浅谈高一新生如何做好英语完型填空

1 浅谈高一新生如何做好英语完形填空 操红 很多高一学生发现高中英语完型填空成为他们的难题 考试时失分较多导 致他们对此类题型渐渐失去信心 他们觉得初中时不是这样的 到了高中怎么 就完全不同了呢 高中英语课程的总目标是培养考生的综合语言能力 英语完型填空是高考的 一个非常重要的题型 也是要求最高 区分度最大的一种题型 它主要考察考 生的阅读能力 逻辑推理能力 语篇层次上的交际能力 是集知识 能力为一 体的综合性试题 较之中考主要以意义考察为主 语法考察较少的完型填空 教师与学生如不能及时升级学习 此类题型就必然成为大家最不待见的题型 以下是初中 高中完形填空各一篇 同学们可以比一比 测一测 2010 芜湖 九年级 Antarctica 南极洲 is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice This is one of the driest and 1 in the world But people from all over the world come to 2 there Near the South Pole three thousand people live tighter in a place 3 Amundsen Scott Station The station has libraries cinemas shops sports rooms canteens and laboratories There is electricity and they 4 the system that they use to have a conversation with someone in another place And they have 5 electronic machines that store information and use programs to help them find organize or exchange the information But the people here 6 travel by car or train or bus because there aren t any roads or railways near the station They travel by ship helicopter plane or snow tractor or 7 dogs There aren t 8 trees or flowers there but there are hundreds of different birds and other animals Most people here are 9 They study plant and animal life and how ice moves The ice can tell us about changes inn climate Ray Kingman is an expert at Amundsen Scott Station telling us on the phone This is my second year here It s a very interesting and beautiful place but life is very hard 10 In the summer we can go swimming in hot pools of water We welcome newcomers here for further study of the continent 1 A warm areas B coldest places C cool areas D hottest places 2 A travel B go sightseeing C work D enjoy themselves 3 A call B call C calls D calling 4 A telephones B radios C televisions D record players 5 A printers B icons C mousse D computers 6 A don t B didn t C weren t D aren t 7 A with B instead of C on D in front of 8 A much B any C many D either 2 9 A teachers B scientists C doctors D workers 10 A during the autumn season B in the springtime C in all weathers D in the winter 2008 天津 Jenna a popular girl from Westwood Middle School had graduated first in her class and was ready for new 11 in the high school 12 high school was different In the first week Jenna went to tryouts for cheerleaders She was competing against very talented girls and she knew it would be 13 for her to be selected Two hours later the 14 read a list of the girls for a second tryout Her heart 15 as the list ended without her name Feeling 16 she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework Arriving home she started with math She had always been a good student but now she was 17 She moved on to English and history and was 18 to find that she didn t have any trouble with those subjects Feeling better she decided not to 19 math for the time being The next day Jenna went to see Mrs Biden about being on the school 20 Mrs Biden wasn t as 21 as Jenna I m sorry but we have enough 22 for the newspaper already Come back next year and we ll talk then Jenna smiled 23 and left Why is high school so 24 she sighed Later in 25 class Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much 26 By the end of the class she understood how to get them right As she gathered her books Jenna decided she d continue to try to 27 at her new school She wasn t sure if she d succeed but she knew she had to 28 High school was just as her mom had said You will fell like a small fish in a big pond 29 a big fish in a small pond The challenge is to become the 30 fish you can be 11 A processes B decision C challenges D exercises 12 A Therefore B However C Otherwise D Besides 13 A difficult B easy C boring D interesting 14 A editor B boss C candidate D judge 15 A jumped B sank C stopped D raced 16 A strange B happy C awful D lonely 17 A