初中英语语法.doc

初中英语语法：介词to的用法归纳一：表示相对，针对be strange (common, new, familiar, peculiar, distinct, sensitive,immune, vulnerable, indispensable) toAir is indispensable to life.Aircrafts are vulnerable to interference caused by radiation.This injection will make you immune to infection.二：表示对比，比较1：以-ior结尾的形容词，后接介词to表示比较，如：superior ,inferior,prior,senior,juniorThe quarrel happened prior to my arrival.2: 一些本身就含有比较或比拟意思的形容词，如equal，similar，equivalent，analogousA is similar to B in many ways.3：表示一些先后顺序的形容词，如：second,subsequent,next,preliminary,preparatorySubsequent to the war,they returned to their hometown.4: to也偶尔出现在个别动词之后,与动词形成固定词组,表示比较,如:prefer to,compare to,incontrast tocompare to sth.表示比喻或比拟,而compare with sth.表示比较,如:World is usually compared to a stageCompared with his past,he has changed a lot.Prefer的正确句型是:prefer A to B或prefer doing A to doing B,但当prefer后接动词不定式时,表示比较的介词to就要改成rather than ,如:The undaunted soldier preferred death to surrender.Many people prefer spending money to earning money.They prefer to pursue careers rather than remain home as house wives.5: to与及个别的名词构成比较之意,如:alternativeGoing to an under water concert is a great alternative to going to dinner.三: 表示修饰关系1: 表示回复,反应意思的词,如:answer to question,solution to problem,response to inquiry,reaction to proposal,reply to letter2: 表示建筑构件的词汇,如: entry,entrance,approach,access,passage,exit,vent,paththe approach to a bridge引桥the approach to scienceHalf of the population was estimated to have no access to the health service.The access to education 接受教育的机会The access to medical care 享受公费医疗的权利3: 表示人物职位和官衔的词,如:assistant to manager, ambassador to Spain, successor to tradition,heir tothrone,deputy to the National Peoples Congressadvisor to the Prime Minister4: 表示权利和许可的词汇,如:right,admissionThe employee finally got the admission to the boardroom.Everyone has an equal right to .5: 表示栅栏或障碍的词汇,如:bars to development,the barrier to progress6: 表示与书籍,文本相关的词,如:introduction to passage.7: 表示恭喜或是祝贺,如:The director proposed a toast to the health of the guests.Lets drink to Dicks success in business8: 另外还有一些名词符合这种用法,有的具有两者息息相关,缺一不可的含义.如:key todoor,invitation toparty,guide to action,limitation to life,accessory to school四: to还具有依据,伴随,和着节奏的含义,如:sing to piano, chance to the tune, stamp to the rhythm of the song, add salt to taste(一)：表示相关联，相连接，如：be related to,be relative to,in relation to,be relevant to,link toInvestigate all the facts related to the problem.People often linked walth to happiness.(二)：表示反对和赞同。1：to引导的表示反对，抗拒，对抗意义的词组。Be opposed to,be oppsist to,be contrary to,beadverse to,beresistant to,be contradictory to,object to,oppose to,deny tp,be aline toThese buildings are resistant to earthquake.They are to tally opposed to any changes being made in the plans.2: to引导的表示同意，赞同意义的词组：consent to,subseribe to,The employer consented to give him a salary raise.表示调整，使符合，使适应的含义，如：adapt to,commodate to, adjust to,conform to,habituateto,fit to,suitto,correspond to,cater toShe tried to habituate herself to the style of plain living.Your action should conform to the interests of the people.They offered various foods to cater to the need of customers.His words doesnt fit to his actions.Suit your writing style to the masses.3: 表示投降,屈服,服从的含义,如:be subject to,be subordinate to,submit to,subject to,surrenderto,give into,confess to,admit to.The minority is subordinate to the majority少