六下 Unit 3 知识点.doc

Unit3 A healthy diet【词汇】1. healthy 健康的 2. diet 饮食3. a little 一点 4. a few 几个5. at a time 一次 6. cola 可乐7. need 需要 8. vegetable 蔬菜9. meat 肉10. add 增加11. remember 记住，记得12. porridge 粥13. steamed buns 馒头，蒸包14. western 西方的15. cereal 谷物；荞麦食品16. sausage 香肠【词组短语】1. a healthy diet 一份健康的饮食2. like eating sweets 喜欢吃糖 3. drink water 喝水 4. drink a little water 喝一点水 5. every day 每天6. have some bread 吃点面包 7. have a lot of rice 吃许多米饭8. some fish 一些鱼 9. some meat 一些肉10. a few eggs 几个鸡蛋 11. every week 每周 12. a lot of noodles 许多面条13. for breakfast 作为早饭 14. for lunch and dinner作为午饭和晚饭 15. some vegetables 一些蔬菜 16. eat a little rice 吃一点米饭17. sweet food 甜食 18. at a time 一次19. some fruit 一些水果20. only a little 只有一点21. a few 几个 22. a lot of 许多23. eat some cakes 吃些蛋糕 24. get out 出去25. a little mouse 一只小老鼠26. in her house 在她的房子里27. Chinese people 中国人 28. have some porridge 吃些粥29. steamed buns 馒头 30. Western people 西方人31. have cereal and sausages 吃谷物和香肠 32. in the fridge 在冰箱里33. go to the supermarket 去超市34. come with me 跟我一起来35. see some drinks 看见一些饮料36. have some cola 喝些可乐37. take a small bottle 拿个小瓶38. this big fish 这条大鱼39. need rice 需要米饭40. take the big bag 拿这个大包41. too heavy 太重 42. have a rest 休息一会儿43. be good for your teeth 对你的牙齿有好处44. too much cola 太多的可乐45. be good for your body对你的身体有益【语法】1. 可数名词和不可数名词名词是表示人、事物和抽象概念的词。它有可数名词和不可数名词之分。可数名词有单复数之分。如:a bag, two bags。而不可数名词, 顾名思义, 通常没有复数形式, 不能在词尾加s或es变复数。我们学过的不可数名词有哪些呢?有: ice, rain, snow, sun, wind, bread, meat, juice, sugar（糖）, food, rice, water, coffee, tea, milk, chocolate, fruit, paper, hair 等,这些物质名词都是不可数名词。还有像 work (工作), help (帮助), love (爱), hope (希望), weather (天气) 等抽象名词也是不可数名词。 在使用不可数名词时, 要注意以下几点: 1）不可数名词前面不能直接加a / an。如: I like to skate on an ice. ( ) I like to skate on the ice. ( )我喜欢在冰上溜滑。不可数名词如果要表示一定的数量, 可以借助单位词。如: A bag of sugar 一袋糖 three cups of tea三杯茶 a bowl of rice 一碗米饭 two bottles of water 两瓶水2）不可数名词的词尾不能加s或es变复数。3）some, any, no, a little, much, a lot of等词往往可以加在不可数名词的前面, 修饰不可数名词。如: I dont want any help. 我不需要任何帮助。 Theres some milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里有一些牛奶。 2. a few, a little, some, a lot of的用法 a few 几个，少许，后面跟可数名词 a little 少许，后面跟不可数名词 some和a lot of 后面既可以跟可数名词也可以跟不可数名词 之前我们学过的还有much和many，老师在教学时要加以补充。 much 许多，后面跟不可数名词；many许多，后面跟可数名词 从量的多少来说：a little some much a lot of(lots of) + 不可数名词a few some many a lot of(lots of) + 可数名词例如：There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里牛奶不多了。 There are a few apples in the basket. 篮子里有几个苹果。注意：与不可数名词连用的be动词必须用is/was，如： There is some water in the cup. 杯子里有些水。 Here is a little meat for you. 有点肉给你。 There is a lot of fruit on the table. 桌子上有许多的水果。How much tea is there in the bag? 袋子里有多少茶叶了？The rain is heavy. 雨下得很大。练习：1. There is some_(food) in the basket.2. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.3. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.4. There are five_(people ) in his family.5. Lets take_(photo), OK?6. I have lots of_(tomato) here.7. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.8. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?9. There are many_(box) in the picture.10. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty.【重难点分析】1. Mike has some bread and milk for breakfast. 迈克早饭吃些面包喝些牛奶关于动词have(has)的用法have用于第一人称（I, we)，第二人称(you), 及第三人称复数（they）；has用于第三人称单数（he, she, it)或单数名词。（1）have的用法总结1）have作“有”讲，强调“所属关系”，含有“拥有”之意。其主语一般是人，有时也可以是物。They have many new books. 他们有许多新书。Wei Hua has a little brother. 魏华有个小弟弟。This table has four legs. 这张桌子有四条腿。2）have可以作“买”讲。I want to have a kilo of beef. 我想买一公斤牛肉。May I have a new pen? 我可以买支新笔吗？3）have作“用、使用”讲Excuse me, may I have your bike, please? 打扰了，我可以用（借用）你的自行车吗？4）have+表示动作的名词（这类名词常由同形的动词转化而来），意为“做（某事）”（=do sth. )。have a drink (of) 喝一点（）have a look(at) （朝）看一眼have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a sleep 睡觉这些短语常用于口语，这里的have可以用take替换。5）have+表示一日三餐的名词，意为“用餐”。have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭。have dinner吃饭，吃晚饭。6）have+表示食品、饮料等的名词，意为“吃；喝”（=eat, drink）。如：have(some) bread 吃面包 have eggs(for breakfast) （早餐）吃鸡蛋have(a cup of )tea 喝（一杯）茶这里的have也可以用take替换。7）have+表示某种活动的名词，意为“进行；举行”。如：have a class （学生）上课 have a sports meeting 开运动会have a party 举行聚会8）have+表示疾病的名词，意为“患（病）”，有时也用have got。have a bad cold 患重感冒have (got) a cough 咳嗽have(got) a headache 头痛9）have+表示一段时间的名词，表示“经历；度过”。have a good time 度过快乐的时光，玩得愉快have a good summer holiday度过愉快的暑假。2. He only drinks a little water every day. 他每天只喝一点点水。 She only eats a little rice. 她只吃一点点米饭。T here is a little mouse in her house. 在她的房子里有一只小老鼠。little 意为：小的，娇小的；不多，少许。跟不可数名词时，a little表示一点点，少许；跟可数名词时，little表示小的；娇小的。例如：Please give me a little time. 请给我一点时间。（time是不可数名词）How lovely the little cat is! 这只小猫多可爱！ (cat是可数名词) a little和a few：少量的，一些a little 用来修饰不可数名词 There is a little milk in the glass.a few 用来修饰可数名词 There are a few eggs in the fridge. little和few：不多的，几乎没有的 There is little milk in the glass. There are few eggs in the fridge.3. Mike likes eating sweets. 迈克喜欢吃糖。 Yang Ling likes sweet food. 杨玲喜欢甜食。sweet既可以作名词，意为“糖果”，也可以作形容词，意为“甜的，甜蜜的”。如：The sweets are for you. 这些糖是给你的。I dont like eating sweets. Theyre too sweet. 我不喜欢吃糖。他们太甜了。类似的如： clean(形容词“干净的”， 动词“打扫”) well (名词“井”， 副词“好”)4. For lunch and dinner, he has a lot of rice. 午饭和晚饭，他吃许多的米饭。 dinner此处相当于supper(晚餐)。dinner