英美文学作品赏析-17世纪英国文学

17thcenturyLiterature ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestorationinEngland 17thCenturyLiterature Historicalcontext17thcenturyliterature ASurveyJohnMiltonJohnBunyanJohnDonne MetaphysicalPoetsCavalierPoetsJohnDryden Neoclassicism HistoricalContext DuringElizabeth sreign themonarchandtheparliamentweregettingalongwitheachother DuringthereignofJamesI CharlesI theconflictbetweenthekingandtheparliamentbecameacute EnglishRevolutionbrokeoutin1642 EnglishRevolution Restoration InJanuary 1649 CharlesIwastriedandbeheaded HissonwasinexileinFrance In1653 CromwellbecameLordProtectorofEngland In1658 CromwelldiedandhissonRichardsucceededhimasthenewLordProtector SinceRichardwastooweak minded in1660 CharlesIIwaswelcomedbackandbecamethenewking ThatwasknownastheRestoration EnglishRevolution Restoration2 CharlesIIcarriedonreprisalsontherevolutionariesandpersecutedthepuritans In1685 JamesIIsucceededtothethroneandproclaimedCatholicismthenationalreligion Thetwopartysystem theToriesandtheWhigs cameintobeing TheToriessupportedthekingwhiletheWhigsopposedtotheking GloriousRevolution In1688 JamesIIwasforcedtofledtoFrance HisProtestant 新教徒 daughterMaryandherhusbandWilliam DukeofOrange 奥兰治王室的 自1815年以来一直统治荷兰的欧洲王室家族 这一名称最先为法国东南部的一个公国所使用 该公国于1530年并入拿骚王室 werewelcomedtoEnglandasthejointrulersofthecountry ThatisknownastheGloriousRevolution Itmarkedtheendoffeudalismandthetriumphofthebourgeoisrevolution 17thcenturyliterature ASurvey The17thcenturyliteratureiscloselyrelatedtopolitics JohnMiltonandJohnBunyanstoodfirmlywiththeEnglishRevolution TheCavalierpoetssidedwiththeking TheMetaphysicalpoetswroteintheiruniqueway payingmoreattentiontoreligionthanpolitics 17thcenturyliterature ASurvey ThegreatestpoetisJohnMilton HisParadiseLostisregardedastheonlyEnglishepicafterBeowulf JohnBunyanisthefirstnovelistinEnglishliteraryhistory MetaphysicalpoetsheadedbyJohnDonnewrotetheireccentricpoemsthatarequitebeyondcommonreaders 17thcenturyliterature ASurvey CavalierpoetswrotesomebestknownpoemsinEnglishliteraryhistory thoughtheywereconservativeinpolitics AcaseinpointisHerrick sGatherYourRoseBudsWhileYouMay JohnDrydenbecamethespokesmanofneoclassicisminthelate17thcentury Nowadayshisreputationlieschieflyinhisliterarycriticismandtranslations JohnDonne 1572 1631 JohnDonne theleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschool JohnDonne Biography borninBreadStreetin1572toaprosperousRomanCatholicfamily 1593hisbrother Henrydiedofafeverinprisonafterarrestedforgivingsanctuarytoaproscribedcatholicpriest Donnebegantohavedoubtsinhisfaith 1601secretlymarriedLadyEgerton sniece seventeen year oldAnneMore daughterofSirGeorgeMore 1611DonnewasinvitedandjoinedSirRobertDrurytothecontinentaltrip ItwasthenDonnecomposedseveralofhismostprominentpoems AValediction ForbiddenMouring 1617Donne swifedied Within16years shegavehim12children 1631Donnediedofseriousillness JohnDonne Biography 2 Metaphysicalpoets METAPHYSICALPOETSrefertoaschoolofpoetsatthebeginningofthe17thcenturyEnglandwhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne TheworksoftheMetaphysicalpoetsarecharacterized generallyspeaking bymysticismincontentandfantasticalityinform Themainthemesofthemetaphysicalpoetsarelove death andreligion ThemosteminentpoetsareJohnDonne GeorgeHerbert AndrewMarwell Rise FallofMetaphysicalPoetry Metaphysicalpoetrywasrarelyreadinthe17th 18thandearly19thcentury Inthelate19thcenturyandearly20thcentury therewasarenewedinterestinmetaphysicalpoetry ThemodernistpoetsT S Eliot JohnRansomandAllenTateclaimedtheirinfluencebyJohnDonne SoJohnDonnebecameacultfigureintheearly20thcenturyEnglish speakingcountries CavalierPoets Thecavalierswereroyalists whosepoetrywasmarkedbycourtliness urbanity 文雅 andpolish 高雅 Theywerelyricalpoets anddealtchieflywiththethemeofloveandthethemeof carpediem 及时行乐 Theirpoetryflourishedintheearlyandmiddleagesofthe17thcenturyatthecourtandreflectedtheextravaganceandmoralloosenessofthecourtlife