电大2157《英语阅读3》国家开放大学历届试题2019年1月含答案.pdf

试卷代号 2157 国家开放大学 中央广播电视大学 2018年秋季学期 开放专科 期末考试 英语阅读 3 试题 2019年1月 注意事项 一 将你的学号 姓名及分校 工作站 名称填写在答题纸的规定栏 内 考试结束后 把试卷和答题纸放在桌上 试卷和答题纸均不得带 出考场 监考人收完考卷和答题纸后才可离开考场 二 仔细读懂题目的说明 并按题目要求答题 答案一定要写在答 题纸的指定位置上 写在试卷上的答案无效 三 用蓝 黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题 使用铅笔答题无效 450 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 Part 1 Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context The paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets Write A I B I or C on your answer sheet 30 points I 3 points each Passage 1 Aging Crisis in China 1 Aging says Alex Kalche Head of the Programme on Aging at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine is the number one problem in the world And if it is not addressed now there will be serious consequences It is the number one problem because the numbers of people over 60 and particularly those over 80 are growing fast The rapid aging trend in China s population also poses immediate challenges to Chinese society How can China face this challenge As the social Structure changes in terms of demographics so will tradition 2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60 in the world accounting for 8 percent of the total population It is predicted that in China by 2000 the num ber of retired people will be several times that of the mid 90 s In 2020 they will have increased by several times again The problem is that as more and more people live longer and their numbers increase both in actual numbers and relative to the general population there will be fewer people to care for them The dependency ratio as it is called is also affected by the fact that women who have been the traditional caretakers of the elderly are becoming more career oriented and are not at home to care for their parents 3 One solution is senior homes Traditionally it is considered a Chinese virtue for children to take care of their parents But if people are working long hours older parents feel lonely at home At senior citizen centres they can get good care from the nurses who are also willing to listen to their stories When 1 first came here 1 complained about my daughter s decision But gradually 1 began to like this place W ei Wenkuei 86 said The nurses are more attentive than a house maid and the food is good Wei is staying at the Peixin Senior Citizens centre in Nanshi District There are only three senior centres in the Dongjiadu Neighbourhood in Nanshi District which is not enough for more than 20 000 451 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 peopl巳overthe age of 60 However the neighbourhood has about 15 000 laid oH women workers who are eager for jobs and the area expects to open several new centres in the near future The government is not only encouraging individuals to run senior citizen s homes but the government itself is building centres 1 Some say that these homes isolate the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intergenerational bond is necessary for a rich wise socicty Another rnodel which helps old people to live more independently is known as care in the comrnunity A unique example of this is the sos Bells for the Elderly system which was introduced in Changqiao Neighbourhood in the Western District in 1996 and has proved successful Families were encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help pairs with elderly people who had no children nearby to care for them Bells were affixed at the bedside of lonely and ill senior citizens and connected to the home of the pair household When the bell rings the helper goes at once ln May 1997 the Beijing Committee for the Elderly had emergency bells installed in 297 homes in Beijing s 10 districts 5 Although larger social welfare system reform needs to be undertaken these changes in the traditional way of caring for old people show a China which is ready and willing to deal with change n a creative way Now that over population and the aging crisis are seen as problems by modern society world wide it is important that the elderly ar巳notignored alienated or mistreated but rather treasured for their great store of exper ence These are problems that need thoughtful solutions Questions 1 10 are based on Passage 1 1 addressed paragraph 1 A discussed C named 2 consequences paragraph 2 A results C problems 3 accounting for paragraph 2 A giving explanations C taking up 152 B solved B reasons B coming from 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 4 care for paragraph 2 A like C pay attention to 5 aHected paragraph 2 A influenced C increased 6 willing paragraph 3 A eager C prepared 7 attentive paragraph3 A careless C hard working 8 run paragraph 3 A join C move fast 9 isolate from paragraph 4 A separate from C take from 10 mistreated Cparagraph 5 A trea t well C treat badly Part II B take care of B decreased B unhappy B caring B manage B prevent from B treat carefully Read Passage 2 and choose either A I B or C to complete each of the following statements Write A B or C on your answer sheet 30 points I 3 points each Passage 2 Data on Ocean Floors At the water s edge of Baltimore Harbor two freshly painted gray ships await to be sent 011t on their next mission These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution They ar巳wiringt he world to meet the explosive and seemingly limitless demand 453 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 for Internet voice and video services projected to be a 1 trillion a yearg1oba1 market by 2000 The two ships C S G1oba1 Link and its companion the C S G1oba1 Mariner are among the most technologically aclvanced vessels