大学英语电子教案.doc

第一章 交际用语第一节 基本介绍考试的第一部分交际用语是通过10个对话的形式来测试考生掌握日常生活常见情景中的基本交际用语的能力。具体考查如下1.英语中功能性用语，如：问候语， 感谢语，请求/提供帮助，征求意见语，告别，道歉、接受、拒绝等。2.西方社会生活中常见的情景对话，如：打电话、购物、问路、借东西、银行等等。3. 西方社会人们交际的基本礼节。4. 中西方交际习惯的差异5 容易混淆的一些表达根据统计，按常考的频率排序为：参考范围如下：功能性的日常对话用语 1. 问候与应答 2.感谢与应答3. 道歉与应答 4. 邀请与应答 5道别与应答6.请求帮助与应答 7. 提供帮助与应答 8. 祝愿与应答 9. 恭维赞美与应答 10. 安慰与应答 11.询问时间和日期 12. 征询意见与应答 日常生活情景对话用语1. 打电话 2. 问路3. 问询事务 4. 约会约会.的日常用语 .e.ingrty? 5. 购物 6. 就餐7.旅游 8. 学校生活 9. 家庭生活 10.健康 11. 天气 第二节 语言重点讲解 第一部分 功能性的日常对话用语以下提供按不同功能分类的12种日常对话用语 1问候与应答问候：How are you/ your kid （孩子） ? How is everything with you?/ How is it going?/How are you doing ? / How are you getting along?/ Whats going on? 最近怎样啊？Havent seen you for ages! What are you busy doing now? 好久不见了，忙什么了？Whatre you up to? 你在忙些什么？ Whats new? / Whats up? 怎么样啊？Long time no see! 好久没见What brings you here? 是什么风把你吹来了？回答Im fine, thank you.Just fine.Nothing to complain 没啥可抱怨的/挺好的Not bad, thank you.Not very well. Ive got a cold. 不是很好，我感冒了。As usual. / Same old stuff / Not much./ Nothing special./ Nothing in particular. 老样子注意事项： 1). 打招呼用语应熟悉程度而正式非正式而不同。 比如初次见面有第三者介绍后再致问候，就比较正式。 介绍类自我介绍My name is Carlos.我的名字是Carlos。Hello. Im Kim. 您好。 我是Kim。Let me introduce myself.请让我来做自我介绍。介绍他人This is Mr. May I introduce you to ?Allow me to introduce 介绍后问候How do you do?Nice /Glad/ Pleased to meet you.Hi, my name is Tom Green. Call me Tom. 注意事项：1）老熟人之间的问候可以只是简单的 Hi! 2). 问候后可以寒暄聊天， 聊聊天气，家人，近况。 但要避免打听对方的私事。 回避中方的传统问候如： Where are you going? Did you have meal?3).也可以关心对方的身体， 通常是：How are you? 如果发现对方状态不好，要委婉的问“You look tired, are you OK?” 而要回避中方的习惯“Are you sick?”此类直译说法。 另外探望病人时用 “How are you feeling?”例子说明1-How are you, Bob? ( Test1) -_.A. How are you? B. Im fine. Thank you.C. How do you do? D. Nice to meet you. 选B.对于how are you 的问候回答，就可以具体来回答是好还是坏，比如 fine，not bad, not good 等，但是对于how do you do 的问候， 就必须是回答how do you do. 这是第一次见面时的用语。2. 答谢与应答西方交际中“谢”不离口。 对于别人提供的举手之劳， 对于夸赞，对于别人的邀请不管接受与否都要先表达谢意再说。 表达谢意Thank you.Thanks a lot.I really appreciate what youve done. 我很感激你为我所做的一切。 appreciate 感激Thank you for the book you gave to me.Thank you all/just the same. (当别人未能提供实质性的帮助时候。 比如问路，别人说不知道,没能给你帮上忙，但你还是要说 “Thank you all the same.(还是谢谢你)回应感谢Dont mention it.Its/ Thats all right.Thats okay. Its my pleasure./ My pleasure.Im glad you like it.Youre welcome. 注意事项：1). 不要把中文的答谢语“没关系”和“不要紧” 套用为It doesnt matter./Never mind. 2).不要套用中文的“这是我应该做的”（This is my duty. This is what I should do）.3). Thats very kind of you.是别人在帮助你后你表达对对方的感谢。 不用Youre so kind.例子说明 Wow! This is a marvelous room! Ive never known youre so artistic! （Test 6）_.A. Great, Im very art-conscious. B. Dont mention itC. Thanks for your compliments. D. Its fine.“This is a marvelous room!” 这个房间真棒！ 对于此类的夸赞 (compliment)的话，都要先表示谢谢。B的dont mention it 是用来回应别人的谢意时的用法。3. 道歉与应答表达歉意Im terribly sorry for keeping you waiting. (terribly, 程度副词，意思是“非常地”)Excuse me for my interruption. 很抱歉打扰你Im sorry that Im late.Sorry to call you so late. I beg your pardon./Pardon me.