高中英语 Unit 4 Global warming期末知识梳理 新人教版选修6

1 人教新课标版高二选修六人教新课标版高二选修六 UnitUnit 4 4 GlobalGlobal warmingwarming 期末知识梳理期末知识梳理 一 训练导入一 训练导入 I I 考纲单词考纲单词 写出下列考纲词汇的词性和汉义 如果不止一个词性学生自行增补词性及相应汉义 1 fuel 2 quantity 3 tend 4 data 5 flood 6 oppose 7 mild 8 state 9 range 10 glance 11 steady 12 widespread 13 average 14 outer mitment 16 pollution 17 growth 18 contribution 19 nuclear 20 disagreement II II 核心短语核心短语 e 发生 造成 2 go 上升 升起 增长 3 be to 反对 4 keep 继续 5 the whole 大体上 基本上 6 on 平均来看 7 and so 等等 8 of 大量的 2 9 result 导致 10 on of 代表 一方 作为 的代言人 二 知识精讲二 知识精讲 I I 重点词汇重点词汇 1 phenomenon n 現象 奇迹 罕见的人才或事物 phenomena pl 典例 1 Rain and snow are phenomena of the weather 雨雪是天气现象 2 Beethoven was a phenomenon among musicians 贝多芬是音乐家中的天才 3 the phenomena of nature 自然现象 4 a social phenomenon 社会现象 2 tend vt 趋向 往往是 照管 护理 重点用法 tendency n 趋向 倾向 常与 to towards 连用 典例 1 Most of boys tend to enjoy playing basketball 大部分男孩都喜欢打篮球 2 The older women tend to believe in strangers easily 老人更容易轻信陌生人 3 A team of medical workers were sent to tend the survivors of wenchuan Earthquake 一组医护人员被派去照料汶川地震的幸存者 4 Nowadays there is a growing tendency for people to shop on internet 如今人们 网上购物有增加的趋势 3 state vt 声明 陈述 n 状况 情况 国家 重点用法 state 名词 that 从句 wh 从句 statement n 声明 陈述 典例 1 She is in a terrible state today 她今天心情不好 2 the head of state 国家首脑 3 He has publicly stated his support for the policy 他已公开声明他会支持那项 政策 4 range n 行列 范围 vt 排列 归类于 重点用法 beyond the range of 超越 的范围 out of one s range 某人达不到的 3 range oneself 站在 的方面 range from to between and 从 到 不等 5 average adj 平均的 一般的 普通的 中等的 n 平均 平均数 典例 1 His average result of this three subjects is 96 他三科的平均成绩是 96 2 The average of 4 8 and 60 is 24 4 8 和 60 的平均数是 24 重点用法 above the average 高于平均水平 below the average 在一般水平以下 on the average 平均 按平均数计算 一般地说 6 existence n 生存 典例 1 Anything in existence is reasonable 所有的存在都是合理的 2 In the middle age no one doubted about the existence of God 中世纪时没人怀 疑上帝的存在 重点用法 in existence 存在 exist v 存在 7 refresh v 使 精神振作 使 精力恢复 更新 典例 1 When tired you can refresh yourself with a cup of tea 困时喝杯茶提神 2 Refresh storage battery in case of being out of energy halfway 给蓄电池充电 以免半路没电 3 The host refreshed our teacups 主人又为我们斟茶 II II 重点词组重点词组 e about 发生 典例 1 How did this come about 这是怎么发生的 2 I don t know how it came about but I ve got a dent in the rear of my car 我不知道是怎么回事 但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕 短语归纳 come along 出现 发生 come out 出来 长出 come to 达到 4 come to oneself 苏醒 醒悟 come up with 赶上 提出 2 quantities of 大量的 典例 1 Before they enter an entrance examination they have to do quantities of exercise 在参加入学考试前 他们得做大量的练习 2 He drinks large quantities of water every day 他每天都喝大量的水 短语归纳 A large quantity of quantities of 名词 可数 不可数 A mount of amounts of 不可数名词 注意 以上短语修饰名词充当主语时 由 quantity amount 的单复数决定谓语的单复数 3 result in 导致 典例 1 Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration 紧张和疲劳常使 人精神不集中 2 Acting before thinking always results in failure 做事不先考虑总会导致失败 3 The accident resulted in the death of two people 这场意外事故造成两人死亡 4 Excessive dosage of this drug can result in injury to the liver 这种药使用 过量会损害肝脏 短语归纳 lead to 作 导致 result from 由 产生 as result 因此 结果 as a result of 作为 的结果 由于 without result 无效地 毫无结果地 4 be opposed to 反对 典例 1 All the states in UN were opposed to the war launched by Israel 所有的联合国 成员国都反对以色列发起的这场战争 2 Many residents in Guangzhou are opposed to the plan of tearing down the old buildings 广州许多居民反对拆毁旧房子的计划 短语归纳 5 表示反对 disagree