独立结构精讲及练习

1 高考语法复习高考语法复习 独立结构精讲及练习独立结构精讲及练习 状语有时可以由一个名词 代词 和另一成分构成的复合结构充当 称为 独立 主格 结构 独立结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同 它独立存在 名词或代词与后面 的分词 形容词 副词 不定式和介词是主谓关系 独立结构的位置相当灵活 可置于主句前 主句末或主句中 常有逗号与 主句分开 需要特别注意的是 独立结构与句子之间不能使用任何连词 一 独立主格结构的构成 1 名词 代词 现在分词 The storm having destroyed their hut they had to live in a cav e Night falling we hurried home 2 名词 代词 过去分词 He lay on his back his hands crossed under his head This done we went home 3 名词 代词 形容词 She came into the room her ears red with cold The floor wet and slippery we had to stay outside 4 名词 代词 副词 He put on his socks wrong side out The meeting over we all went home 5 名词 代词 不定式 Here are the first two volumes the third one to come out next month 注意 不定式表示将来的动作 6 名词 代词 介词短语 He walked out of the camp rifle in hand with a rifle in his hand She came out of the library a large book under her arm 二 独立结构在句中的作用 1 时间状语 The test finished we began our holiday When the test was finished we began our holiday 2 条件状语 Weather permitting they will go on an outing to the beach tom orrow If weather permits they will go on an outing to the beach to morrow 3 原因状语 The storm drawing near the worker decided to stop working 2 Since the storm was drawing near the worker decided to stop wo rking 4 伴随状语 He sat in the front row his mouth half open He sat in the front row and his mouth was half open 三 其它形式的独立结构 1 在以上所讲的独立结构前加 with 这种结构在句中可作 1 伴随状语 With the young man leading they started toward the mountai n The soldiers marched forward with guns on their shoulders gun on shoulder He used to sleep with the window open 2 原因状语 He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him With Tom away we have got more room 3 时间状语 With everything well arranged he left his office 2 It 形式的独立结构 表示自然现象 时间 距离或环境状况等 It being Monday the library is closed It being spring many kinds of flowers come out 3 倒装结构 即在独立结构中 逻辑主语在后 1 there be 形式 There being no bus or taxi we had to go home on foot 2 such 形式 Such being the case she had nothing to say 3 介词短语形式 In the sand being the mark of a man s foot Crusoe stared at i t full of fear 独 立 结 构 练 习 I 指出下列句子中的独立结构 1 In front of the house was a tall tree its top well above the tops of the other trees 2 The mid term examination was over the final examination to come in two months 3 The boy stood there his eyes full of tears 4 A young policeman stood in the street holding a little red flag h is face red with cold 5 The teacher sat in her chair surrounded by her students a happy l ook in her eyes 6 With nothing to eat he died of hunger 3 7 A tall man came into the bank wearing a pair of dark glasses his face hidden by an upturned 翻起的 collar and a cap pulled over hi s brows 8 Mary left left the office with tears in her eyes 9 Such being the case you have no reasons for dismissing him 10 He lay on his back his teeth set his right hand clenched on his breast a nd his glaring eyes looking straight upward II 用独立结构改正下列句子中的错误 1 Being freezing cold she had to dress herself in warm clothes 2 Having finished his homework we went home 3 A young mother was taking a walk in the schoolyard followed her li ttle son 4 His bike wrong he has to walk to school 5 Tom rushed into my room with his clothes covering with snow 6 They were angry with their money to be stolen III 单项填空 1 The lecture he left his seat so quietly that no one complai ned that his leaving distured the speaker A began B beginning C having begun D being beginning 2 Such the case I have no other choices A being B is C was D to be 3 Darkness in the young people strolled on the streets A set B setting C has set D was set 4 With all factors we think this program may be better than a ll the others in achieving the goal A being considered B considering C considered D are considered 5 A new technique the production increased by 20 percent A to have been worked out B having worked out C working out D having been worked out 6 On the top was the clear outline of a great wolf sitting still ear s alert listening A pointed B pointing C are pointed D are pointing 7 Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office but our wo rk we didn t accept the offer A not being finished B not having finished C had not been finished D was not finished 8 There are various kinds of metals each its own properties 特性 A has B had C to have D having 9 The old man stood under a big tree A a pipe in mouth B with a pipe in mouth C pipe in mouth D pipe in his mouth 4 10 The production steadily the factory needs an ever increasi ng supply of raw material 原料 A has gone up B is going up C having gone up D being gone up IV 用独立结构完成下列句子 1 Jane ran into the classroom 手里拿 着一个新文具盒 2 午饭时间到了 the students all went to the dining hall 3 A little girl was making paper flowers 她的妈妈面带微笑坐在她旁边 4 Here comes the bus from Yiwu 永康来的班车十分钟后到 5 由向导带路 we set off on foot into the dark night 6 有那么多书要读 I can t kill time by playing cards 7 At the gate stood a PLA man 手里握着枪 8 做完家庭作业 he went to bed 9 她的钱包被偷了 she had no money to buy ev en a bus ticket 10 所有的灯都亮着 our teaching building l ooks more beautiful Keys II 1 Being 前加 It 2 Having 前加 He 或 His homework finished 3 followe d her little son 改为 her little son following her 4 His bike wrong 改为 Something being wrong with his bike 或 There being something wron g with his bike 5 covering 改为 covered 6 to be stolen 改为 stolen III 1 with a new pencil box in her hand 2 It being time for lunch 3 h er mother sitting beside her with a smile on her face 4 that t