深度阅读题(带部分翻译附答案)

Paper MorePaper More thanthan MeetsMeets thethe Eye Eye 纸 超越视觉 A We are surrounded by so much paper and card that it is easy to forget just how complex it is 我们周围有那么多的纸 和卡片 很容易忘记它是多么复杂 There are many varieties and grades of paper materials 有很多品种和等级的纸张材料 and whilst 同时 时时 有时 it is fairly 相当地 公平地 简直 easy to spot the varieties it is far more difficult to 它 是 困难得多 spot the grades 虽然它是相当容易的发现品种 更很难发现等级 B B ItIt needsneeds toto bebe understoodunderstood thatthat mostmost paperpaper andand cardcard isis manufacturedmanufactured forfor a a specificspecific purpose purpose soso thatthat whilstwhilst thethe corn flakecorn flake 玉米片玉米片 packetpacket maymay looklook smart smart itit isis clearlyclearly notnot somethingsomething destineddestined for for 发发 给给 注定会注定会 thethe archives archives a kaivz 档案档案 ItIt isis mademade toto looklook good good butbut onlyonly needsneeds a a limitedlimited lifelife span span 跨度 范围跨度 范围 ItIt isis alsoalso muchmuch cheapercheaper toto manufacture manufacture 产品产品 制造制造 thanthan highhigh gradegrade card card C Paper can be made from an almost endless variety of cellulose based 基于纤维素 material which will include many woods cottons and grasses or which papyrus p pa r s p pa r s n 纸莎草 纸莎草纸 is an example and from where we get the word paper Many of these are very specialized but the preponderance n 优势 多数 占优势 of paper making has been from soft wood and cotton or rags 破布 抹布 with the bulk 大部分 being wood based 木质的 Paper from Wood D In order to make wood into paper it needs to be broken down into fine strands 细线 Firstly by powerful machinery n 机械 机器 and then boiled with strong alkalies n 碱金属 碱性液 such as caustic soda 氢氧化钠 until a fine pulp 纸浆 果肉 of cellulose fibers 纤维素纤维 is produced It is from this pulp that the final product is made relying on the bonding 粘合 together of the cellulose n 纤维素 into layers 层 层次 膜 That in a very small nutshell 坚果的外 壳 小的东西 小容器 is the essence n 本质 实质 精华 of paper making from wood However the reality is rather more complicated In order to give us our white paper and card the makers will add bleach n 漂白剂 and other materials such as china clay 陶土 瓷土 and additional chemicals E A further problem with wood is that it contains a material that is not cellulose Something called lignin 木质素 This is essential 基本的 必要的 本质的 for the tree since it holds the cellulose fibres together but if it is incorporated 合并 包含 into the manufactured paper it presents archivists with a problem 它提出了档案的问题 Lignin eventually breaks down 分解 发生故障 失败 and releases acid products into the paper This will weaken the bond between the cellulose fibers and the paper will become brittle 易碎的 脆弱的 易生气的 and look rather brown 棕色的 and careworn 忧心忡忡的 饱经忧患的 疲倦的 We have all seen this in old newspapers and cheap paperback books It has been estimated that 据估计 most paper back books will have a life of not greater than fifty years Not what 而不是 什么 we need for our archives F Since the lignin can be removed from the paper pulp during manufacture the obvious question is why is it left in the paper The answer lies in the fact that lignin makes up a considerable 相当大 的 重要的 值得考虑的 part of the tree By leaving the lignin in the pulp a papermaker can increase his paper yield 产量 收益 from a tree to some 95 Removing it means a yield of only 35 It is clearly uneconomic to remove the lignin for many paper and card applications 卡应用 G It also means of course that lignin free paper is going to be more expensive but that is nevertheless conj 然而 不 过 what the archivist must look for in his supplies There is no point whatsoever 无论什么 in carefully placing our valuable artifacts in paper or card that is going to hasten 加速 