探讨怎样构建初中物理有效课堂教学的策略.docx

在初中物理课堂教学中，寻求有效课堂教学，提高教学质量是每个教师教学活动的根本目标，传统的教学观、学生观、教师角色和教学行为是影响教学有效性的主要原因。课堂教学的有效性是教学设计的生命，是学校教学活动的一个基本追求，它直接关系到教学的质量和人才的培养。因此，本文结合自己多年的教学实践，论述了初中物理课堂教学的有效性策略。一、师生关系和谐，是构建初中物理有效课堂的基础现在的初中生逆反心理很重，学生最不能容忍那些损害他们自尊心的教师，对学生讽刺、挖苦、冷漠、体罚或变相体罚等有伤学生尊严和不利学生个性发展的手段，只能引起学生的逆反心理和对抗情绪，造成师生关系紧张。教师对学生无微不至的关怀，必然会引起学生爱的反馈，因为学生感受了老师的关怀和爱护，产生了愉快的情绪体验，对老师就会更热爱更信赖。学生就自然会把老师当成知心朋友，愿意向老师敞开心扉，吐露秘密。师生心灵相通了，彼此就像有了一座无形的桥梁，思想的交流，知识的传递，就畅通无阻了，师生关系就会越来越密切。如果学生怕答错问题被老师批评而不举手或站在那里有话不说，那么这常常是由于教师居高临下，使学生产生畏惧心理而造成的，这必然会妨碍课堂教学的顺利进行。如果任课老师在课堂上多一些微笑，多几句鼓励的话语，多主动与学生进行沟通，坚持“无错原则”，那么，课堂上必然会出现积极举手、各抒己见的场面。教师在初中物理课堂教学活动中发展了良好的情感关系，教师关爱学生，学生尊重自己喜欢的老师，情感促使他将这种感觉迁移到教学上，学生爱屋及乌就特别喜欢这位教师的课，从而提高了学生的学习热情，调动学生内在的心理潜能，使学生的认知变得敏锐，记忆获得增强，思维变得灵活，让学生在轻松的环境下发挥其创造能力。二、注重学生的质疑，激发和保持学生的学习兴趣物理学是一门以观察和实验为基础的学科，是研究物质结构和相互作用及其运动基本规律的学科。在学习物理时，学生能发现问题，并且提出问题，这是他们主动钻研学习的表现，他们提出的问题往往超越了教师的预想，甚至会让你措手不及。有的教师死守教案，从不考虑学生的实际需要，对学生真实的有价值的问题置之不理，对学生有创意的认识随意否定，这样很难激发和保持学生的学习兴趣。教师是学生的帮助者和指导者。因此，在初中物理教学活动中，教师应该充分发扬民主，创设良好的学习氛围，尽量让更多学生提出问题。教师要鼓励学生大胆质疑，让学生在疑中产生问题，在疑中产生兴趣，才能找到学生的增长点。初中学生好奇心强，利用有趣的实验能增强学生好奇心；鲜明、生动的物理实验，能激发学生的求知欲望。例如，在讲解大气压强时，利用橡皮碗吸玻璃板的实验，很容易吸引学生的注意力，抓住他们好奇心理，然后逐步启发引导学生分析。这样学生印象深刻。还可以利用近代的物理知识的“新”“奇”来激发学生的学习兴趣。例如，利用高温超导、磁悬浮现象、纳米技术等，唤起学生的求知欲望，激发他们树立献身科学的理想。这样的教学方式不仅激发了学生的学习兴趣，也提高了物理课堂教学的有效性。三、使用关联性教学，拓展学生想象空间关联性教学是指在初中物理课堂教学过程中，教师可以根据物理课程自身的特征，利用物理模型以及物理同其它事物的关联性进行教学探究。另外，物理也是与其他课堂联系比较紧密的课程，因此可以在课堂教学中建立与相邻学科的关系，这样不仅有利于学生加深物理知识的印象，而且有利于学生掌握其它学科的知识点，认识到学习物理的重要性。同时，不仅能够让抽象的知识更加具体，而且有利于对其它课程的学习，对于建立物理模型来讲也有重要的现实意义。四、创设情境引导学生探究学习，提高课堂教学的有效性爱因斯坦说：“学习知识要善于思考、思考、再思考，我就是靠这个学习方法成为科学家的。”学起于思，源于疑，有疑问、有思考，学习的真谛矣！科目教学教会学生的不仅仅是一些基本知识，更应该注重学生的学习能力提升，特别是学生的独立学习能力。物理新课标提出：让学生经历科学探究程，培养学生的探索精神。俗话说：“授人以鱼，不如授人以渔”，说的是授人以鱼只供一餐之需，不如授人以渔，学到捕鱼的本领。因此，在初中物理课堂教学过程中，作为教师不仅要教学生知识，更重要的是要教学生学习方法，教会学生学习，培养学生的学习能力，提高课堂教学的有效性。为此，教学中，教师要善于结合情境，积极的通过创设问题情境，把知识问题融于情境中引导学生探究学习，使其充分经历问题的发现、问题的提出、问题的研究、问题的解决、新问题的提出等全过程，培养学生的自主探究学习能力，提高教学的有效性。综上所述，要构建有效的初中物理有效性课堂教学，教师就需转变教学观念，在激发学生学习兴趣的基础上以课堂教学模式的改革来促进学生的知识的构建，关注学生的个体差异，通过分层训练、丰富课外活动来促进学生的技能培养，这样才会更加有效。In the junior middle school physics classroom teaching, to seek effective classroom teaching, improving teaching quality is the fundamental goal of every teachers teaching activity, the traditional teaching, students, teachers role and teaching behavior is the most important influence on the effectiveness of teaching. The effectiveness of classroom teaching is the life of the teaching design, is a basic pursuit of teaching activity, it is directly related to the quality of teaching and talent training. Therefore, combined with their years of teaching practice, this paper discusses the effectiveness of the junior middle school physics classroom teaching strategies.A, a harmonious relationship between teachers and students, is the foundation of the construction of junior middle school physics classroom effectivelyNow the junior middle school students of rebellious attitude is very heavy, students cannot bear most teachers that hurt their self-esteem of students irony, sarcasm, indifference, corporal punishment or corporal punishment in disguised forms and other injured students dignity and adverse means of students personality development, can cause students rebellious attitude and backlash, straining the relationship between teachers and students. Takes good care of teachers to students, will inevitably cause the feedback of the students love, because students feel the teachers care and love, has a pleasant emotional experience, the teacher will be more love and trust. Students will take the teacher as a bosom friend, is willing to open up to your teacher, your secrets. Empathy between teachers and students, each other like a invisible bridge, the exchange of ideas, knowledge transfer, unimpeded, the relationship between teachers and students will be more and more closely.If a student is afraid of wrong problem being criticized by the teacher stood there without hands or have words do not say, so this is often due to teachers commanding, causes the student to produce fear, it will inevitably hinder the classroom teaching smoothly. If the teacher in the classroom more smile, more than a few words of encouragement, take the initiative to communicate with students, adhere to the no fault principle, so, inevitable actively raise your hand in class, the views of the scene.Teachers in junior middle school physics classroom teaching activities to develop a good