（ 没听清，请对方重复时）Excuse me. （打断别人谈话， 需要提前离开时， 或请人让路时）回应道歉It doesnt matter.Never mind. Dont keep it in mind. Thats OK.Thats all right.注意事项excuse me/ us 作为开头问话语，通常在说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用。 回应的人不必理会excuse me/ us, 只需回应excuse me/us后的说话内容。例子说明1）-Im sorry. I lost the key.-_.A. Well, its ok. B. No, Its all right.C. You are welcome D. You are wrong.选A. 对于对方的歉意，可以回答its ok./ Its all right. 但是B项中的NO 是不恰当的。 A项中的well是个感叹词，做接话词之用（应对之际，答话之前使用）。 也可表示同意，犹豫等情感。2）- Excuse me, could you show me the way to the nearest post office? (test 6) - _ Oh yes! The two blocks away from here at the Green Avenue. You cant miss it. A. I beg your pardon? B. What do you mean? C. Youre welcome. D. Mm, let me think. 选D. speaker A 中的excuse me是在打扰别人问别人问题时候惯常加的一句礼貌表达。 对此speaker B 不需要做专门回应。 此题中从oh yes 这个下文可以感到回答者对于此问题做了一番思考， 所以选D合适。 A是没听懂或听清时候请对方重述的表达；B是请对方解释或者反问时的表达； C是对于对方的致谢时候的回复。4. 邀请与应答 邀请Would you like to come with me?Id like to invite you to dinner tonight.Wed like to invite you to join us.Would you mind if I ask you to sit with me?I wonder if you can接受邀请的应答Yes, Id love to.Thanks for your invitation.Its my pleasure. 拒绝邀请的应答Id love to, but . (后面补充不能接受邀请的原因)Im afraid I am busy.Im afraid I cant. But thank you all the same. I am sorry to turn you down. 我很抱歉必须拒绝你. turn. down 拒绝注意事项：1).在西方对于对方的邀请，不管是接受或拒绝都会表达对对方的邀请的谢意。 因此在回答时候，要避免只是简单的“Thank you”，而不附加接受或谢绝的语句，这样容易表达不清，让对方不明白你到底是拒绝还是接受了。2). 要注意礼貌委婉。别人邀请你参加他们的活动, 就算你不想去, 也不要直接了当地说 No, I dont want to 这样子别人下次可能就不会找你了. 试著用这种比较好的说法. 先说 I really want to , 或是 I really love to, 再来才接著说 but I got hundreds of things to do. 这样感觉上比较礼貌, 也比较不会让别人觉得没面子.3) 要回避一些中文式的表达。 如，中文里拒绝别人常会说，“我有事“，这里不能直接翻译成 Sorry,I have something to do”,而应该说“Im afraid Im busy/ Im engaged.” 另外，最好是说出你那个时间短具体还有什么事情要做，以表诚意。例子说明1）- We are going to have a singing party tonight. Would you like to join us? (Test 4)-_A. Im afraid not, because I have to go to an important meeting.B. Of course not. I have no idea.C. No, I cant.D. Thats all set.选A. 对于别人的邀请拒绝时候一定要委婉， 像A中的 Im afraid not 就要比C中的No 有礼貌， 另外还要说明原因以示真诚。 D 表示“一切都搞定了”。2） -Can you go to the concert with us this evening? （Test 4） -_ A. No, I already have plans. B. Id love to, but Im busy tonight. C. No, I really dont like being with you. D. Im ill, so I shouldnt go out.选B. 同样也是要委婉拒绝，A，C的硬邦邦的No来拒绝要排除。D里也缺了寒暄套语，不符合西方文化， 所以还是选择B。 5道别与应答Id better go now.我最好现在就走。Sorry, I must be off. I have to go now. /I have to get going./ I have to run.我必须走了。/我得走了。Im afraid I must be going/ leaving.Im afraid I must go now. Thank you for your dinner.回应表示挽留的回应Are you already leaving? Do you really have to go？/Couldnt you at least stay for another cup of tea?不挽留的回应Bye./ Bye-bye. /Good-bye. See you soon.希望很快再见So long.再见。Speak to you soon.稍后再交谈。See you./ See you later.Take care.保重。Take it easy.再见,祝你过得轻松愉快。Have a nice day.祝您全天愉快。Ill call back later.稍后我将回电话。Ill call you soon.我很快将给您打电话。Its been really nice seeing you again.能与您再次见面我真高兴。Lets get together soon.