Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthesatars.doc

Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Period One Guided Learning PlanWords and Expressions=lay eggs 下蛋 mammal n.哺乳动物give birth to 产生；分娩thus adv.因此；于是in ones turn 轮到某人preventfrom 阻止；制止puzzle n.谜；难题vt & vi （使）迷惑；（使）为难biology n.生物学biologist n.生物学家gravity n.万有引力；重力satellite n.卫星gentle adj.温和的；文雅的 geologist n。地质学家physicist n.物理学家block out 挡住 extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的climate n.天气 comet n.彗星crash vi & vt 碰撞；坠毁 Isaac Newton 艾萨克牛顿 Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特爱因斯坦 Stephen Hawking 斯蒂芬霍金Spaceship n.宇宙飞船pull n. 拉（力）；拖；牵引力 lessen vi & vt 减少；减轻cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋float vi & vt （使）浮动；（使）漂浮n.漂浮物 weightless adv.失重地 cabin n.小屋;船仓now that 既然 get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解break out 突发；爆发 exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；使筋疲力尽watch out for 密切注意；当心；提防Words and Expressions=astronomy n.天文学 astronoer n.天文学家 solar adj.太阳的，日光的system n.系统; 体系;制度solar system 太阳系religion n.宗教；宗教信仰theory n.学说；理论Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸Atom n.原子Billion pron & n.（英）万亿；（美）十亿globe n.球体；地球仪；地球global n.全球性的；全世界的violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的in time 及时；终于carbon n.碳dioxide n.二氧化物carbon dioxide 二氧化碳nitrogen n.氮 vapour n.（=vapor）蒸汽；水蒸气atmosphere n.大气层；气氛unlike prep.与不同；不像fundamental adj.基本的；基础的 presence n.出席；到场；存在 dissolve vt & vi 溶解；解散harmful adj.有害的acid n.酸chain n.链子；连锁；锁链 reaction n.反应；回应multiply vi & vt 乘；增加oxygen n.氧 shellfish n.水生有壳动物 amphibian n.两栖动物reptile n. 爬虫；爬行动物 Comprehending1.Read the passage carefully and analyse its structure .write down the main idea for each paragraph.Paragraph 1: the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.(atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies) Paragraph 2:when the earth came into being?Paragraph 3:many scientists believe that the continued presence of water on earth made it possible for life to developParagraph 4:the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.Paragraph 5:Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals ,now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth, and they are not looking after our earth very well. So the future of the earth is not optimistic yet2.Put the order of development of life into a timeline. Use the reading passage to help you.1.insects and amphibians appeared 2.Dinosaurs appeared.3.The earth became a solid ball 4.Small plants grew on the earth5.Reptiles appeared. 6.Plants began to grow on dry land7.The earth was a cloud of dust 8.Water appeared on the earth9.Shellfish and other fish appeared. 10.The universe began with a “Big Bang”11.Clever animals with hands and feet appeared 12.Mammals appeared3.Think about what you have read and discuss these questions in pairs.1.Why was the earth different from the other planets?2.Why did the plants grow before the animals come?3.Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together?4.There used to be nine planets in the solar system .Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet.Do you know the name of that planet?Do you know why they removed it?5.What problem is caused by human beings?4.Read the passage again and underline all the discourse markers and sentence connectors. Discourse markers: however,next, after that,Sentence connectors: and,but 5.Discuss in groups and try to find three non-defining attributive clauses.1.How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.2.What other puzzles are hidden in the passage?Find them out and do some research.Learning about LanguageDiscovering useful words and expressions1. Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word.Write out the new word and exolain theDifference between the two. -ence-lye-al-istic；-al；-cal；-tificpresentpresencecertaincultureartartisticviolentfairglobephysicsphysicalconfidentpaiduniversechemistrchemicaldifferentlikeagriculturebiologybiologicalpatientkindmathematicssciencescientific2. Choose the correct word to fill in each of these blanks.1. At the beginning, the earth had no _.A. dust B. atoms C. water D.matter2. The development of a planet generally depends on_.A. atoms B. rocks C. gases D. water3.The _of mammals happened after the disappearance of the dinosaurs. A. harmful B. system C. spread D. method4.Mammals _when the animals that were harmful to them disappeared. A. prevented B. multiplied C.depended D. existed3. Complete the following passage with the words and phrases below in the correct form.Astronomy atom fundamental puzzle exist preventfrom as aresult give birth to Is the moon a planet? This question is _if students are to show that they understand the nature of _. Some scientists think that the earth _the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon _before the earth was formed.They think that earlier in time it traveled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earths gravity . _it goes around our planet . The evidence for this theory is that the _that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this _ it can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.3. In pairs divide these adjectives into two groups: emotional words and calm words.violent patient gentle angry rude relaxing kind shocked excited easy-going calm crazy 4. Study these sentences structure with which- non-defining attributive clauses :A. They were in time to preduce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and otherGases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.B. This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to developC. They（the first extremely small plants ）mutiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later developemnt of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. D. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere,which prevent heat from escaping from the earth into space. 5. Try your best to memorize these key-sentences. 1.No one knows exactly how the earth began,as it hapended so long ago.2.The universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.3.After that,atoms began to form and combine to creat stars and other bodies.4.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”,the earth was still just a cloud of dust. 5.Between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago the dust(a cloud of dust) settled into a solid globe. 6.What is even more important is thhat as the earth cooled down,water began to appeared on its surface.7.Water was to be fundamental to the development of life.8.The first extremely small plants began to appear o