催促 their demise 加速自己的灭亡 Acid is particularly harmful to photographic 摄影的 materials causing them to fade and is some cases simply vanish 使不见 使消失 H So how do we tell a piece of suitable paper or card from one that is unsuitable You cannot do it by simply looking and rather disappointingly 而令人失望的是 you cannot always rely on the label 标签 商标 Acid free might be true inasmuch adv 因 的原因 as a test on the paper may indicate that it is a neutral material 中性的材料 at this time But lignin can take years before it starts the inevitable process of breaking down 不可避免的分解的过程 and in the right conditions 正确的条正确的条 件件 it will speed up enormously 巨大地 庞大地 非常地 I Added to this as I have indicated earlier 我之前已经表示 paper may also contain other materials added 补充 during manufacture such as bleach 漂白剂 china clay chemical whiteners 增白剂 漂白剂 and size 化学美白产品和规模 This looks like a bleak 黯淡的 无希望的 picture and it would be but for the fact that there are suppliers who will guarantee the material that they sell If you want to be absolutely sure that you are storing in or printing on the correct material then this is probably the only way 正确的材料 那么这可能是唯一的方法 J Incidentally 顺便 偶然地 acids can migrate from material to material Lining old shoe boxes 李宁旧鞋盒 with good quality acid free paper 无酸纸 will do little to guard the contents 不保护的内容 The acid will get there in the end 酸 最终会到达那里 Paper from Rag n 破布 碎屑 K Paper is also commonly made from cotton and rag waste This has the advantage of being lignin 木质素 free but because there is much less cotton and rag than trees it also tends to be 它 也往往会 much more expensive than wood pulp paper You will still need to purchase from a reliable 可 靠的 source though since even rag paper and card can contain undesirable 不受欢迎的 讨厌的 不方便 的 不良的 additives 不良的添加剂 L A reliable source for quality 一个质量可靠的来源 rag papers is a recognized art stockist 是一个公认的抹布纸艺术 经销商 Many water color artists 水彩艺术家 insist on using only 坚持只使用 fine quality rag paper and board 抹布纸和 纸板 M The main lesson to learn from this information 从这信息的主要教训 is that you cannot rely on purchasing archival materials 档案资料 from the high street 大街 主要街道 The only safe solution is to purchase from specialist suppliers 专业 的供应商 It may cost rather more but in the end you will know that your important and valuable data and images have the best home possible 1 The corn flake packet 玉米片包 is cheaper than high grade card 优质的卡片 2 There are a lot of materials which can be used for making paper but the superiority ones are soft wood cotton and rags 3 During the whole manufacturing process the final product is made from a pulp of cellulose fibres 4 In order to make white paper and card the makers will add bleach 5 Lignin is essential for the tree but it will make paper easy to break 6 Many paper producers will preserve lignin during manufacture because leaving the lignin will make more paper from a tree 7 Acid is particularly harmful to photographic materials 8 If the lignin is removed from the paper the paper will be more expensive 9 Although free of lignin paper made from cotton and rag waste can also cost more money than wood pulp paper 木浆纸 because there is much less cotton and rag than trees 棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多 10 What we can learn from Paper from Rag is that you had better buy archival materials from specialist suppliers 文章精要 本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性 通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程 使我们对纸的类 别 属性有了更深入的了解 1 B 根据题干中的信息提示词 corn flake packet high grade card 可定位到文章第二段 该部分最后提到 corn flake packet 在制造过程中比高等级的纸 high grade card 便宜 2 C 根据题干中的信息提示词 soft wood cotton and rags 可定位到文章第三段最后一句 3 D 根据题干中的信息提示词 