struggling B improving C working D complaining 18 A ashamed B disappointed C shocked D relieved 19 A put up B prepare for C worry about D give up 20 A committee B newspaper C radio D team 21 A enthusiastic B artistic C sympathetic D realistic 22 A speakers B readers C cheerleaders D writers 23 A widely B weakly C excitedly D brightly 24 A similar B ordinary C different D familiar 25 A physics B history C English D math 26 A pleasure B hope C trouble D sorrow 27 A fit in B look out C stay up D get around 28 A swim B try C ask D escape 3 29 A in return for B in case of C in terms of D instead of 30 A slimmest B smallest C best D gentlest KEYS 1 5 CBCDD 6 10 DABCB 11 15 CBADB 16 20 CADCB 21 25ADBCD 26 30 CABDC 2008 天津 短文大意 夹叙夹议 我 在初中是学校的佼佼者 但到了 高中却与初中不同 先是落选拉拉队员的选拔赛 又感到数学学起来较吃力 最后想进校报社做编辑的梦想也落空了 在一次数学课上 我 终于在下课时 解决了那些难题 于是 我 觉得适应高中生活 高中生活就像母亲说的 在 高中你就会觉得自己不再是小池塘里的大鱼 而像一条小鱼掉进了大池塘 所 要做的就是尽己所能成为最好的鱼 思路点拨 11 C challenges 由下文记叙可知 文章最后一句 The challenge is to become the 30 fish you can be 作为段首的呼应句 也印证了这一点 12 B However 转折关系 由 12 high school was different 可知 13 A difficult 由上文 competing against very talented girls 可推断 14 D judge 语义限定 15 B sank 由下文 without her name 16 C awful 语义限定 17 A struggling 由转折词 but 可知 18 D relieved 由下文 didn t have any trouble with those subjects 可推断 19 C worry about 动词短语 语义限定 20 B newspaper 原词复现 we have enough 22 for the newspaper already 21 A enthusiastic 语义限定 22 D writer 语义限定 23 B weakly 由段末的 sighed 叹息 可知 24 C different 语义限定 第二段第一句话 high school was different 25 D math 由下文 figuring out the problems 可知 26 C trouble 由上文 devoted herself to 可知 27 A fit in 动词短语 语义限定 28 B try 语义限定 29 D instead of 对比关系 语义限定 30 C best 语义限定 同学们是不是觉得单词比较长的 篇幅也不短的第一篇 填起来却比没 有较长的单词和较复杂的句式的第二篇要顺畅得多 这就是初中完形填空与 高中完形填空明显的主要不同之处 初中完形填空重点考察词汇在语篇中的 意义 基本不考察句子的结构及词汇形式 而高中完形填空篇幅增长为 300 词左右 设 20 个空 已不再考单纯的词汇意义或语法 更不是只要看懂文 章大意就一定能很好完成 它已升级为需要总体把握语篇结构 理解语篇意 义 完成语境联想 同时考察英美等国家风俗习惯与文化背景知识 那么 现在 同学们平时在训练解答完形填空应注意哪些要点呢 一 词汇 在语境中学习词汇 吕淑湘先生曾说过 词语要嵌在上下文里才有生命 众所周知 孤立的东西不容易记忆 要有效地掌握词汇 就应该将词汇与 句子 语篇结合起来 从使用词汇的角度看 词语连成句子或连成话语 才 4 能实现其表达思想的交流功能 要掌握词汇还要与遗忘作斗争 心理学告诉 我们 未经复习的内容容易遗忘 遗忘的进程不均衡 有先快后慢的特点 因此 词汇要及时复习 以便 趁热打铁 及时强化 二 阅读 新课程标准 对读的八级要求的第 2 3 6 点分别是 能通过分析 句子结构 理解难句长句 能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度 除教材外 课外阅读量应累计达到 33 万词以上 即至少阅读并理解 301 个单词每天 三 语法 完形填空中经常会出现一些复杂的句式 如非谓语动词 各种从句 分隔句式等 给做题带来一定难度 虽然语法不是完形填空的考察重点 但 扎实的语法基础和较强的句子分析能力往往有助于将问题化繁为简 在关键 时刻化险为夷 四 实战 完形填空考察热点 语篇理解 逻辑推理 归纳概括 情景运用 常 识运用 上下文联系 词语辨析 第 1 招 利用复现关系 复现包括原词复现 同根词复现 同 近 义复现 反义复现 上下义词复 现和解释型复现 Two weeks later the guest received a 13 at her home In it were photos of all the actors of our show 14 signed by each performer There were also 15 of the public procession and fireworks in the park 15 A rules B pictures C handbooks D performances 点拨 原文中 In it were photos of all the actors of our show 中的 photos 与 pictures 同义 公园里德巡游队伍和焰火表演一样都是照片上的内 容 故选 B pictures Not all of these fairies are the friendly people loving characters that appear in Disney films and in some folktales they are 22 and cause much human suffering 22 A powerful B cruel C frightened D extraordinary 点拨 上半句 并非所有仙女都是友善的 friendly 故所填的词应与 friendly 语义相反 故选 B cruel A tired person may get 3 especially when he goes to crowded places with polluted air A sudden change in 4 is another factor In hot summer people turn on the air conditioner upon returning home They will catch a cold easily 4 A temperature B season C place D condition 点拨 后一句是对此句的解释 关键词组 turn on the air conditioner 说明 是温度骤变容易引起感冒 故选 A temperature 第二招 利用语境共现 完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇 因此在行文中词语 语义的共现 是不可避免的 5 He knew he had to 19 but now that didn t seem to be a 20 thing 20 A bad B cool C strange D nice 点拨 由上一句句意可知答案为 bad Just then he heard light hesitant 7 on his door that were clear in the 8 night 8 A dark B quiet C noisy D crowded 点拨 由上一句中 light hesitant 可知 敲门声很轻 但后文又提到敲门 