emotional relationship, teachers love students, students respect teachers that oneself like, emotion encourage he will migrate to the teaching of this kind of feeling, students love me, love my dog is particularly fond of the teachers class, so as to improve the students learning enthusiasm, arouse students intrinsic psychological potential, make the students cognitive, memory enhancement, thinking become flexible, lets the student in relaxed environment to develop its creative ability.Second, pay attention to students question, motivate and keep students interest in learningPhysics is a based on observation and experiment of discipline, is the study of material structure and the fundamental principles of interaction and its movement. In learning physics, students can find problems, and puts forward problems, this is their initiative on learning performance, they put forward the problems often transcend the teacher thought, even will let you off guard. Some teachers to teaching plans, of the actual needs of students, for students to have real value, to ignore the problem of the understanding of students creative casual negative, so it is difficult to motivate and keep interest in learning. Teacher is the student helpers and guides. Therefore, in junior middle school physics teaching activities, teachers should fully promote democracy, create a good learning atmosphere, try to get more students to ask questions. Teachers should encourage students to bold question, lets the student produce problems in doubt, interested in the question, to find the students growth. Junior high school students curiosity is strong, with interesting experiment can enhance students curiosity; Bright and vivid physical experiment, can stimulate the students seeking knowledge desire. For example, in the interpretation of the atmospheric pressure, using the rubber bowl glass absorption experiment, it is easy to attract students attention, capture their curious psychology, and then gradually inspire guide students to analysis. This student was impressed. Still can use modern physical knowledge of the new odd to stimulate students interest in learning. For example, the use of high temperature superconductor, maglev phenomenon, such as nanotechnology, arousing the students learning desire, stimulate their set up dedicated to the scientific ideal. This way of teaching is not only stimulated the students interest in learning, and improve the effectiveness of the physics classroom teaching.Third, using the relevant teaching, expand the students imagination spaceRelevance of teaching is to point to in the junior middle school physics classroom teaching process, teachers can according to the characteristics of the physics course itself, using the physical model and physical teaching to explore the relevance with other things. In addition, the physical and with other cheek by jowl with classroom courses, so you can establish relations with adjacent disciplines in classroom teaching, it is not only beneficial to the students to deepen the impression of physical knowledge, but also to students to master knowledge of other disciplines, to realize the importance of learning physics. At the same time, not only can make the abstract knowledge more specific, but also for other courses of study, to build physical model also has important practical significance.Fourth, to guide students to explore learning by establishing, in order to increase the effectiveness of classroom teachingEinstein said: learning knowledge to be good at thinking, thinking and thinking, I was by the method of study to become scientists. Learn the contemplation, from doubt, doubt, thinking, the true meaning of learning! Subject teaching teach students some basic knowledge is not only, more should pay attention to students learning ability to ascend, especially the students ability of independent learning. Physics curriculum is put forward: let students experience science inquiry process, raises students exploration spirit. As the saying goes: teach them to fish, as teach them to , said is teach them to fish for a meal, be inferior to teach them to fish, learn fishing skill. Therefore, in the junior middle school physics classroom teaching process, as a teacher should not only teach students knowledge, more important is to teach students learning method, teach students to learn, cultivat