Book9Unit3(w)

被动语态1.什么是被动语态？ 英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 1).主动语态: 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者. Many people speak English .2).被动语态: 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者. English is spoken by many people. 2.被动语态的构成：被动语态由“助动词be +过去分词”构成. （注：be要随着时态的变化而变化。） 一般现在时的被动语态: am / is / are + 过去分词 I am often invited to his house. 我经常应邀去他家。 This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 这种车是上海生产的。 Trees are planted on this hill every year. 这座山上每年都植树。一般过去时的被动语态: was / were + 过去分词”Everyone in my class was invited except me. 我们班除了我每个人都受到了邀请。Dr. Martin Luther King was killed in America. 马丁.路德.金博士在美国被谋杀了。The World Trade Center was destroyed by terrorists. 世贸大厦被恐怖分子毁灭了。These bikes were made in their factory last year. 这些自行车是他们工厂去年生产的。Those houses were built ten years ago. 那些房子是十年前建造的。一般将来时的被动语态: will + be + 过去分词The meeting will be held next Monday. 会议下个星期一开。The work will be finished in three weeks. 这项工作将在三周内完成。We will be allowed to visit the space museum. 我们将被允许参观航空博物馆。含有情态动词的被动语态 : 情态动词 + be + 过去分词Problems can be changed into challenges. 困难（问题）能被变成挑战。Our classroom should be cleaned every day. 教室应该每天打扫。This question may be answered in Chinese. 这个问题可以用汉语来回答。Kids should not be allowed to drink wine. 小孩子不应该被允许喝酒。现在完成时的被动语态： have/ has + been + 过去分词 Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space. 许多人造卫星被发射进入太空。The garden has been cleaned up. 花园已经清理干净了。过去完成时的被动语态： had + been + 过去分词She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。现在进行时的被动语态： am/ is / are + 过去分词A lot of new houses are being built in the town. 镇上有许多新房子正在建设当中。 Our school bus is being repairing now. 我们的校车正在维修。过去进行时的被动语态： was / were + 过去分词This road was being built at that time . 那时这条路正在修。 过去将来时的被动语态: would + be + 过去分词 He said a new bridge would be built over the river. 他说这条河上将建一座新桥。一般将来时的被动语态 : will + be +过去分词3.什么情况下使用被动语态 ？1）不知道谁是动作的执行者或没必要指出谁是动作的执行者时：The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。 English is spoken in Canada. 加拿大说英语。2）更加强调动作的承受者时：The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。 3）当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如： The window was blown by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。 4.主动语态如何转换成被动语态 ？ a.找出动作的承受者,并用它作主语; b.动词由主动结构变成被动结构,“be + 过去分词” c.如果有必要,用by表示出动作的执行者。Many people speak English . English is spoken by many people. a.承受者作主语 b.变成被动结构 c. by表示出执行者。5.被动语态应注意的几个问题： 1）不及物动词无被动语态： 这起事故发生在一个雨夜。正：The accident happened on a rainy night. 误：The accident was happened on a rainy night. 自1979年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。正：Great changes have taken place in China since 1979. 误：Great changes have been taken place in China since 1979. 2）有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义： This pen writes well. 这钢笔很好写。This new book sells well. 这新书很好卖。3）感官动词或使役动词，主动语态中不带to ，变为被动语态时要带to ： make sb do sth be made to do sth she made the baby stop crying. The baby was made to stop crying by her.see sb do sth be seen to do sth we often see him play the piano. He is often seen to play the piano. 4）如果动词有两个承受着，“物”作主语时，要用介词，“人”作主语时，则不要用介词： He gave me some books . Some books were given to me by him. (“物”作主语) I was given some books by him. (“人”作主语)5）被动语态在主语从句中的应用：It is reported that. 据报道.It is reported that hot weather will last a few more days.It is said that. 据说. It is said that there was a serious earthquake there last night. It is believed that. 据信（人们相信）.It is believed that he is the very person that invented the new machine.例：make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do三、 使上课迟到 _考试不及格 _考试及格 _参加考试 _对某人要求严格_对某事要求严格_李老师对我们要求严格，对工作要求也很严格。Mr. Li _ us and he _ also _ his work.前几天；不久前 _穿制服(校服) _全神贯注；专注于_你必须专注于你的工作。You must _ you job.对有好处（有益）_Jim和Helen都到北京去了。_Jim _ Helen _ to Beijing.他英语和法语都会说。He can speak _ English _ French.以小组形式学习 study _以两人一组的形式学习work _吵闹 _向雷锋学习_ Lei Feng相互学习 _目前；现在_像志愿者一类的事things _长大_/_/_英汉词典_ dictionary汉英词典_ dictionary英英词典_ dictionary它真的很杂乱。Its _.一双；一副；一条；_这双鞋不适合我。This _ of shoes _ fit me.它们两个看起来都很适合我。They_ look good _.至少 _八小时的睡眠 _步行半小时的路程_步行十分钟的路程_老年之家 _演戏_小学_报社_你多久回家一次？_ do you go home ?每周一次。 _.感到困乏 _Unit 2英汉互译：允许某人做某事 _请某人做某事 _叫某人做某事 _想要某人做某事 _ _命令某人做某事 _邀请某人做某事 _(迫)使某人做某事请_帮助某人做某事请 _请某人不要做某事 _让某人不要做某事 _老师叫她不要再迟到了。The teacher _ her _ late again.让我们不要为困难而烦恼。Lets _ our problems.他父母允许他在河里游泳。His parents _ him _ in the river. 应该允许他们外出散步。They _ our for a walk.应当允许学生们在课下作游戏。Students _ games after class.我们被他的故事逗笑了。We _ his story.十六岁的青少年 _兼职工作 _get ones ears pierced _驾照 _理发_ / _让我们停下来听老师讲。Lets _ to the teacher.请不要讲了好吗？Wuold you mind _?戴耳环_代替_我将代替你去。I will go _ you.他不仅没有帮我们一把，反而嘲笑我们。_us, he _us.他们没去游泳，而是去钓鱼。