被解锁 自动化 操作 员的干预被读者所取代 阅读器可以是一个键盘输入代码 它可能 是一个读卡器 或者它可能是一个生物体的读者 读者不能决定访 问 但卡号发送到门禁管理面板 门禁管理面板拥有验证号码与一 个访问列表 若要监视门开关的位置 使用磁性门开关 在概念上 与冰箱开关门或汽车门是没有什么不同的 一般只有进入是被控制 的但退出是不受控制的 在出口是受控制的情况下 第二读取器用 于开关门侧位上的 退出在没有控制的情况下 自由退出 设备称 为请求退出 RTE 请求到出口装置的可以是一个按钮 或一个 运动检测器 在门口当按钮被按下或运动检测器检测到运动 门被 打开时 暂时忽略门报警 而退出无需电打开门一门被称为机械的 自由出口 这是一个重要的安全功能 电锁必须在退出解锁的情况 下 要求对出口装置也打开门 门禁管理系统的拓扑结构 访问控制决策是由门禁控制列表的凭据组成 此表可以是由一 读者 主机或服务器 访问和控制面板来完成 门禁管理系统的发 展 已经推动了从中央主机系统的边缘查找 或读的发展 大约 20 09 是占主导地位的拓扑枢纽和辐射带控制面板的辐条的轮毂和读者 查找和控制功能是通过控制面板上 查找和控制功能是通过控制 面板来完成的 辐条通过串行连接 通常是 RS485 通讯 一些制造 商通过在门口放置一个控制器来推动决策 该控制器支持 IP 能连 接到主机 并使用标准的网络数据库 读者类型 门禁管理读者由他们能够执行的功能来被分类 基本 非智能 读者 简单地读取卡号或密码 并将它转发 到控制面板 在生物特征识别的情况下 这样的读者输出用户的 ID 号码 韦 根协议通常用于将数据传送到控制面板 但其他选项 如 RS 232 RS 485 和时钟 数据的情况并不少见 这是最流行类型的访问控 制读者 这样的读者的例子是 RF 微型 RFLOGICS PROX 点 HID P300 远东足尖数据 半智能的读者 半聪明的读者 有必要控制所有输入和输出 控制门的 硬件 锁 门接触 退出按钮 但不作任何访问的决定 当 用户提供一个卡或输入 PIN 读取器的信息发送到主控制器 并等 待其响应 如果访问到主控制器的链接中断 这样的读者在这样降 级模式的情况下停止工作或功能 通常 半聪明的读者通过 RS 485 总线连接到控制面板 这样的读者的例子是 INFOPROX 的精简 版 IPL200 的 CEM 系统和 AP 510 智能的读者 控制所有必要的输入和输出控制门的硬件 他 们也有独立进行访问决策所需的内存和处理能力 同半聪明的读者 比 他们通过 RS 485 总线连接到控制面板 控制面板发送配置更 新和检索事件的读者 这样的读者可以是 INFOPROX IPO200 CEM 系统和 AP 500 也有聪明的读者称为 IP 读者 的新一代 系统的 IP 读者通常不具备传统的控制面板 读者直接与作为主机 PC 的沟通 这样的读者的例子是 通过 ISONAS 安全系统的 POWERNET 的 I P 读卡器 ID08 索卢斯 有内置的 WEB 服务 它的用户界面友 好 边缘 ER40 读者 HID GLOBAL 的通过 ASPISYS 的 LOGLOCK U NILOCK 有限公司 SUPREMA 公司的 BIOENTRY PLUS 读卡器 有些读者可能有额外的特征 如能数据收集 即打卡事件的考勤 报表 的液晶显示屏和功能键 摄像头 喇叭 麦克风 对讲 智能卡 读 写支持 门禁读卡器也可以通过识别技术的不同来类型 基于属性的访问控制 在基于属性的访问控制 ABAC 不是基于主体与用户身份 验证 而是根据用户的属性 一个基于属性的访问控制策略 必须 满足授予访问权限的对象 例如 要求可能是 18 岁以上 任何用 户都可以证明这种说法被授予访问权限 用户可以用匿名身份验证 和识别 对此并没有严格要求 例如 这可以使用匿名凭据或 XAC ML 可扩展访问控制标记语言 来实现 The Access control system Access control system is widely used in recent years and it is one of the high tech and safety equipment has become one of th e intelligent signs of modern architecture Access control the exp ort and the entrance control system is to control the export and en trance channel system Access control system is developed on the basis of the traditional locks Entrance Guard Access Control in E nglish Access control is in reality an everyday phenomenon A lock on a car door is essentially a form of access control A PIN on an A TM system at a bank is another means of access control Bouncers standing in front of a night club is perhaps a more primiti ve mode of access control given the evident lack of information technology involved The possession of access control is of prime importance when persons seek to secure important confidential o r sensitive information and equipment Item control or electronic ke y managementis an area within and possibly integrated with an access control system which concerns the managing of possession and location of small assets or physical mechanical keys Physical access by a person may be allowed depending on payment authorization etc Also there may be one way traffic of p eople These can be enforced by personnel such as a border guar d a doorman a ticket checker etc or with a device such as a turn stile There may be fences to avoid circumventing this access control An alternative of access control in the strict sense physica lly controlling access itself is a system of checking authorized pre sence see e g Ticket controller transportation A variant is exit c ontrol e g of a shop checkout or a country In physical security t he term access control refers to the practice of restricting entrance to a property a building or a room to authorized persons Physical access control can be achieved by a human a guard bouncer or receptionist through mechanical means such as locks and keys or through technological means such as access control systems lik e the Access control vestibule Within these environments physical key management may al so be employed as a means of further managing and monitoring a ccess to mechanically keyed areas or access to certain small asse ts Physical access control is a matter of who where and when An access control system determines who is allowed to enter or ex it where they are allowed to exit or enter and when they are allow ed to enter or exit Historically this was partially accomplished thro ugh keys and locks When a door is locked only someone with a k ey can enter through the door depending on how the lock is config ured Mechanical locks and keys do not allow restriction of the key holder to specific times or dates Mechanical locks and keys do not provide records of the key used on any specific door and the keys can be easily copied or transferred to an unauthorized person Wh en a mechanical key is lost or the key holder is no longer authorize d to use the protected area the locks must be re keyed Electronic access control uses computers to solve the limitations of mechani cal locks and keys A wide range of credentials can be used to repl ace mechanical keys The electronic access control system grants access based on the credential presented When access is grante d the door is unlocked for a predetermined time and the transactio n is recorded When access is refused the door remains locked