备考辅导英语失分会诊――短文改错

英语失分会诊短文改错失分归纳 短文改错是英语高考中主观性试题的重要组成部分和必考题型，同时也是同学们感到困难、得分较低的一种综合性题型。短文改错对同学们的要求较高，是对语言知识综合运用能力的考查，因此同学们在该项上往往失分较多。 1. 语法知识掌握不牢固。改错题的大部分知识点都在语法上，如果语法知识掌握不牢固，改错题想得高分基本不容易。 2. 不了解设题原则。改错题的设置和解答都是必须遵循一定原则的，有的同学由于对这些原则了解不是很清楚，从而在改错时出现一个词改成了两个词，把名词改成了介词或者改变了句子原意等错误。 3. 脱离语境，没有联系上下文。由于短文改错一般是以“行”为单位而设置错误，因此有的同学常常只顾“行”，而忽略了对整句的理解。这就使得一些基础不扎实、英语能力不强的同学受到分行的影响，而不能将上下文联系起来看问题，从而闯不过人为设置的解题障碍。 4. 忽视了行文逻辑。有些同学由于基础不扎实或粗心大意，忽视对句意的理解，或者对句意模棱两可，从而导致前后逻辑混乱而失分。 应对策略 1. 了解设错规律，熟悉语法答题。从历年短文改错试题来看，对词类的错误考查是一个重点。所以同学们要特别注意短文改错题错误设置的隐性规律，那就是虚词以设置增减词试题居多；实词以设置改变形式的试题居多。对句子结构的考查，是短文改错中的另外一个重点。每年的短文改错试题都会涉及句子，特别是句型的考查。所以在平时，同学们要分清主语、谓语、宾语、补语、定语和状语等6种基本句子成分及其用法。 2. 遵循改错原则，牢记解题规范。根据高考英语考试说明，高考英语短文改错题错误的改正必须遵循两个原则：尽可能少改动，即改正错误时只能在一行中增加一词、减少一词或改动一词。如果不了解或不重视这一原则，必然会造成改对但不得分的遗憾现象。尽可能维持原意。一些短文改错的试题乍一看好像不止一种改法，实际上根据“限度维持原意”的原则却只有一种正确改法。 3. 把握分行技巧，提高语境得分。为检测根据语境逻辑发现并改正错误的能力，短文改错题常设置有语境题。对这样的命题特点，同学们要引起特别的重视，在平时练习时学会不要以“行”为单位，而要以句，有时候甚至以段为单位通读、分析上下文，从而在语境中发现错误并改正错误。 4. 利用母语翻译，巧解语义试题。短文改错是考查同学们根据语境、逻辑改正语言错误的试题，因此同学们必须有较强的语境分析能力，然而绝大多数同学都没有用英语进行思维的习惯。因此他们不把目光放在理解语境上，而放在试题文字上，试图找到明显的语言错误。不否认这么做也能解出部分试题，但却无法解出语境试题。针对这种情况，同学们应学会用母语翻译法分析语境从而发现并改正错误。 除此之外，每年都还有不少同学大小写意识淡薄，书写单词不规范，造成不必要失分。解题时应注意大小写，答好后应复查大小写，这样才能保住解题成果，避免意外失分。 金题精练 一Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you about the discussion we had in 1. _the afternoon of last Friday about the good and bad side2. _of setting firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 50 boy and 3. _40 girl students attended to the discussion. As a result, 30% of 4. _them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly add pleasure 5. _and joy to the festival, therefore, it was a wonderful tradition.6. _But another 50% of students think that setting off firecrackers7. _causes air or noise pollution, and whats worse, it sometimes 8. _causes terribly accidents to us and to our property. The other 20% 9. _has never thought about it or dont care. . _二, （宿舍）. _Instead, they rented houses outside the school. There are 2. _advantages for all. Living in a dorm can increase friendship and 3. _cooperation among classmates, but of course it is safer. A dorm 4. _is more like a society, where enables students to learn to get along with 5. _the each other, thus preparing for the social life later. As for renting 6. _houses to live alone, its better for study as you can feel freely in7. _your own room without interrupted by others. As a result, you 8. _can have more time and devote yourself to study wholeheartedly. 9. _But there may appear a few safety problem as you live outside the school. _Anyhow as a student, I prefer living in a dorm.三 Mr. Huang is sixty years old. He has retired. He taught our 1. _Chemistry when we were in Senior Grade One. He was old, and2. _he taught very well. He tried his best to make his classes live. Mr. 3. _Huang usually made good preparation for the lessons and was 4. _strict with us too. Each time we made mistakes in our homework， 5. _he would ask us to correct them. At time, I was rather poor in 6. _chemistry. Mr. Huang often helps me with my study very 7. _Patiently. As his help, I made great progress and caught 8. _up with the class. He wasnt always very kind to every student. As 9. _an experiencing teacher, he was respected and loved by all . _the students. 参考答案 （一） 1. in改为on；2. side改为sides；3. setting之后加off； 4. 去掉to；5. add改为adds；6. was改为is； 7. 正确；8. or改为and；9. terribly改为terrible； . has改为have （二） 1. 正确；2. rented改为rent；3. all改为both； 4. but改为and；5. where改为which；6. 去掉each other前面的the； 7. freely改为free；8. without后加being；9. study改为studying；