高考英语定语从句解题技巧

1 高考英语定语从句解题技巧高考英语定语从句解题技巧 定语从句是定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容 也是高考中常考查的一个考点 关于定语从句大家早在初中的时已经 学过 并且老师也反复强调其功能与解法 那么大家在解题过程中感觉如何呢 大声告诉我 Ok 想不想更快一点 呢 正确率更高一些呢 想的话就大声说出来 谁得声音大说明谁的成功欲望更强 是 我想要还是一定要 回答 太棒了 That great 一位励志大师曾经说 如果你要成功 一 你必须有强烈的企图心 二 你必须有强烈的企 图心好 三 你必须有强烈的企图心 ok 下面我就帮助大家快速的找出答案 任何题目都有其规律与快速找出答案 的方法 当然 你有问题同样可以问老师的 大家先和我说一起说二个原则 一 动词的个数决定句子数 两句之间必有连 连词放在从句前 无连无从句 句句要完整 句意和成分的完 整 二 定从本身不完整 要想完整借先行 词 先行本身不出现 关代关副来表现 关代关副如何选 定语从句 结构看 代代代 副代副 我就不信逮不住 大家都知道在定语从句中绝对不能有代表先行词的人称代词出现 只能用关系代词或副词 Ok 刚才说的两个原则一定要记住 这是解题的关键 同时也是定语从句与其他句子的区别一定要注意 同时也是判定定从的标准 我们这次课程希望大家掌握以下定从答题的几个方面 定语从句定语从句 常考常考 1 连接代词或副词连接代词或副词 缺什么填什么 一般是主 宾 表 定缺什么填什么 一般是主 宾 表 定 状状 1 定语从句起了形容词的作用 在句中修饰一个名词或代词 被修饰的词叫做先行词 引导定语从句的词叫关系 词 他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用 二是在从句中担当一个成分 并与先行词 保持数的一致 2 定语从句的几个基本概念 定语从句的几个基本概念 1 先行词 先行词 即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词 通常位于定从的前面 2 先行词在从句中担当成份 先行词在从句中担当成份 根据不同成份 用相应的关系代词或关系副词 3 关系代词 关系代词 即先行词在定从中作主 宾 表 定 作主语 指物 则用 that which 引导 且不能省略 指人 用 that who 引导 不省略 作宾语 即及物动词宾语和介词宾语 指物 用 that which 引导 可省略 指人 用 that who whom 引导 可省略 注意 注意 如将介词提到了定从之首 先行词指人 只能用 whom 指物只能用 which 作表语 一般指人 指物皆用 that 可省略 作定语 指人 指物皆用 whose 不省略 4 关系副词 关系副词 即先行词在定从中作状语 指时间用 when 地点用 where 原因用 why 亦可用介词 which 替代 所谓作状语 所谓作状语 即先行词不能直接放入从句中 需要有一个介词连接 而从句中却没有这个介词 5 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 即用逗号与主句或先行词分开 用于补充说明 1 which 用于指代先行词 物 或整个主句 不能省略 2 who whom 用于指代先行词 人 不能省略 3 all some of which whom 用于指代先行词的部分 4 as 为关系代词 正如 就像 的意思 引导定从时可置于句首 句中或句末 注意 注意 在非限制性定从中 不能用 that 3 一些特殊用法 一些特殊用法 1 一般只用一般只用 that 引导从句的情况 引导从句的情况 1 限制性定语从句中 当先行词被强调 如被 any every each few little no some the only the very 等修饰时 2 先行词是不定代词 all few little much something nothing anything 等时 3 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时 4 先行词既有人又有物时 5 当句中已有 who 时 为避免重复 2 一般只用一般只用 which 引导从句的情况 引导从句的情况 1 引导非限制性定语从句 指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时 2 引导介词 介词短语提前的定语从句时 3 当先行词为集体名词时 着眼于整体 用 which 着眼于各个成员 用 who 4 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词 如 this that 等 引导定从 3 由由 as 引导的定语从句的几种常见情况 引导的定语从句的几种常见情况 2 1 as 引导非限制性定语从句 说明整个主句的内容 和 which 引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是 which 不 能放在句首 而 as 则可以 在句中 as 有 正如 就象 之意 而 which 则没有此意 2 当先行词前有 the same such 修饰时 或在 so as as 结构中 表示 那样 以致 后用关系代词 as 引导限制性定语从句 3 在 such as 结构中 as 为关系代词 替代先行词 引导的是定语从句 在 such that 结构中 that 为连词 引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句 4 当当 way 作先行词时 作先行词时 可用 that in which 或省略引导定从 5 当先行词为当先行词为 situation case point job condition 等时 等时 常用 where 引导定从 6 当先行词为当先行词为 one of the 复数名词时 复数名词时 定从的谓动用复数动词 当先行词为当先行词为 the only one of the 复数名词时 复数名词时 定从的谓动用单数动词 关系词先行词从句成分备注 1备注 2 who人主语 whom人宾语 whose人 物定语 that人 物主语 宾语 which物主语 宾语 whom which 和 that 在从句 中做宾语时 常可以省略 但介词提前时后面关系代词 不能省略 也不可以用 that 关 系 代 词 as 前出现 the same as so such 时 主语 宾语 作定语时用 whose 或 the n of which whom n 注意 与先行词有 关时 as 做宾语不省略 when 时间以及阶段 时期 时间状语可用 on which where地点名词地点状语可用 in which way方式状语In which that 不填 关 系 副 词 whyreason原因状语 注意这几项 做状语用 其他成分用 which 或 that 做定语用 whose 或 the n of which 可用 for which II that 与与 which who whom 的用法区别的用法区别 情况用法说明例句 只用 that 的 情况 简单说 代 高 序 两恰恰 人物并存及先行词 作表语以及开头 who 或 which 时 为了避免重复 只用 which who whom 的情况 1 在非限制性定语从句中 只能用 which 指代物 用 who whom 指人 2 在由 介词 关系代词 引导的定语从 句中 只能用 which 指物 whom 指人 3 先行词本身是 that 时 关系词用 which 先行词为 those one he 时多用 who He has a son who has gone abroad for further study I like the person to whom the teacher is talking Those who respect others are usually respected by others III as 与与 which 的区别 的区别 as 译作正如 译作正如 which 译作这一点译作这一点 定语从句区别例句 限制性定 语从句中 名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时 关 系代词用 as 不能用 which He is not such a fool as he looks Don t read such books as you can t understand 3 非限制性 定语从句 中 as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句 如果有 正如 象 的含义 并可以放 在主句前 也可以放在后面 那么用 as 而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后 翻译为 这一点 这件事 的意思 They won the game as we had expected They won the game which we hadn t expected As is well known he is a famous film star in the 1980s IV 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 逗后无连有谓非限 无连无谓独立主格 常考 that 不引导 which 常見到 遇見正如像 as 來幫忙 逗后无连有谓非 无连无谓独 代词来服务 名代数加 of 后跟 which 和 whom 空后若有名 whose 有可能 定语从句出题思路预测定语从句出题思路预测 先行词先行词 n pron 被定语从句修饰的被定语从句修饰的 根据先行词选择连接词根据先行词选择连接词 物 物 which that whose 人 人 who whom that whose 当先行词与连接词后面的名词当先行词与连接词后面的名词 n 存在所属关系时 存在所属关系时 的 的 n 2016 定从预测定从预测 1 My friend showed me round the town was very kind