让我们不久后再相聚。Lets keep stay in touch.让我们保持联系。I wont keep/ hold up you, then. It was nice of you to come. Nice talking with you.Ill be seeing you. Ill walk you out. 我送你出去吧.注意事项：1).中文的告别客套话像主人的“请慢走（Walk slowly）“,客人的“请留步（Stay where you are）”,“不要送了（ Dont come any further）” 不能生硬的加以套用。英文中相似含义的表达是 “Take it easy”/ “Drive safely/carefully”2). 主人可以问 Do you have a good time today? 今天玩的高兴吗? 或者可以嘱咐Take care.例子说明： - Marilyn， Im afraid I have to be leaving now. (Test 1) -_. A. That sounds wonderful. B. Oh, so early?C. Not at all. D. Good luck. 选B. 对话中Speaker A 表明要告辞了， 只有B表明是想挽留的含义。 6. 请求帮助与应答I wonder if you could ?I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to Do you mind doing something for me?应答提供帮助 Sure . / Certainly./Of course./ No problem./ All right. / With pleasure. Yes/ Sure， here you are. ( 递给对方物品的时候) 拒绝帮助No. I am afraid I cant Im sorry. I need to Id like to say yes, but 注意事项：拒绝他人的请求时候，拒绝方式一定要礼貌，而且要说明无法满足请求的原因与理由。 例子说明：- Would you mind changing seats with me? (Test 4)- _ A. Yes, you can. B. Of course, I like to C. No ,I dont mind D. Certainly, please do.选C. 此句为请求的回应。 对于英语中mind一词的回答，如果介意，就用yes; 如果不介意，就用no. 7.提供帮助与应答提供帮助What can I do for you?Let me do it for you.Do you need me to do it for you?应答接受帮助Please.Thank you for your help.拒绝帮助No, thank you.Thank you all the same. 8.祝愿与应答祝福Congratulations!Good luck to you!Im glad to hear that. （听到对方的好消息时）Many happy returns of the day!（生日祝福时） Have a nice trip.Wish you success!应答Thank you.Same to you.You too. 9. 恭维赞美与应答Youre so pretty today. Good job. / Well done! （ 干得好！） You speak English quite well. Youre a great cook. The food are delicious!Thats excellent/ awesome/ terrific. 那真是太棒了Good for you. 真替你高兴 （听到好消息时候， 如对方提到Im getting married this month. 你就可以说, Good for you. 或是 Good to hear. ）应答Thanks!Its very nice of you to say so.Do you really think so? 注意事项：对于夸赞， 英语国家的人是倾向于接受，而中国人是倾向于不接受或不正面接受， 总是习惯使用谦辞， 如，“ 哪里”，“ 差得远”“ 过奖了， 比不上你”等。 若真想表达谦虚，就可用 Thats quite a compliment coming from you. / Im flattered. / Youre flattering me. 而不要生硬翻译。 另外，对于这谦虚的回答，夸赞方可以再来一句“Own it!”来强调， 表明“你确实如此”之意。 10. 安慰与应答个人心情Im really tired.What a day!Dear me! 哎呀！真糟糕！询问关心Whats happened? 怎么啦？Whats the matter with you?Whats wrong with you?Whats up ?You do look tired. How come? 怎么回事啊？宽慰劝解Im sorry to hear it. 很遗憾听到这Come on! 没事！No more hard feelings! 别伤心了！ 别难过了！Cheer up! 开心点！ 振作起来！Thats not the end of the world. 这不是世界末日。11 .询问时间与日期What time is it?Excuse me , do you have the time?Do you have the watch with you?What does your watch say?What date is it today?Its time for us to 应答Three past nine.Im sorry. I dont have a watch./I dont have the time. 12. 征询意见与应答Do you mind my smoking here? 介意时：Yes, I do 不介意时：No, go ahead. No, I dont mind. Not at all. 例1.May I use your bike for a moment?答应时:Sure. / By all means.不答应时: Id like to say yes, but I need to go to the library by bike now.