《考博英语语法》PPT课件

2002 12 14 1 语法重点总结 独立主格虚拟语气非谓语动词主谓一致倒装 2002 12 14 2 独立主格特征 1 充当句子的状语 2 有自己的主语 同句子的主语不一致 3 名词 代词 形容词 副词 介词 分词4 With 名词 代词 分词 形容词 例 a Itbeingraining Idecidedtostayathome b Speechhavingbeendelivered discussionstarted c heenteredtheroom withhishandsopen holdingarifle 2002 12 14 3 真题剖析 1995 45cliffsnolongercrumbling thebeachesare46ofthematerialwhichwould47feedthem 45 A ForB AsC WithD Because 2002 12 14 4 虚拟语气 1 2002 12 14 5 虚拟语气 2 1 should 动词原形It be动词 形容词 able essential odd vital absurd regrettable desirable that从句It be动词 名词 pity shame that从句It be动词 过去分词 ordered begged voted moved that从句部分名词 动词 表示建议 劝告 决定等 that从句2 It s high about timethat 动词过去式wouldrather 动词过去式 2002 12 14 6 真题剖析 1997 Iwouldn tbetruthfulifI47saythatteachingishardwork 47 A doB didC don tD didn t 1993 TheCaironewspapersthenextdaycarriedbannerheadlinesaboutthestudentdemonstration52 andthey53thattheprofessorbesenthome 53 A orderedB pleadedC decidedD demanded 2002 12 14 7 非谓语动词 动名词 分词 不定式 主动或被动 doing done todo tobedone 发生在谓语动词之前还是之后 doing havingdone havingbeendone todo tohavedone tohavebeen To在什么情况下作介词 什么情况下作不定式引导词 2002 12 14 8 真题剖析 2000 IntheinnercitiesofAmerica newspapersregularlyreportonnewbornbabies60intogarbagebinsbydrug addictedmothers 60 A droppedB todropC droppingD drops 2002 12 14 9 主谓一致 1 1 整体及抽象概念作主语 谓语通常用单数形式 Howyougottheredoesn tconcernme Growingvegetablesneedsconstantwatering 2 表示时间 距离 重量 容量 价值等概念作主语 谓语多用单数 Eighthundreddollarsisenoughtoliveon 3 以 s结尾的专有名词 linguistics economics measles diabetes等 谓语通常用单数形式 4 分数或百分数 主语 谓语跟主语保持一致 Twothirdsofthevillagesareflooded theareaisunderwater 2002 12 14 10 主谓一致 2 5 不定代词 one each everyone everybody everything noone nobody nothing anyone anybody anything someone somebody something等 作主语 谓语用单数 Everyoneknowsthatyou vecomehere Ifanybodywantstoseeme letthemwaittillIcomeback thing的情况例外 6 谓语同并列主语的第一部分保持一致 aswellas with alongwith togetherwith asmuchas accompaniedby besides but except inadditionto like morethan nolessthan ratherthan including等 HenolessthanJohnisinterestedinliterature 2002 12 14 11 主谓一致 3 7 谓语同最贴近的主语保持一致 or either or neither nor notonly butalso not but partly partly等 Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming 8 each every manya no 主语 谓语用单数 ManyastudentandteacherhasbeentotheGreatWall 2002 12 14 12 真题剖析 2000 MexicoCityalready52twentymillionpeopleandCalcuttatwelvemillion AccordingtotheWorldBank 53ofAfrica scitiesaregrowingby10 ayear 54ofurbanizationeverrecorded 53 A noneB fewC anyD some54 A eventB workC levelD rate 2002 12 14 13 倒装 一 全部倒装二 部分倒装 2002 12 14 14 全部倒装 1 There Here be 主语 Therestandbigbuildingsinthisdistrict Hereonthedeskliesapileofbooks 2 单个副词 in out now up down away off then 位于句首 短语动词不可拆 如itblewup Incametheboss Aheadsatanoldman 3 介词短语作状语位于句首Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodthenaughtyboy 2002 12 14 15 全部倒装 4 表语位于句首Especiallyremarkablewashisflatnose Notfarfromhereisafamousuniversity 5 so nor neither nomore位于句首 代表前文Shewasn tangry andneitherwasI Peterdoesn tlikepopmusic Nomoredoeshisbrother 6 分词短语位于句首 分词 be 主语 Goneforeverwerethedaysthatwedependedonforeignoil 2002 12 14 16 部分倒装 1 疑问句2 否定副词 seldom rarely scarcely hardly little never few notuntil notonly 位于句首 作形容词时例外 NeverdidJohnspeakrudelytohisparents 3 only 状语 位于句首Onlywhenhecomesbackcanbeleave 4 hardly when scarcely when nosooner than notonly butalso 位于句首Nosoonerhadhegotintotheclassroomthantheclassbegan 2002 12 14 17 部分倒装 5 not no组成的词组位于句首 innoway undernocircumstances onnoaccount Bynomeansshouldyoubreaktherules Atnotimeshouldwegiveintodifficulties 6 虚拟倒装 had were should放到句首 7 形容词 名词 动词 as though 尽管 虽然 be动词 Smallthoughtheroomis itcanholdmorethantwentypeople Searchastheywould theycouldfindnothinginthehouse 2002 12 14 18 真题剖析 2000 Fasterthaneverbefore thehumanworldisbecominganurbanworld Bythemillionstheycome theambitiousandthedown troddenoftheworlddrawnbythestrangemagnetismofurban46 46 A wayB lifeC areaD people 2002 12 14 19 限定词的用法 1 Both each either neither 只指两个 2 All every each some any no 指两个以上 3 Some any more the most all alot lots enough none 复数可数或不可数 4 Much a little agood greatdeal less the least 不可数 eg Gotanymoney Noneatall eg Doeseithersideofthisstreetgetmoresunthattheother No neithersideissunnierthantheother 2002 12 14 20 从句为考察重点 1999 Theanswersgivenby200womentothoseintimateopen endedquestionsmademerealizethat51waswrongcouldnotberelatedtoeducationinthewayitwasthenbelievedtobe 51 A whichB whatC itD that 2002 12 14 21 1998 Theylearnedto51theirfarminghabitstotheclimateandsoil 52theyselectedthefourthThursdayofNovemberfortheirThanksgiving53 theyinvitedtheirneighbors 52 A WhileB WhenC SoD If 2002 12 14 22 1993 In