计算机英语(第四版)PPT.1-作者：刘兆毓、郑家农(普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材)

PART1BASICSOFCOMPUTERANDNETWORKCHAPTER1COMPUTERHARDWARE chapter1 1 1 1 1COMPUTERORGANIZATION 1 1COMPUTERORGANIZATION Mainpoint Mainpoint Functionofcomputer Organizationofcomputerhardware Typeofcomputer 计算机英语 第三版 KEYWORDScomputer计算机informationprocessing信息处理hardware硬件software软件program程序general purposemachine通用 计算 机special purposemachine专用 计算 机instruction指令 setofinstruction指令集 指令系统inputdevice输入设备outputdevice输出设备Input Output I O 输入 输出mainmemory主存储器centralprocessingunit CPU 中央处理器bus总线microcomputer微型计算机minicomputer小型计算机 mainframe主机 特大型机desktopcomputer台式计算机personalcomputer PC 个人计算机operatingsystem操作系统disk磁盘DigitalVideoDisk DVD 数字视 频光 盘ComputerDiskRead OnlyMemory CD ROM 光盘只读存储器keyword键盘 mouse鼠标audio声 音 频的 声音的interface接口peripheral外围 外围设备monitor监视 监视器reset复位 Webuildcomputertosolveproblems Earlycomputersolvedmathematicalandengineeringproblems andlatercomputersemphasizedinformationprocessingforbusinessapplications Today computersalsocontrolmachinesasdiverseasautomobileengines robots andmicrowaveovens Acomputersystemsolvesaproblemfromanyofthesedomainsbyacceptinginput processingit andproducingoutput Figure1 1illustratesthefunctionofacomputersystem Figure1 1Thethreeactivitiesofacomputersystem Webuildcomputer Computersystemsconsistofhardwareandsoftware Hardwareisthephysicalpartofthesystem Oncedesigned hardwareisdifficultandexpensivetochange Softwareisthesetofprogramsthatinstructthehardwareandiseasiertomodifythanhardware Computersarevaluablebecausetheyaregeneral purposemachinesthatcansolvemanydifferentkindsofproblems asopposedtospecial purposemachinesthatcaneachsolveonlyonekindofproblem 1 原因状语从句 定语从句 状语 定语从句 Computersystemsconsist 1 1 Explainthedifferencebetweengeneral purposemachinesandspecial purposemachines Pointthepurposesofcomputer Differentproblemscanbesolvedwiththesamehardwarebysupplyingthesystemwithadifferentsetofinstructions thatis withdifferentsoftware Everycomputerhasfourbasichardwarecomponents Inputdevices Outputdevices Mainmemory Centralprocessingunit CPU Figure1 2showsthesecomponentsinablockdiagram Thelinesbetweentheblocksrepresenttheflowof informationflowsfromonecomponenttoanotheronthebus whichissimplyagroupofwiresconnectingthecomponents 2 ProcessingoccursintheCPUandmainmemory TheorganizationinFigure1 2 withthecomponentsconnectedtoeachotherbythebus iscommon However otherconfigurationsarepossibleaswell 2 Howmanycomponentsareusedtobuildacomputer Listthem 2 Figure1 2shows 非限定性定语从句 Anarbitrarydesktopcomputer notnecessarilyaPC isshowninFigure1 3 Ithasalargemainmemorytoholdtheoperatingsystem applications anddata andaninterfacetomassstoragedevices disksandDVD CD ROMs IthasavarietyofI Odevicesforuserinput keyboard mouse andaudio useroutput displayinterfaceandaudio andconnectivity networkingandperipherals Thefastprocessorrequiresasystemmanagertomonitoritscoretemperatureandsupplyvoltages andtogenerateasystemreset Computerhardwareisoftenclassifiedbyitsrelativephysicalsize Smallmicrocomputer Mediumminicomputer Largemainframe Fig 1 2Blockdiagramofthefourcomponentsofacomputersystem Fig 1 2 Fig 1 3Blockdiagramofagenericcomputer JusttheCPUofamainframeoftenoccupiesanentirecabinet Itsinput output I O devicesandmemorymightfillanentireroom Microcomputerscanbesmallenoughtofitonadeskorinabriefcase Astechnologyadvances theamountofprocessingpreviouslypossibleonlyonlargemachinesbecomespossibleonsmallermachines Microcomputersnowcandomuchoftheworkthatonlyminicomputersormainframescoulddointhepast 时间状语从句 定语从句 3 Describetheclassificationofcomputersaccordingtoitsphysicalsize Theclassificationjustdescribedisbasedonphysicalsizeasopposedtostoragesize Acomputersystemuserisgenerallymoreconcernedwithstoragesize becausethatisamoredirectindicationoftheamountofusefulworkthatthehardwarecanperform 3 3 原因状语从句 定语从句 Speedofcomputationisanothercharacteristicthatisimportanttotheuser Generallyspeaking userswantafastCPUandlargeamountsofstorage butaphysicallysmallmachinefortheI Odevicesandmainmemory Theclassification NOTES 1 长句 主要部分是because引导的原因状语从句 该从句由asopposedto 分开的两部分组成 每部分都有一个that引导的定语从句 2 总线不仅仅是一组线缆 它还包括一些逻辑电路 此处是一种形象说法 有关总线的概念请见本章1 5节 本句中theflowofinformation被后面的flowsfrom 省略that的定语从句修饰 which引导的是非限定性定语从句 3 because引导的是原因状语从句 句子后面的that引导的是定语从句 修饰work NOTES EXERCISES EXERCISES 1Multiplechoices 1 Alargemainmemorycanbeusedforstoring a datab operatingsystemc applicationsd interface 2 Earlycomputersolvedproblems a controlb businessapplicationsc engineeringd mathematical a b c c d 3 Thesystemmanagerusedbyafastprocessorcan a resetasystemb monitorprocessor scoretemperaturec monitorprocessor ssupplyvoltagesd connectanetwork 4 Wecansayabusissimply a agroupofwiresb awirec a8 bitbusd a16 bitbus 5 Acomputersystemusergenerallymorecaresfor a physicalsizeofthecomputerb storagesizec speedofcomputationd efficiencyofthecomputer 1 3 4 a b c a c d b c d 1 5 6 6 Accordingtothephysicalsizeofcomputerswecanclassifythecomputersinto a microcomputerb minicomputerc mainframed supercomputer 7 Thebasichardwarecomponentsofanycomputerinclude a CPUb mainmemoryc inputdevicesd outputdevices 8 Thefollowingdevicesarebelongtothemassstorages a DVDb CD ROMc moused disk a b c d a b c d a b d 2 Fillintheblankwithappropriatewordsorphrasesfoundbehindthisexercise 1 Acomputersystemsolvesaproblemby 2 Theamountofeffectiveworkofacomputercanbeindicatedbydirectly 3 Computersystemsconsistof 4 Computerthatcansolveonlyonekindofproblemisa 2Fillin1 c f h g 5 Computerthatcansolvemanydifferentkindsofproblemsisa 6 instruct