with object to be against 表示赞成 agree with be in favour of be for 5 on behalf of 代表 一方 典例 1 My husband could not be here tonight but l want to thank you on his behalf 我丈夫今晚因故不能前来 我代表他向你们致谢 2 We attended the global conference on behalf of our country 6 put up with 忍受 容忍 典例 1 I m not going to put up with this 我再也受不了啦 2 We have to put up with her bad temper 我们只得忍受她的坏脾气 3 Noise is coming to the point where we can t put up with it 噪音快到我们无法 忍受的地步 短语归纳 put aside 节省 put away 储存 put down 写下 put off 延期 put out 熄灭 put up 举起 7 so long as 只要 典例 1 As long as you don t betray me I ll do whatever you ask me to do 只要你不出卖我 要我做什么我都愿意 2 As long as live I will help you 只要我活着 我都会帮助你 3 As long as you drive carefully you will be very safe 如果你开车小心 你就 会很安全 4 I don t mind as long as it doesn t rain 只要不下雨就行了 短语归纳 on condition that 在 的条件下 III III 重点句型重点句型 Some byproducts of this process are called greenhouse gases the most important one of which is carbon dioxide 这个升温过程的一些副产品就叫 温室 气体 其中最重要的就是二氧化碳 解释 one all every each part of which whom 引导的定语从句 表示 他 它 们 中的一个 所有 每 部分 典例 1 I have three good friends all of whom have emigrated to U S A 我有三个好朋 6 友 他们都移民美国了 2 Here are many kitties two of which are yellow 这有许多小猫 其中两只是黄色 的 三 语法突破三 语法突破 ItIt 的用法 的用法 2 2 1 用作形式主语 代替由不定式 或不定式复合结构 表示的真正 主语 It is better to lose a friend than to do this 与其这样做到不如失去一个朋友 It is fun for her to study but it is difficult to study and work at the same time 对于她来 说学习是有趣的 可是要边 工作边学习对她来说是困难的 2 It 系动词 形容词 或名词 of for sb 不定式短语 若 要说明动词不定式的动作是由谁 做的时候 后接 for sb 能用于 这个句型的形容词有 difficult hard easy possible necessary important 等 如说明动词不 定式的逻辑主语的性质 品质 特性时 后接 of sb 能用于这 个句型的形容词有 nice kind wise clever foo lish stupid bright right wrong silly 等 例如 It s very kind of you to call 你能给我 打电话真是太好了 It s difficult for us to understand what she said 我们很难理解她说的话 3 It takes took sb some time to do sth 表示 花费某人 多少时间做某事 例如 How long will it take you to complete the trip 完成这次旅行你要花多长时间 4 It makes 宾语 宾补 不定式 例如 It makes me uncomfortable to go swimming in such a cold day 在这样冷的 天气里游泳 使得我非常不舒服 It 用 作 引 导 词 5 It be time for sb 不定式 例如 It s time for us to go to school 我们该 去上学去了 It s high time that Robert went to 7 school 罗勃特该去上学的时间了 6 It 系动词 形容词或名词 名 词性从句 真正的主语是名词性 从句 用于此句型中的名词词 组常见的有 a pity a shame no wonder a fact an pleasure a surprise 等 如 果形容词是表示建议 命令 要 求等意义 从句中的谓语动词常 用动词原形或省略 should 这类常 见的形容词有 necessary important possible strange good lucky interesting glad 等 例如 It s a pity that I didn t think of it earlier 很可惜我没有早点考虑它 It is necessary that the young learn to use the computer 青年人学习使用电脑是十 分必要的 7 It 系动词 过去分词 名词性 从句 常用于此句型的分词有 said told reported known announced expected believed thought 等 在表示建议 要求 命令等意义 的被动句中 从句中的谓语动词 常用 should do 形式 这类常见 的过去分词有 desired suggested advised requested ordered proposed commanded 等 例如 It is said that People say that the meeting will be put off till next Friday 据说会议将推迟到下周五举行 It is known that People know that nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it 众所周知 世上无难事 只 怕有心人 8 It 系动词 现在分词 名词性 从句 例如 It isn t surprising that he should marry her 他娶她没有什么惊奇的 It s inspiring that we ve won the first three games 真令人鼓舞我们开头这三场比 赛都赢了 9 It look seem appear happen that clause 此句型 It happened that I knew which room she lived in 我碰巧知道他住哪间房 8 可转化为不定式结构 常见的此 类动词有 seem happen appear worry matter 例如 It worried him that his hair has turned a little white 使他烦恼的是他的头发变的 有点白了 It seems that he was late for the train 看来他没有搭上火车 10 