an d the attempted access is recorded The system will also monitor t he door and alarm if the door is forced open or held open too long after being unlocked When a credential is presented to a reader the reader Sends the credential s information usually a number to a control panel a highly reliable processor The control panel compares the credential s number to an access control list grants or denies the p resented request and sends a transaction log to a database Whe n access is denied based on the access control list the door remai ns locked If there is a match between the credential and the acce ss control list the control panel operates a relay that in turn unlock s the door The control panel also ignores a door open signal to pr event an alarm Often the reader provides feedback such as a flas hing red LED for an access denied and a flashing green LED for a n access granted The above description illustrates a single factor t ransaction Credentials can be passed around thus subverting the access control list For example Alice has access rights to the ser ver room but Bob does not Alice either gives Bob her credential or Bob takes it he now has access to the server room To prevent thi s two factor authentic can be used In a two factor transaction th e presented credential and a second factor are needed for access to be granted another factor can be a PIN a second credential op erator intervention or a biometric input There are three types factors of authenticating information something the user knows ega password pass phrase or P IN something the user has such as smart card something the user is such as fingerprint verified by bio metric measurement Passwords are a common means of verifying a user s identity before access is given to information systems In addition a fourth factor of authentication is now recognized someone you know wh ere another person who knows you can provide a human element of authentication in situations where systems have been set up to allow for such scenarios For example a user may have their pass word but have forgotten their smart card In such a scenario if the user is known to designated cohorts the cohorts may provide thei r smart card and password in combination with the extant factor of the user in question and thus provide two factors for the user with missing credential and three factors overall to allow access Now as people s living standards improve and technology advances mo re and more local needs of access control system such as resident ial entrance garage entrance the entrance and other public place s Many different types of access control system because it has dif ferent characteristics so do not use the place IC card access cont rol system because of its higher security better convenience and c ost effective access control system into the mainstream IC card t echnology is currently widely used in various industries particularl y public transport wireless communications identification financial transactions and security and defense industries Access control s ystem through the import and export control limiting staff and vehi cles entering controlled areas to ensure that controlled regional se curity This study focuses on the underground garage access contr ol system which the requirements of the access control system wit h a clear direction this design refers to radio frequency technology the use of computer control of the IC card reader for reading and w riting ACCESS database software used to implement software sys tem database services using Visual Basic6 0 to design software w ith which the various common controls designed to log basic infor mation equipment management card management query manag ement system management a window Body The IC access contro l system software with easy to use simple features the operator d oes not need a professional computer operating level Credential A credential is a physical tangible object a piece of knowledg e or a facet of a person s physical being that enables an individua l access to a given physical facility or computer based information system Typically credentials can be something you know such a s number or PIN something you have such as an access badge something you are such as a biometric feature or some combina tion of these items The typical credential is an access card key fo b or other key There are many card technologies including magn etic stripe bar code Wiegand 125 kHz proximity 26 bit card swip e contact smart cards and contactless smart cards Also available are key fobs which are more compact than ID cards and attach to a key ring Typical biometric technologies include fingerprint facial recognition iris recognition retinal scan voice and hand geometry Access control system components An access control point which can be a door turnstile parkin g gate elevator or other physical barrier where granting access ca n be electronically controlled Typicallythe access point is a door A n electronic access control door can contain several elements At it s most basic there is a stand alone