final product 可将答案定位到 D 段 第二 三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维 素纸浆 4 D 根据题干中的信息提示词 white paper and card 可将答案定位到 D 段 该部分最后提到为了得到白纸 纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质 5 E 根据题干中的信息提示词 essential for the tree 可将答案定位到 E 段 该部分提到木质素是木头的主 要组成物 其作用是凝聚纤维素 但它会使纸张变得易碎 6 F 根据题干中的信息提示词 lignin 可将答案定位到 F 段 该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会 保留木质素 主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量 7 G 根据题干中的信息提示词 acid 可将答案定位到 G 段 该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利 8 F 根据题干中的信息提示词 lignin 和 paper 可定位到文章的 F 段 因为该段提到 如果在纸张的生产中去除 木质素 将会降低树木出产纸张的量 由此可以知道 去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵 9 K 根据题干中的信息提示词 cotton and rag waste 可定位到文章的 K 段 该部分告诉我们 尽管用棉花和破 布料造的纸里没有木质素 但它们要比木制的纸贵很多 这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多 由此可以得出 答案 10 M 根据题干中的信息提示词 Paper from Ra9 可定位到文章的最后一段 该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那 里去买档案材料 由此可以得出答案 HowHow toto MakeMake AttractiveAttractive andand EffectiveEffective PowerPointPowerPoint PresentationsPresentations A Microsoft PowerPoint has dramatically 戏剧地 引人注目地 changed the way 已经发生了很大的变化 in which academic 学术 and business presentations 演示 are made This article outlines n 轮廓 概要 v 概括 few tips 本文概述了一些技巧 on making more effective and attractive PowerPoint presentations The Text B Keep the wording clear and simple 保持用词简单明了 Use active visual language Cut unnecessary words a good rule of thumb n 拇指 好的做法 is to cut paragraphs down 删节 削减 砍倒 to sentences sentences into phrases 短语 词组 and phrases into key words Limit the number of words and lines per slide 每张幻灯片的单词和行数限制 Try the Rule of Five five words per line 每行尝试 Five five 单词的规则 five lines per slide If too much text appears on one slide use the AutoFit feature to split 分离 使分离 it between two slides Click 点击 使发咔哒声 within the placeholder 占位 符 to display the AutoFit Options button 自动调整选项按钮 its symbol is two horizontal 水平的 lines with arrows above and below 带箭头的上面和下面的 then click on the button 点击这个按钮 and choose Split Text 选择分割文本 between Two Slides from the submenu 子菜单 C Font size 字体大小 for titles should be at least 36 to 40 while the text body should not be smaller than 24 Use only two font styles 字形 per slide one for the title 标题 and the other for the text Choose two fonts that visually contrast with each other 视觉上的对比 Garamond Medium Condensed and Impact 加拉蒙介质冷凝的影响 are good for titles while Garamond or Tempus Sans can be used for the text body D Embed 把 嵌入 the fonts in your presentation 演示文稿 if you are not sure whether the fonts used in the presentation are present 介绍 出现 提出 赠送 in the computer that will be used for the presentation 如果你不确定是 否使用的演示文稿中的字体 将被用于演示的计算机 To embed the fonts 1 On the File menu click Save As 单击 另存 为 2 On the toolbar 工具栏 click Tools click Save Options select the Embed TrueType Fonts check box 选择嵌入 TrueType 字体 复选框 and then select Embed characters in use only 然后选择只使用嵌入字符 E Use colors sparingly 节俭地 节约的 少量的 拘谨地 two to three at most You may use one color for all the titles and another for the text body 正文体 Be consistent from slide to slide 从幻灯片幻灯片是一致的 Choose a font color that contrasts well with the background 与背景形成了鲜明对比 F Capitalizing v 用大写字母写或印刷 将 转作资本 the first letter of each word 每个单词的第一个字母大写 is good for the title of slides and suggests a more formal situation than having just the first letter of the first word capitalized 大写 的 表明一个比刚刚更正式的场合第一个单词的第一个字母大写 In bullet 着重号 子弹 point lines capitalize the first word and no other words unless 除非 如果不 they normally appear capped v 给 戴帽 覆以 除非他们通常出现覆 盖 Upper and lower case lettering 字体 刻字 大写和小写字母 is more readable 易读的 易懂的 than all capital letters 大写字母 