of him A which B that C where D it 2016 定从预测定从预测 2 The road conditions there turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A it B what C which D that 2016 定从预测定从预测 3 I ve become good friends with several of the students in my school I met in the English speech contest last year A who B where C when D which 2016 定从预测定从预测 4 The settlement is home to nearly 1 000 people many of left their village homes for a better life in the city A whom B which C them D those 2016 定从预测定从预测 5 A person e mail account is full won t be able to send or receive any e mails A who B whom C whose D whoever 2016 定从预测定从预测 6 In china the number of cities is increasing development is recognized across the world A where B which C whose D that 2016 定从预测定从预测 7 7 Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods from effects the people are still suffering A thatB whose C those D what as 与与 which 均可替代整个主句均可替代整个主句 在非限制性定语从句中 均可替代整个主句在非限制性定语从句中 均可替代整个主句 如从句在主句之后 两者皆可用 如从句在主句之后 两者皆可用 如从句在主句之前 用如从句在主句之前 用 as 介词介词 逗号后逗号后 永远不用永远不用 that They failed in the exam as which is natural As is known to all the earth moves around the sun He passed the College Entrance Examination made his parents very happy A as B which C that D it 2016 定从预测定从预测 8 is known to everybody the moon travels round the earth once every month A It B As C That D What 比较比较 is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month 20162016 定从预测定从预测 9 9 Jim passed the driving test surprised everybody in the office A whichB thatC thisD it 2016 定从预测定从预测 10 is reported in the newspapers talks between the two countries are making progress A It B As C That D What 2016 定从预测定从预测 11 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others of course made the others envy him A who B that C what D which 2016 定从预测定从预测 12 has been announced we shall have our final exams next month A That B As C It D What 地点 地点 where which that 时间 时间 when which that 2016 定从预测定从预测 13 The Science Museum we visited during a recent trip to Britain is one of London s tourist attractions A which B what C that D where 2016 定从预测定从预测 14 I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn t write a good essay A why B which C as D where 20162016 定从预测定从预测 15 Occasions are quite rare I have the time to spend a day with my kids 4 A who B which C why D when 2016 定从预测定从预测 16 We are living in an age many things are done on computer A which B that C whose D when 2016 定从预测定从预测 17 The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that far away village A until B that C when D where 怎么确定关系代词前用什么介词怎么确定关系代词前用什么介词 一看名词 二看动词搭配一看名词 二看动词搭配 1 定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配 定语从句中动词和什么介词搭配 Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time about which argue about sth There is no one she can turn when in trouble to whom turn to sb for help 2 先行词常和什么介词搭配 先行词常和什么介词搭配 The reason he was late was that he got up late for which the reason for 2016 定从预测定从预测 18 Wind power is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future A on which B by which C to which D from which 2016 定从预测定从预测 19 Gun control is a subject Americans have argued for a long time A of which B with which C about which D into which 2016 定从预测定从预测 20 For many cities in the world there is no room to spread out further New York is an example A for whichB in which C of whichD from which 2016 定从预测定从预测 21 By nine o clock all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma appeared a rare rainbow soon A of whichB on which C from which D above which 易错点易错点 插入语和定语干扰插入语和定语干扰 2016 定从预测定从预测 22 She showed the visitors around the museum the construction had taken more than three years A for whichB with whichC of whichD to which 2016 定从预测定从预测 23 The newly built caf the walls of are painted light green is really a peaceful place for us specially after hard work A that B it C what D which 2016 定从预测定从预测 24 Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others of course made all the others upset A who B which C what D that 2016 定从预测定从预测 25 She brought with her three friends none of I had ever met before A them B who C whom D these 2016 定从预测定从预测 26 Last week only two people came to look at the house wanted to buy it A none of them B both of them C none of whom D neither of whom 定语从句真题练习定语从句真题练习 2009 They ve won their last three matches I find a bit surprising A that B when C what D which 2007 Eric received training in computer for one year he found a job in a big company A after that