in the business of laying undersea fiber optic communications cables They are part of a worldwide fleet owned by Tyco International Ltd that has installed more transoceanic fjber than any other company 2 Most of the world s telephone and Internet traffic courses through these hair thin capil1aries of glass which stretch from one continent to another a10ng the ocean floor In constant pu1ses of 1ight codecl in the computer 1anguage of ones and zeros they flash millions of phone cal1s electronic mai1 messages video clips and World Wide Web pages at light speed 3 Undersea fiber optic cab1es have become one of the most crucia1 components of today s communications based global economy despite mid 1960s predictions that satellites would make earthbound 10ng distance communications obso1ete 4 Most peop1e really do not rea1ize the amount of telephone cables that are undersea and that their calls actual1y go through them said Rob J ones captain of the C S Global Link There are 228 958 miles 368 4 7z kilometers of fiber optic cab1e on the floors of the world s sea enough to encircle Earth almost 10 times according to KMI Corp of Rhode Is1and Another 177 717 miles of cable are p1anned for installation worldwide by 2000 KMI est1mates 5 That figure does not count the most ambitious program Project Oxygen which backers describe as a 14 billion Super Internet that would pay out 198 844 miles of mainly und巳rseafiber optic cable touching 175 countries Oxygen already has the backing of 30 internationa1 tele communications providers and is scheduled for completion in 2003 Project Oxygen is the most ambitious project of communications in the 20th century said President lohn Kestrel of KMI The internet is a major driver of the expansion The second driver is the need for video transmissions 6 Globa1 deregu1ation of telecommunications markets is a1so playing a key ro1e in the subsea fiber boom Phone companies around the world are rapidly going private and governments are opening their markets to competition Chinese officials for example cleverly played 14 competitors off each oth巳rin bids to bui1d the first 1ink between China and 454 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 the United States and then ultimately told themall to share the 1 bil1ion contract 7 Phrases such as quantum leap and orders of magnitude frequent1y come up in discussions about advances in undersea fiber optics ln 1998 when glass fibers began to replace copper in telecommunications people stopped talking in terms of hundreds of simultaneous phone calls per cable and started talking about tens of thousands Scientists at companies such as Ciena Corp of Maryland have more than quadrupled fiber cable capacity by using lasers to split light into colors sending data through each path in a process called wave division multiplexing The newest trans吨At1anticcable can handle 2 4 million voice conversations at one time一orhundreds of thousands of compressed video images The China U S project will handle 4 mil1ion calls at once 8 Lucent Technology lnc one of the leading fiber optic companies unveiled the latest breakthrough The ability to transmit as many as 10 million cal1s over a single fiber by dividing the strand into 80 separate wavelengths of light instead of 16 Lucent says the cable s 400 gigabit Cbillions of computer instructions per second speed is enough to carry the world s lnternet traffic at any given time on one fiber One voice phone call requires 64 000 bits Is there any limit to the capacity increase Absolutely not said Neil Tagare Project Oxygen s founder and an undersea fiber veteran There is in sight 9 And as the boom in fiber optics continues the cost of fiber decreases Each voice circuit in a pre fiber trans Atlantic cable in 1987 cost about 40 00 annually to build and maintain Mr Kessler said Today the cost has dropped to roughly to 100 to 200 per circuit he said The plunging costs combined with deregulation and competition in phone markets have made distance meaningless in communications and the price of calls 10 Aboard the C S Global Link Captain Jones r巳mainsvery busy The ship returned to Blatimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean after dropping 2 000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia as part of another major project called Fiber Link Around the Globe Before Bombay it helped to lay At1antic Crossing covering 3 557 miles of fiber optic cables at an average speed of 6 knots over 21 days It takes less than two months to install a trans Atlantic cable Ships use computers that are programmed to follow a specific route using global positioning satellite navigation systems The routes are chosen after careful undersea topographical surveys that consider such factors as underwater earthquake faults 455 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 canyons and shipping and fishing routes H global links continue to grow as they have n the last decade it s going to get k nd of crowded down there says Jones Questioos 11 20 are based 00 Passage 2 11 Tyco International Ltd 一 一一一一 A is a company which owns many ships B is a telephone and lnternet company C is a company in charge of Project Oxygen 12 Rob Jones A is capta n of the C S Global Mariner B is captain of the C S Global Link C is President of K 11 13 There are一一一一一 of fiber optic cable on the floors of the world s seas A 228 958 kilomete凹 C 368 472 kilometers B 177 717 kilorn巳ters 14 Project Oxygen一一一 一一 A is a project of communications in the 21st century B is described as Super Internet by its backers C already has the backing of 175 cClllntries 15 we e吐sedfor telecommllnications