Moreover 而且 此外 current styles indicate that using all capital letters means you are shouting 大声讲 If you have text that is in the wrong case 在错误的情况下 select the text and then click Shift F3 until it changes to the case style that you like Clicking Shift F3 toggles the text case 切换文本案例 between ALL CAPS lower case 小写 and Initial 初始 Capital styles G Use bold 明显的 醒目的 or italic 斜体的 typeface 字体 字样 for emphasis 使用粗体或斜体字 体强调 Avoid underlining 避免强调 it clutters up 使散乱 the presentation Don t center bulleted lists or text 不要中心项目符号列表或文本 It is confusing to read 这是令人困惑的阅读 Left align 左 对齐 unless you have a good reason not to Run spell check 拼写检查 on your show when finished The Background H Keep the background consistent Simple light textured 有织纹的 织构化的 backgrounds work well 光的 背景纹理工作得很好 Complicated textures make the content hard to read If you are planning to use many clips 片断 in your slides select a white background If the venue 犯罪地点 场所 场地 of your presentation is not adequately 充分地 light proof 不透光的 如果你演讲的地点是不充分的防光 select a dark colored background and use any light color for text Minimize the use of bells and whistles 尽量避免使用附加的修饰物 such as sound effects 声效 flying words and multiple transitions Don t use red in any fonts or backgrounds It is an emotionally overwhelming color that is difficult to see and read 这是一个压倒性的感情色彩的颜色 很难看到和阅读 The Clips 剪辑 I Animations are best used subtly too much flash and motion can distract and annoy viewers 动画是最好用巧妙的 太 多的 Flash 和运动可以分散和烦人的观众 Do not rely too heavily on those images that were originally loaded on your computer with the rest of Office 不要太依赖那些原本装在您的计算机与其他办公室的图像 You can easily find appropriate clips on any topic through Google Images 你可以很容易地在任何话题上通过谷歌图片找到合适的片段 While searching for images do not use long search phrases as is usually done while searching the web use specific words 通常发生 在搜索其他网络特定的单词不使用长搜索短语 J When importing pictures make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes 兆字节 and are in a 确保他们是小于两 个字节 jpg format jpg 格式 Larger files can slow down your show Keep graphs 图 charts 图表 and diagrams 图解 简 图 图表 simple if possible Use bar graphs and pie charts instead of tables of data 使用条形图和饼图代替数据表 The audience can then immediately pick up the relationships 观众可以马上不费力地学会关系 The Presentation 演示文稿 陈述 报告 介绍 赠送 K If you want your presentation to directly open in the slide show view 如果你想让你的演讲直接在 幻灯片视图中打开 save it as a slide show file using the following steps Open the presentation you want to save as a slide show On the File menu click Save As In the Save as type list click PowerPoint Show Your slide show file will be saved with a ppt file extension 文件扩展名 When you double click on this file it will automatically start your presentation in slide show view When you re done PowerPoint automatically closes and you return to the desktop 桌面 台式机 If you want to edit the slide show file you can always open it from PowerPoint by clicking Open on the File menu 如果你想编辑幻灯片文件 你可以打开它从点击打开 PowerPoint 文件菜单 L Look at the audience not at the slides whenever possible 只要有可能 尽可能 If using a laser pointer 激光指针 don t move it too fast For example if circling a number on the slide do it slowly Never point the laser at the audience Black out the screen use B on the keyboard after the point has been made 点了黑色的屏幕后 使用键盘上的 B to put the focus on you Press the key again to continue your presentation 再次按下键 M You can use the shortcut 捷径 被切短的东西 command 快捷命令 Ctrl P to access the Pen tool during a slide show 在幻灯片访问钢笔工具 Click with your mouse and drag to use the Pen tool to draw during your slide show To erase everything you ve drawn press the E key To turn off 关掉 the Pen tool press Esc once Miscellaneous