electric lock The lock is unlock ed by an operator with a switch To automate this operator interve ntion is replaced by a reader The reader could be a keypad where a code is entered it could be a card reader or it could be a biome tric reader Readers do not usually make an access decision but s end a card number to an access control panel that verifies the num ber against an access list To monitor the door position a magnetic door switch is used In concept the door switch is not unlike those on refrigerators or car doors Generally only entry is controlled and exit is uncontrolled In cases where exit is also controlled a secon d reader is used on the opposite side of the door In cases where e xit is not controlled free exit a device called a request to exit RT E is used Request to exit devices can be a pushbutton or a motio n detector When the button is pushed or the motion detector detec ts motion at the door the door alarm is temporarily ignored while th e door is opened Exiting a door without having to electrically unloc k the door is called mechanical free egress This is an important sa fety feature In cases where the lock must be electrically unlocked on exit the request to exit device also unlocks the door Access control topology Access control decisions are made by comparing the credenti al to an access control list This lookup can be done by a host or s erver by an access control panel or by a reader The developmen t of access control systems has seen a steady push of the lookup out from a central host to the edge of the system or the reader Th e predominate topology circa 2009 is hub and spoke with a control panel as the hub and the readers as the spokes The lookup and c ontrol functions are by the control panel The spokes communicate through a serial connection usually RS485 Some manufactures a re pushing the decision making to the edge by placing a controller at the door The controllers are IP enabled and connect to a host a nd database using standard networks Types of readers Access control readers may be classified by functions they are able to perform Basic non intelligent readers simply read card number or PIN and forward it to a control panel In case of biometric identification such re aders output ID number of a user Typically Wiegand protocol is u sed for transmitting data to the control panel but other options suc h as RS 232 RS 485 and Clock Data are not uncommon This is t he most popular type of access control readers Examples of such readers are RF Tiny by RFLOGICS Prox Point by HID and P300 by Far pointe Data Semi intelligent readers have all inputs and outputs necessar y to control door hardware lock door contact exit button but do not make any access decisions When a user presents a card or e nters PIN the reader sends information to the main controller and waits for its response If the connection to the main controller is int errupted such readers stop working or function in a degraded mod e Usually semi intelligent readers are connected to a control panel via an RS 485 bus Examples of such readers are InfoProx Lite IP L200 by CEM Systems and AP 510 by Apollo Intelligent readers have all inputs and outputs necessary to c ontrol door hardware they also have memory and processing pow er necessary to make access decisions independently Same as s emi intelligent readers they are connected to a control panel via an RS 485 bus The control panel sends configuration updates and r etrieves events from the readers Examples of such readers could be InfoProx IPO200 by CEM Systems and AP 500 by Apollo Ther e is also a new generation of intelligent readers referred to as IP r eaders Systems with IP readers usually do not have traditional co ntrol panels and readers communicate directly to PC that acts as a host Examples of such readers are PowerNet IP Reader by Isona s Security Systems ID08 by Solus has the built in webservice to m ake it user friendly Edge ER40 reader by HID Global LogLock an d UNiLOCK by ASPiSYS Ltd and BioEntry Plus reader by Suprema Inc Some readers may have additional features such as LCD and function buttons for data collection purposes i e clock in clock out events for attendance reports camera speaker microphone for int ercom and smart card read write support Access control readers may also be classified by the type of identification technology Attribute based access control In attribute based access control ABAC access is granted n ot based on the rights of the subject associated with a user after a uthentication but based on attributes of the user The user has to prove so called claims about his attributes to the access control en gine An attribute based access control policy specifies which clai ms need to be satisfied in order to grant access to an object For in stance the claim could be older than 18 Any user that can prove this claim is granted access Users can be anonymous as authenti cation and identification are not strictly required One does howeve r require means for proving claims anonymously This can for insta nce be achieved usinganony