JohnMilton约翰 弥尔顿 JohnMilton 1608 1674 Milton sWorks Threeliteraryperiods 1 earlyperiod poemswritteninCambridgeandatHorton 2 middle agedperiod politicalarticlespamphlets 3 theperiodofhisoldage threegiantworks Milton sWorksofHisEarlyDays PoemswritteninCambridgeandatHorton 1 OntheMorningofChrist sNativity 基督诞生晨颂 firstimportantwork2 L Allegro 快乐的人 Penseroso 幽思的人 3 Comus 科玛斯 amask假面剧 inblankverse4 Lycidas 利西达斯 expressingthepathos 哀颂 ofhisfriendEdwardKing s 爱德华 金 premature 过早的 death twinlyricalpoems姐妹篇abbacdeec Milton sWorks Worksofhisadultyears 1 pamphletsonreligiousreformOfReformationinEngland 论英国改革 2 pamphletsonmarriageanddivorce DoctrineandDisciplineofDivorce 离婚的戒律与学说 3 Areopagitica 论出版自由 aproseworkforthefreedomofthepress Milton sRevolutionaryWorks 4 DefenceoftheEnglishPeople 为英国人民声辩 5 TheSecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople 再为英国人民声辩 toanswerSalmasius accusation DefenceoftheEnglishPeople 1 Apamphletagainstthedivineright 至高无上的权利 oftheking 2 Peoplemadetheking sothekingshoulddoeverythingforthepeople TheSecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople 1 AnanswertotheproductionsagainsttheCommonwealth 2 Fightforthelibertyofthenationsintheworldandrecovertheirlostliberty Milton sWorksofOldAge 1 ParadiseLost masterpiece 失乐园 2 ParadiseRegained 复乐园 3 SamsonAgonistes 力士参孙 AnalysisofParadiseLost 1 Milton smasterpiece 2 Alongepic 史诗 in12books 3 takenfromtheOldTestament 4 Majorcharacters Satan God Archangel Adam Eve 5 ItisaboutSatan srebellionagainstGodandtheexpulsion 驱逐 ofAdamandEvefromtheGardenofEden ThemeandCharacterization 1 ThethemeofthepoemisarevoltagainstGod sauthority Whatdothemaincharactersresemble 2 God selfishdespot暴君 cruel unjust3 AdamandEveembodyMilton sbeliefinthe craving longing for powersofman knowledge ThemeandCharacterization 4 God sangelsarefoolish resemblingthecourtofanabsolutemonarch 5 Satanisarebelagainsttyranny 专制 暴行 andSatanandhisfollowersresemblea republicanParliament TheImageofSatan 1 Satanistherealheroofthepoem 2 Heisfirmerthantherestoftheangels 3 Hehasaninvincible 战无不胜的 heart Whoisthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem TheImageofSatan 4 Satanremainssuperiorinnobilityandwelcomeshisdefeatandhistormentsasaglory alibertyandajoy 5 SatanisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod 6 MiltonmakesSatanashisownmouthpiece 代言人 ParadiseRegained 复乐园 1 IttellshowChristovercameSatan stemptations 2 Itisthesequel 续集 ofParadiseLost SamsonAgonistes 力士参孙 intheformofGreektragedies fromthe BookofJudges inthe OldTestament 旧约全书 中的 士师记 SamsonisMiltonhimself fightingforthefreedomofhiscountry JohnBunyan约翰 班扬 JohnBunyan 1628 1688 JohnBunyan aPuritanpoet HisWorks 1 GraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinner writteninprison 罪人受恩记 功德无量 2 Pilgrim sProgress masterpiece 天路历程 JohnBunyan aPuritanpoet 3 TheLifeandDeathofMr Badman 恶人先生的生平和死亡 贝德曼先生的一生 4 TheHolyWar 神圣战争 Analysis ThePilgrim sProgress amanclothedwithragsstandinginacertainplace withhisfacefromhisownhouse abookinhishand andagreatburdenuponhisback Ilooked andsawhimopenthebook andreadtherein andasheread heweptandtrembled and notbeingablelongertocontain hebrakeoutwithalamentablecry saying WhatshallIdo 一个人穿着破烂的衣服 站在一个地方 背对着自己的房舍 受礼拿着一本书 背上负着一个沉重的包袱 我正看着 只见他打开书本一边阅读 一边流泪 全身颤抖 后来情不自禁地伤心起来 我应该做点什么 基督徒 theworldlytroublesandworries theBible Analysis ThePilgrim sProgress 1 ThePilgrim sProgressisareligiousallegory 2 Thoughanallegory itscharactersimpressthereaderlikerealpersons Inreality theCelestialCityinThePilgrim sProgressisthevisionofanidealhappysocietydreamedbyapoortinkerinthe17thcentury throughaveilofreligiousmist 迷雾 Analysis ThePilgrim sProgress theCityofDestruction毁灭城 theSloughofDespond绝望泥潭 theVanityFair名利场 DoubtingCastle怀疑城堡 theDelectableMountains快乐山 theCelestialCity天国城 具有寓意性质的和地名 具有寓意性质的和人名 Faithful Malice怨恨 Badman恶人 Pickthank拍马 Superstition Envy JudgeHate good恨善法官 Truth 对当时社会现实生活作了相当广泛的批判性描述 Analysis The