They went fishing _.at that age _on school nights_晚上10点之前_熬夜；不睡觉_清除（垃圾等）；使地方干净_把下列句子改写成被动语态，每空一词。1.We can finish the work in two days. The work _ _ _ in two days.2.They produce silk in Suzhou. Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3.The children will sing an English song. An English song _ _ _ by the children. 4.You neednt do it now. It _ _ _ by you now.5.Lucy sent me a postcard last week. A post card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week.6.Peole use metal for making machines. Metal _ _ for making machines.7.He made me do that for him. I _ _ _ that for him.8.I have returned this book to the library. This book _ _ _ to the library.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.Well put on an English play in our school. An English play _ _ _ on in our school.11.More and more farmers buy color TV sets. Color TV sets _ _ _ more and more farmers.12.My brother often mends his watch. His watch _ _ _ by my brother.13.We must water the flowers every day. The flowers must _ _ (by us) every day.14.They use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things.15.He made the farmers work for a long time. The farmers _ _ _ _ for a long time.16.Did he break the window yesterday? _ the window _ _ _ yesterday?17.They have sold out the light green dresses. The light green dresses _ _ _ out.18.We clean the classroom every day. The classroom _ _ every day.勤奋学习的重要性the _ hard对事是认真的 _在上花时间 _做得对 _担心;关心_成功 （动 词） _成功 （名 词） _成功的（形容词） _我想信你会成功的。Im sure you will _.Im sure you will achieve _.他们试图扑灭大火，但没有成功。They tried to put out the fire,but they were not _.只有那样我才会有实现梦想的机会。_ I have a _ my dream.上了一周课之后after a week _have off _have Friday afternoon off _回复来信_ a letter回答问题_ a question（不）同意某人的意见（看法）_ sb.妨碍 _违反规则_遵守规则_按他们所想的_按他所想的 _跑步明星_实现他的梦想_我们不反对跑步。We _.面对现实_既然；由于_选择题1. _ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; builtB. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did; build2. Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grownB. are grown C. grows D. grow3. So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited4. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be given D. gives5. How many trees _ last year? A. are planted B. will plant C. were planted D. planted6.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used7. The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known8. I _ in summer. A. born B. was born C. have been born D. am born9. He says that Mr Zhang _ to the factory next week. A. is sent B. would send C. was sent D. will be sent10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump13.The school bag _ behind the chair.A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put14.Older people _ well.A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after15.An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened16.Our teacher _ carefully.A. should be listened to B. should be listenC. be listened D. is listened一、把下列句子改成被动语态：1.They built this house three years ago. 2. Lu Xun wrote that book.3.We should plant more trees on the hill next year.4.She made the baby stop crying.5.His father gave him some money.6.The students clean the classroom every day.7.He found his bike under the tree .8.We will hold a sports meeting next week9.People all over the world know the Great Wall.10.They made those trucks in Shanghai in 1969.11.You cant see the stars in the daytime. 12. Children often sing this song.13.They will open a new school in the village soon. 14.We must water the flowers every day. 15.They use knives for cutting things. 16.You should send the sick man to the hospital at once.17.You may hand in your homework tomorrow.二、对划线部分提问：1.The book was written by Ba Jin.2.Cars were invented in 1885.3.Sweaters are used for keeping warm.4.Paper was invented by Cai Lun.5.Those trucks were made in Shang Hai.6.Electric slippers can be used for seeing in the dark .三、 用动词的正确语态填空：1. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of theirdesks and chairs.2. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.3. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.4. What _ a knife _ (make) of? It _(make) of metal and wood.5. A Piano concert _(give) here next Friday.6. _ the magazine _(can take) out of the library?7. The room _ (clean) by me every day.8. The stars _ (can see) at night.9. The flowers _(water) by Li Ming already.10. These kinds of machines _(make) in Japan.11. Apples _ _(grow) in this farm.12. Russian _ _ (learn)as the second language by some students in China.13. Planes, cars and trains _ _ (use) by people for travelling.14. The cinema _ _ (build) in 1985.15. The bike _ _ _ _ (must not put) here.16. Mr. Green _ _ (open) two