Miscellaneous m s le n s m s le n s adj adj 混杂的 各种各样的 多方面的 多才多艺的混杂的 各种各样的 多方面的 多才多艺的 N Master Slide Set Up 主幻灯片设置 The master slide will allow you to make changes that are reflected on every slide in your presentation 会让你做出反映在演示文稿中每张幻灯片的变化 You can change fonts colors backgrounds headers 标头 页眉 and footers 页脚 at the master slide level First go to the View 视图 menu Pull down the Master menu Select the slide master 幻灯片母版 menu You may now make changes at this level that meet your presentation needs 1 The ways in which academic and business presentations are made have been changed by Microsoft PowerPoint 微软 PowerPoint 改变了学术和商业演示的方式 2 When making the PowerPoint the wording of the text should not be complicated 文本的措辞不应该 复杂 3 In each slide the font styles for the title and the text should contrast with each other 相互对比 4 A more formal situation is capitalizing the first letter of the first word 一个更正式的情况是大写第一个字的第一个字 母 5 Centering 集中 定中心 bulleted lists or text can not help to read 围绕项目符号列表或文字不 能帮助阅读 6 Sound effects should be used as less frequently as possible 7 When importing pictures make sure that they are smaller than two megabytes 8 When making the presentation you should look at the audience as possible as you can 做演讲时 你应该尽可能看看听众 9 Pressing the E key can help you to erase everything you ve drawn 10 In order to meet 满足 your presentation needs you can make changes at the slide master level 1 A A 段讲到了微软的 PowerPoint 对学术及商业陈述形式的改变 可以直接定位到文章的首段 2 B 根据题干中的信息词 wording of the text 定位到第一个小标题下的第一段 3 C 根据题干中的信息词 the font styles for the title and the text 定位到 C 段 4 F 根据题干中的信息词 more formal situation 和 capitalizing 定位到第一个小标题下的 F 段 5 G 根据题干中的信息词 Centering bulleted lists or text 定位到第一个小标题下的 G 段 6 H 根据题干中的信息词 Sound effects 定位到第二个小标题下的 H 段 Minimize the use of bells and whistles such as sound effects 7 J 根据题干中的信息词 importing 和 two megabytes 定位到第三个小标题下的 J 段 8 L 根据题干中的信息词 look at the audience 定位到第四个小标题下的 L 段 9 M 根据题干中的信息词 Pressing the E key 定位到第四个小标题下的 M 段 10 N 根据题干中的信息词 make changes at the slide master level 定位到文章的最后一段可得答案 As the 11 of life 生命 continues to increase we are fast losing 很快失去 the art of relaxation 松弛的艺术 Once you are in the habit of 习惯 rushing through life 匆忙的生活 being on the go from morning till night 从早到晚 it is hard to slow down 慢下来 But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it In fact it is not the bad thing it is often 12 to be A certain amount of stress 一定量的压力 is 13 to provide motivation and give purpose to life 有目的的生活 It is only when 只有当 the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor 14 and ill health The amount of stress a person can 15 depends very much on the individual Some people are not afraid of stress and such characters are 16 prime 主要的 最好的 material 适当人选 for managerial responsibilities 管理职责 Others lose heart at the first signs of 17 difficulties When exposed 暴露 to stress in whatever form we react both 我们都会产生 chemically and physically In fact we make choice between fight or flight 飞行 班机 逃走 and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so 18 but however little the stress it involves the same response 涉及到同样的反应 It is when such a reaction lasts long 持续长时间 through continued 19 to stress that health becomes endangered 濒临灭绝的 Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress 与压力有关 Since we cannot 20 stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could 这将是不明智的 即使我们能这样做 we need to find ways to deal with it A cancel B pace 一步 步速 步法 C extreme D automatically E remove F vital G performance H supposed 假定 I rate J exposure 暴露 曝光 揭露 陈列 K achievement L unusual M obviously N withstand 抵挡 禁得起 反抗 O harsh 严厉的 严酷的 刺耳的 粗糙的 刺目的 11 11 B B 12 12 H H 13 13 F F 14 14 G