B after which C after it D after this 2006 I was told that there were about 50 foreign studentsChinese in the school most were from Germany A study of whomB study of them C studying of themD studying of whom 2004 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year 80 are sold abroad A of which B which of C of them D of that 巩固练习 1 Last month part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods from effects the people are still suffering A that B whose C thoseD what 2 Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003 he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union A during which time B for which time C during whose time D by that time 3 I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance A howB which C whereD that 4 The English play my students acted at the New Year s party was a great success A for whichB at which C in which D on which 5 New York I visited last year is a nice old city 5 A that B which C when D in which 6 I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn t write a good essay A why B which C as D where 7 George Orwell was Eric Arthur wrote many political novels and essays A the real name B what his real name C his real name D whose real name 8 is reported in the newspaper talks between the two countries are making A It B As C That D What 9 American women usually identify their best friend as someone they can talk frequently A who B as C about which D with whom 10 Anyway that evening I ll tell you more about later I ended up staying at Rachel s place A when B where C what D which 11 The factory the students visited last week is the one I have worked for thee years A that which B when in which C where D which that 12 The most important thing we should pay attention to is the first thing I have said A which that B that which C which which D that that 13 The school my father teaches is a world famous one was set up 100 years ago A where which B which which C where D where that 14 This is Mr Smith I think has something interesting to tell you A who B whom C that D 15 is known to everybody the moon travels round the earth once every month A It B As C That D What 16 When was the house built It was built in 1949 the PRC was founded A which B that C what D when 17 He never reads anything is not worth reading A as B which C who D that 18 He has three brothers is a doctor A all of them B all of whom C none of whom D both of them 19 The young mother saw her baby fall to the ground brought her heart to her mouth A it B and that C and which D that 20 Is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work A that B what C how D why 21 The place interested me most was the Gnat Wall A in which B which C where D what 22 The Oscar is one of the film prizes offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far A which are not B that have not been C that has not D that has not been 23 I d like a car front lights are big and tuned A which B that C whose D of which 24 You were very impolite to him for you should make an apology to him I think A this B which C what D that 25 The artist the judge gave a prize is the teacher I have been taught painting for two years A from whom by whom B to whom who C from whom who D to whom by whom 26 For weeks the street hasn t been cleaned by the cleaners makes it very dirty A who B which C that D this 27 Now teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurants eating doesn t take much time A which B who C what D where 28 In my old school album there are some pictures of some teachers can t be found in yours A which B who C those D they 29 Henry set up a club for football fans he invited all his friends A for whom B to whom C to which D from which 30 His parents wouldn t let him marry anyone family was poor A of whom B whom C of whose D whose 31 The weather turned out to be very good was more than we could expect A when B which C that D when 32 After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child A which B where C that D when 33 Carol said the work would be done by October personally I doubt very much A it B that C when D which 34 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play of course made the othe rs unhappy 6 A who B which C this D what 35 I bought an ancient Chinese vase was very reasonable A which price B the price of which C its price D the price of whose 36 has already been pointed out grammar is not a set of dead rules A As B It C That D Which