真正的主语是动名词 It be no use good help doing sth 此句型中的 it 作形式主语 动名词作真正主语 适用于这个 句型的形容词有 use useless good worthwhile 等 例如 It was no use talking to them 和他们谈 论是没有用处的 It is no use asking him to come now He is busy 请他现在就来是徒劳的 他很忙 11 在动词 think find consider feel make believe expect 等后 作 形式宾语 例如 He found it important to study the situation of Russian 他发现研究俄国形势 是很重要的 We consider it not useful to do it 我们 认为做那事是没有用的 This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly 这就使得工 农业必须飞速发 展 12 主语 谓语 it 宾补 名词性从 句 例如 They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job 他们要向公众表明 他们的 工作不但重要而且是必不可少的 2 it 引导 的几 个容 易混 淆的 句型 有 1 It be 的适当形式 时间 since 从句 这个句型表示从 since 从句中的 谓语动作发生以后到现在或过去 所经过的一段时间 意为 自 从 以来已多久了 例如 It is or has been a year since returned home 我回家已有一年 当主句的表语是 表示时间的累积数时 允许主句用现在一般 时 本句不能改为 I have returned home for a year It is a month since I called you up 我 已有一个月未给你打电话了 本句原意是 自从我上次给你打电话起 到现已有一个月 9 了 It is already a year since she was an engineer 她不当工程师已有一年 不是 她当工程师已有一年 2 It be 的适当形式 时间 before 从句 此句型中的时间一般为表示 一段时间的词语 如 long years months weeks d ays hours minutes 等 主句中 的谓语动词用肯定式 意为 过 多长时间才 主句谓语动 词用否定式时 意为 没过多长 时间就 如 It won t be long before we meet each other 我们不久就会见面的 It was not long before she recited those poems 没过多久她就背下了那些诗 3 It be 的适当形式 时间 when 从句 在这个句型中 it 指时间 而 且表示时间的词语前没有介词 时 间一般为具体时间 主句中的谓 语动词和从句中的谓语动词在时 态上一般是一致的 主句是 will be 时 when 从句用一般现在时代 替一般将来时 如 It was already 10 o clock when we got home 当我们到家时已经十点了 It will be midnight when they get there 他们到达那里时将会是半夜 考题印证考题印证 1 2012 陕西卷 13 No matter where he is he makes a rule to go for a walk before breakfast A him B this C that D it 解析 D 考查代词 所填词做使役动词 make 的形式宾语 真正宾语是 to go for a walk 选 D 2 2012 全国 II 9 Sarah made to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning A herself B this C that D it 解析 D 考查代词的用法 此处 it 是形式主语 代替后面的不定式短语 句意 Sarah 10 今天早上成功地及时到达了机场赶上了她的航班 3 2012 四川卷 2 New technologies have made possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost A that B this C one D it 解析 D 本题考查代词 题干为固定句型 make it adj to do 其中 it 作形 式宾语 替代动词不定式 to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost 句 意为 新兴科技已经使得更快地 以更低的成本生产新产品成为可能 真题体验真题体验 1 2011 天津卷 1 We feel our duty to make our country a better place A it B this C that D one 2 2011 山东卷 24 The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other A it B them C her D that 3 2011 江西卷 25 Why don t you bring to his attention that you re too ill to work on A that B it C his D him 4 2011福建卷 33 It was April 29 2001 Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony A that B when C since D before 5 2011四川卷 6 As it reported it is 100 years Qinghua University was founded A when B before C after D since 6 2010 陕西 John thinks it won t be long he is ready for his new job A when B after C before D since 7 2011 河南郑州四中第一次调研 26 worries me the way he keeps changing his mind A This B That C What D It 8 2011 陕西宝鸡质量检测 felt funny watching myself on TV A OneB ThisC ItD That 9 2011 山东济宁模拟一 worries me the way he keeps changing his mind A This B That C What D It 10 2011 北京丰台区模拟一 The foreign minister said our hope that the two sides will work towards peace 11 A This is B There is C That is D It is 答案解析答案解析 1 解析 A 考查代词 it 的用法 句意为 我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职 责 it 在此句中充当形式宾语 代指 to make our country a better place 因 此选 A 2 解析 A 考查 it 的用法 句意为 这两个女孩长得很相像 不熟悉的人很难将她俩 区分开来 it 在此句中充当形式宾语 代指 to tell one from the other 