例2. What would you like to have, meat or fish -Either will do ( 都可以) -Whatever. ( 随便) -I prefer fish to meat. ( 我更喜欢鱼而不是肉)表示个人意见类日常用语I think you should do that.I believe it is right.I guess he is right.You are right. I agree with you.I think so.I am afraid you are wrong.Maybe not. 第二部分 日常生活情景对话用语以下共11个常用生活情景对话用语1 打电话呼叫方May I speak to Kathy ? Is Kathy at home ? Is Kathy available? Id like to talk to your manager. 我找。This is Liu speaking. May I speak to ? 我是刘，我找。Im sorry to bother you at this hour. 不好意思，这时候打扰你。I hope I didnt catch u at a bad time. 回应方Hes not in at the moment. Hes away from desk. 他走了。He is tied up at the moment. 有点忙He is stuck at work. 他手头有事走不开He s on another phone / He is busy on an phone。 他在打电话 （注意介词是 on ）Hes out for lunch. Would you like to try again an hour later? 他出去吃午餐了, 你要不要一小时后再打来? (be out for lunch/ be on lunch/ be on (lunch) break. 不说He went out for lunch. went 是多余的) Please hold. Hold on, please / Would you like to hold?/ Would you mind holding for one minute?等会儿，别挂了May I ask whos speaking/ calling? /Whos that speaking?/ And you are? 你是?请问你是谁？Ill get you through. 我帮你接通/ 转过去。Ill get your party to you. 我把你要找的人叫来。Ill put her on the phone. Just a second. 我会请她听电话, 请等一下。Ill connect you to extension. 帮你转到分机。I got through. / I cant get through. Youre wanted on the phone. 有人找你。Sorry, wrong number. 不好意思打错了。 Ive got the wrong number. She even hung me up! 她竟然挂我电话。She hung up on me. 注意事项1). 英语打电话时候，接听人喜欢自报家门 Hello, this is Jack speaking. 或者先报自家电话号码。 而中文电话时是对方不问则不说，通常是问打电话的，“你是谁？”2). 问对方是谁的时候，不要直译成“ Who are you?” 也不要问打电话者有什么事或者干什么“Whats your business?这类生硬直译。而应该是 Who is speaking/ calling, please?Who is that speaking, pleaseMay I know who is that speaking?3). 如果接听电话的正是对方要找的人可以说：This is speaking. Speaking, please. 请讲4).如果别人要找的人不在, 有二种选择, 第一种是请别人晚点再打来, 用 try again/ call again或者 call back/ try back。第二种选择就是请对方留言, 客气一点的讲法是, May I take your message? 或是 Would you like to leave a message? (你想留言吗 ?) 2.问路问路Excuse me. Is this the way to the square?Excuse me, sir. Where is the post office?Could you please tell me how to get to the railway station?回应Certainly/Sure. Go down this street. You wont miss it. I am not sure. Why dont you ask the man over there. 我不太清楚，问那边的那个先生吧。Im sorry. I am a stranger here. 3问询事务Excuse me. May I ask where I can find a restroom?Could you tell me what time it is now?Is the booking office here?Are those seats taken/ occupied? 这位子有人吗？例：1. - Excuse me. Where is the restroom? - Its around the corner.2. - Is the booking office here? - It is upstairs.3. - Are those seats taken? - Im sorry. They are taken. 4.约会邀请方Id like to meet you on Monday.Shall we make an appointment?How about Tuesday afternoon?Will Sunday do?回应OK.That will do.Sure. 例：1. - Shall we meet at the school gate after class? - OK.2. - How about Friday afternoon? - Could we change another time. Ill be busy then.3. - When do you think you can come?-Will Sunday do? 5. 购物服务人员May I help you?What can I do for you, sir?Is there anything I can help?Are you interested in anything?