声很清晰 clear 说明此时夜很静 故选 B quiet 第三招 利用固定搭配 习惯表达 完形填空中利用词汇间的搭配经常可以无需理解上下文而直接确定答案 The night before the final I even 15 myself to a movie 15 A helped B favored C treated D relaxed 点拨 treat sb to sth 是固定搭配 意思是 犒劳某人 符合题意 故选 C treated He 16 no time and went down to the shop to pick up the bicycle he wanted 16 A gave B left C took D wasted 点拨 waste no time 是习惯用法 意思是 立刻 立即 用在此处最合适 故选 D wasted 第四招 利用上下文逻辑关系 完形填空中任何一句话都不是孤立存在的 它涉及到文章的起承转合 上下连 贯 People think children should play sports Sports are fun and children keep healthy while playing with others However playing sports can have 1 effects on children 1 A restrictive B negative C active D instructive 点拨 however 表示转折 上文是对体育运动好的方面的描述 故应填入与之 意义相反的词 故选 B negative My parents did not 5 me play basketball at home Basketball is not fit for girls they said 6 I went to play basketball with my friends boys 7 at me on the court as if I were an alien 6 A Still B Yet C Just D Even 点拨 由本段末 as if I were an alien 可知 在与朋友玩篮球时 男孩子也 认为我像个外星人似的 是上一句 父母不允许我在家玩篮球 意思的递进 故选 D Even 第五招 利用词语的感情色彩 完形填空有时需要根据上下文判断词语的感情色彩 6 I handed the man 6 He was so 17 and said But why would you do this for me 17 A excited B surprised C interested D encouraged 点拨 结合语境和说话者的感情色彩 陌生人给钱解围是件让人吃惊的事 故 选 B surprised 第六招 利用语法分析 完形填空直接考语法的情况不多 All the wolves obey the rules Even if they are defeated they run away together It is their teamwork 11 makes wolves powerful 11 A what B he C that D which 点拨 本句符合强调句型 故选 C that He 13 just smile and ask what else he could do then thank me for letting him stay and slowly head for home 13 A would B should C might D could 点拨 情态动词 would 表示习惯性行为 他只是习惯地笑一笑 问我他还能做 什么 然后感谢我让他留在学校里 之后就回家了 故选 A would 第七招 利用文化背景和生活常识 We weren t careful about how we walked so I m sure we would have left 3 some broken tree branches and leaves 3 A behind B out C asides D around 点拨 根据常识 在灌木丛中走路若不注意 身后会留下被破坏的树木枝丫 One thing we all do now and again is to lose our temper with a friend and close relatives The odd thing is that we more often display great anger towards someone we are fond of than towards 16 16 A strangers B friends C relatives D colleagues 点拨 在日常生活中 人们通常对自己的家人或好朋友发脾气 而不会发在陌 生人身上 故选 A strangers 练一练 When I come across a good article in reading newspapers I often want to cut and keep it But just as I am about to do so I find the article on the 1 side is as much interesting It may be a discussion of the way to 2 in good health or a 3 about how to behave and conduct oneself in society If I cut the front article the opposite one is likely to 4 damage leaving out half of it or keeping the text 5 the title Therefore the 7 scissors would 6 before they start 7 halfway done when I find out the 8 result Sometimes two things are to be done at the same time both worth you 9 You can only take up one of them the other has to wait or be 10 up But you know the future is unpredictable 不可预料 the changed situation may not allow you to do what is left 11 Thus you are 12 in a difficult position and feel sad How 13 that nice chances and brilliant ideas should gather around all at once It may happen that your life 14 greatly on you preference of one choice to the other In fact that is what 15 is like we are often 16 with the two opposite sides of a thing which are both desirable like a newspaper cutting It often occurs that our attention is drawn to one thing only 17 we get into another The 18 may be more important than the latter and give rise to a divided mind I 19 remember a philosopher s remarks When one door shuts another opens in life So a casual 不经意 20 may not be a bad one 1 A front B same C either D opposite 2 A get B keep C lead D bring 3 A advice B news C theory D report 4 A suffer B reduce C prevent D cause 5 A on B for C without D off 6 A use B handle C prepare D stay 7 A or B but C so D for 8 A satisfying B regretful C surprising D impossible 9 A courage B strengt