因此 选 A 3 解析 B 考查代词 it 作形式宾语的用法 句意为 为什么你不让他注意到你病得太 严重了以至于不能工作下去 it 作形式宾语 指代句子后面 that 引导的宾语从句 因 此选 B 4 解析 B 考查时间状语从句 句意为 2001 年 4 月 29 日 威廉王子和凯特步入了婚 姻的殿堂 5 解析 D 考查状语从句 It is 时间段 since 从句 谓语为一般过去时 为固定句型 故 答案 选 D 句意为 正如所报道的那样 自从清华大学建校以来已 有 100 年时间了 6 解析 C 考查状语从句 所填词引导状语从句 构成 It will be 时间段 状语从 句 意思是 过多久才将 选 C 7 解析 D 考查代词的用法 此处 it 作形式主语 真正的主语是 the way he keeps changing his mind 是 the way 的定语从句 8 解析 C 考查代词的用法 it 为形式主语 真正的主语为动名词短语 watching myself on TV 9 解析 D 考查代词的用法 他不停地改变他的想法让我很烦恼 这是一个主语从句 the way he keeps changing his mind 是主语从句 it 是形式主语 10 解析 D 考查代词的用法 it 作形式主语 真正的主语是其后面的 that 引导的主 语从句 四 单元自测四 单元自测 第一节第一节 单项选择单项选择 1 Is it to you that the government is having a hard time now A of much important B of much consequence C of very important D of many consequence 2 Something must be done to the river from A stop being polluted B stop polluting C prevent pollution D keep polluted 12 3 There quantities of apples in the basket and there was milk in the bucket A were a number of B was quantities of C was a good many D were a quantity of 4 we get good weather it will be a successful holiday Which is wrong A So long as B Provided that C So long D On condition that 5 Go for a picnic this weekend ok I love getting close to nature A I don t think so B I believe not C I couldn t agree more D I am afraid not 6 Now where is my purpose We will be late for the picnic A Come on B Don t worry C Take your time D Take it easy 7 It was not until 1999 regular radio broadcast began A while B which C that D since 8 Can it be in the restaurant we had dinner last Sunday you left your wallet A where where B where that C that where D that that 9 What s the matter with you the window my finger was cut unexpectedly A Cleaning B To clean C While cleaning D While I was cleaning 10 The other day my brother drove his car down the street at I thought was a dangerous speed A as B which C there D what 11 with the size of the whole earth the biggest ocean does not seem big at all A Compare B When comparing C Comparing D When compared 12 Please tell me how the accident I am still in the dark A came by B came out C came to D came about 13 The accident the death of two passengers A resulted from B resulted in C resulted of D resulted with 14 It was 1969 the American astronauts succeeded in landing on the moon 13 A that B when C on which D which 15 we ll go camping A weather permits B If weather will permit C weather permitting D weather permitted 第二节第二节完形填空 共完形填空 共 2020 小题 每小题小题 每小题 1 51 5 分 满分分 满分 3030 分 分 阅读下面的短文 从短文后所给各题的四个选项 A B C 和 D 中 选出可以填入 空白处的最佳选项 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑 About 15 years ago I was studying at a university in Germany The people with whom I 1 most of my time were a group of friends Sometimes we went out together for 2 but most of the time we did our own parties back at someone s home First we sat and talked and at some point during the night we 3 the chairs and tables and started 4 It may not sound that special when I write about it 5 what was special to me was the 6 we shared for each other For example in the eyes you saw support you saw laughter You 7 there was always a shoulder you could lean on Time passed by and we all went our own ways 8 our own goals I made my way passing Ireland and India for several years Now just a few days ago I 9 one of my old friends again We sat and talked and after 15 years we shared our 1