顾客Yes, Id like to buy a TV set.Do you have any fresh apple?Im looking for 我在找Just looking/ browsing. 随便看看。Im just check things out. 我转转看看。 6.就餐服务人员How many are there in your party? 你们一起几位啊？（注意：party此处不是指晚会而是指一个团体，即一起）Would you like to sit at the window?Are you ready to order? / May I take your order? 可以点菜了吗?What would you like to drink?Would you like a refill? 需要续杯吗？Are you guys OK? 您还需要些什么东西吗？For here or to go? 这儿吃还是带走？ 顾客A table for two, please. 请安排一下两个人的桌子。What would you recommend? 你推荐什么菜？To go. 带走We are in a hurry. Please rush our order. 请快点上菜。Will you bring the bill? 把账单来过来。/买单。 7.旅游Would you please check out? 请您结账Do you need room service? 需要客房服务吗？Do you need a single ticket or return ticket? 要单程票还是往返票？Do you take credit card?Im sorry. We only take cash. 只收现金例：1. Id like to book a flight to Beijing? - One way or round trip? (Single or return?) 是单程票还是往返票?2. - May I cash some money? - Show your ID card.3. - Are you checking out today? 今天退房吗？ - No, Ill stay until Tuesday. 8.学校生活教职工Class is over.Lets call it a day. 今天就到这儿English Listening is in Room 405.The homework is due next Monday. 作业下周一交。Hand in your homework before Monday.Any questions？Whats the holdup? 为什么迟交作业？The library is open from 8 : 00 a.m. to 9 :00 p.m. 例：1. - The deadline for your paper is next Sunday. - Could I hand in next Tuesday?2. - Read aloud, so that every one can hear you? - Im sorry. I have a bad cold.3. - The library will be closed on Sunday.-Shall we study in the dormitory? 9.家庭生活Will you please help me with the dishes?Whats happening next door?My mother is not feeling well.Im getting married.Its getting late.Turn down the radio.Turn down the volume of the TV. 10.健康医生Whats wrong with you?Take this medicine and drink a lot of water.病人Im feeling terrible. I have pain in my stomach.How many bills should I take?例句- I dont feel quite well today. - Did you see the doctor? 11.天气Whats the weather like today?How is the weather in Shanghai?A fine day, isnt it?It looks like rain.Its getting cloudy. 例：1. - Hows the weather like in your city now? - Very cold.2. Its getting cloudy. - Looks like rain.3. - A fine day, isnt it?第三部分 重难点讲解此部分针对一些含义丰富的口头表达短语 和一些容易混淆的表达做重点详解Come on!含义非常丰富， 在不同的场合配不同的语气就会有含有不同的意思。例一： 在大热天你看到人家穿了一件毛衣, 你就可以说 come on, dude。 就是说大哥, 拜托你喔. (有点受不了人家的意思) 例二： 你老爸一个劲唠叨你的不是，你可以说Come on, daddy. 其意思是拜托您请您别讲了好不好？例三：跟同学约好了五点出门, 结果他四点五十九分了, 他还在磨蹭，你也可以催他, Come on, its five already. 例四：Come on 也可以当作叫人家过来的意思, 例如你看到你同学在走路, 你就可以说, Come on, Ill give you a ride. 例五： 同学考砸了，在哭哭啼啼，你也可以说， Come on , it is not a big deal.此处就是安慰别人。 另外给人人打气加油的意思。Whats up? 什么事?1.Whats up? 是很常用的一种打招呼方式. 这就是问对方近来怎样, 有什么事吗? 通常如果没什么事人家就会说 Not much. 不过还有一种情况也很常见, 你先跟人家说 Hey! Whats up? 那别人也不说 Not much, 反而反问一句, Whats up? 所以 Whats up? 已经变成有点 Hello! 的味道在里面了 . 2.Whats up? 也常被用来问人家有什么事? 例如有人登门拜访, 你就会说 Whats up? 到底有何贵干啊?How Come 为什么? (怎么会这样?) How come 的用法大部分就等于 why 但是它的用法没有像 why 那么广, 它通常是用在你觉得奇怪, 而问为什么的时候, 比如说有人早上一大早要去 supermarket 你就会问他. H