in 1998 A Optic fibers C Glass fibers B Copper cables 16 The newest trans Atlantic cable can handle A 2 4 mil1ion voice conversatiolls B hllndrcds of compressed video images C 2 4 million calls 17 One voice phone call reC1uires at one tl盯le A 400 gigabit C 64 000 bits R 16 bil1ion bits 18 Neil Tagare is A President of Tyco lnternational Ltd B captain of the C S Global Link C founder of Project Oxygen 456 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 19 Which of the following is NOT true A Captain Jones has nothing to do after boarding the C S Global Link B Th巳c S Global Link returned to Baltimore from the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean C The C S Global Link dropped 2 000 miles of cable from Bombay to Malaysia 20 lt takes to install a trans A tlan tic cable qu vd as 咀d h 牛 1n 9 O nm 叫d 1 L E ST SO Km AC B less than 2 months Part皿 Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false Write T for true and F for false on your answer sheet 20 points 2 points each Passage 3 Mario a lucky rlog On his fifty fifth birthday the Presid巳ntdecided to release some prisoners of the same age as a gestur巳ofgoodwill Not too many but one say from each of the twenty or thirty overcrowded prisons in the small stat已Theywould have to be carefully selected so as not to give trouble once they were out men perhaps who had been so long in prison that they had ceased to have any real c011tact with the outs le world Non巳ofthem was to be told in advance of his liberty 2 Mario was th巳re orea吕tonishcdw hL fl he was cal1ed to the Governor s office one morning and told he was to be set free next day He had spel1t almost three quarters of his life in gaol 飞Ivorkingout a life sentence for stabl ng a IJolicern m to death He was a dul1 witif d man with no rdations living imd no friends exceIJt his pr son mates 3 The following morning was clear and bright Mano was given no opportunity to say goodbye to anyone but a guard escorted him to the prison gates and wished him good luck Alone he set off up the long white road leading to the town The traffic the nOlse噜the absence of the secure prison walls terrified him Presently he sat down by the sid巳ofthe road to think a little After he h id thought for a long time for his brain worked slowly he came to a decision Hc rem llned where h巳was waiting patiently until at 1ast he 5aw a police car approaching When it was near enough he darted ont into th巳road obliging it to stop with a 457 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 squeal of brakes He had with him a little knife which he had been allowed to use to carve some wooden figures for the prison church When the young police officer got out of the car demanding to know what was wrong Mario stabbed him very neatly just behind the right ear Questions 21 30 are based on Passage 3 21 The President decided to release some prisoners because he thought it would look good as a sign of k ndness 22 The pr soners chosen to be released were men who had always been wel1 behaved 23 Mario was astonished because he had been told his release beforehand 24 From the passage we understand that Mar o had been in prison all his adult life 25 When he was in the road outside the prison Mario found that he was terrified of being alone 26 Mar o thought for a long t me because he was a dull witted man 27 When Mario dashed into the road the police car stopped slowly 28 The knife that Mario carried had been used to cut firewood for the prison 29 Mario finally decided to stab the policeman because he wanted to be sent to prison agam 30 From岛1ario s example we can say that the President succeeded in his plan Part N Read Passage 4 and answer the following questions Make your answers as short and clear as possible 20 points 4 points each Passage 4 The Pleasures of Eating 1 The first man who cooked his food instead of eating it raw lived so long ago that we have no dea who he was or where he lived We do know however that for thousands of years food was always eaten cold and raw Perhaps the first cooked food was h巳ated accidentally by a forest fire or by the molten lava from an erupting volcano No doubt when people first tasted food that had been cooked they found it tasted better However even after this discovery cooked food must have remained a rarity until man learned how to make and control fire 458 提醒 电大资源网已将该科目2010年到2019年1月的历届试题 整合 汇总 去重复 按字母排版 形成题库 方便大家复习 2 Early peoples who lived in hot regions could depend on the heat of the sun to cook their food For example in the desert areas of the southwestern United States the lndians cooked their food by placing it on a flat stone in the hot sun They cooked pieces of meat and thin cakes of corn meal in this fashion 3 We can imagine that the earliest kitchen utensil was a stick to which a piece of meat could be attached and held over a fire Later this stick was r巳placedby an iron rod or spit which could be turned frequently to cook the meat on all sides 4 Cooking food in water was impossible before man learned to make wat巳rcontainers that could not be destroyed by fire The first cooking pots were reed or grass baskets in which soups and stews could be cooked As early as 1600 B C the Egyptians had learned to make more permanent cooking pots out of sandstone Many years later the Eskimos learned to make similar pans 5 The North American lndians adopted a different method of cooking their food They placed their food in skin bags or birch bark kettles then dropped hot stones in with the food When the stones cooled off the lndians replaced them with hot stones The lndians continued to add fresh hot stones to the containers until the f