英语阅读理解微技巧--细节理解题之解题策略课

英语阅读微技能 细节理解题之解题策略 南京九中吕若男2018 4 16 推理判断 猜测词义 阅读常见题型 篇章结构 主旨大意 作者态度 细节理解 高考阅读考查细节理解题 Spotthedifferences 大家来找茬 细节理解题测试学生对特定细节或重要事实的辨认能力类型划分1 直接辨认型 获取信息 记住信息 回忆并对号入座如 WhichbuttonsdirectlycontrolthemovementoftheRocketBall 细节理解题类型划分1 间接辨认型 获取信息 加工转换 得出正确释义 同义 反义 转换 排序 图文转换 数字转换 细节理解题类型划分2 集中型 就单个特定细节提问 答案位于单句和上下文处如 Asismentionedinthecard thelimitationoftheresearchpapermainlyliesinthat 细节理解题类型划分2 分散型 正确答案和干扰项对应的细节分散在文中多处如 1 WhichofthefollowingisNotMentioned True 2 Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat 3 Allthefollowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept 细节理解题题型 1 文章细节题 what who when where how why2 是非题 WhichofthefollowingisNotTrue 3 图表数据题 计算 4 排序题5 其他题 1正误并存 半对半错 干扰项 面面观 3无中生有 主观臆想 4文不对题 答非所问 5张冠李戴 偷换概念 2以偏概全 过于夸大 正误并存 半对半错 TherobotBuddycanpatrolthehomewhentheresidentsarenothomeandcontactaperson sphoneifitdetectsanintruderorfire Manyoftherobotshavecamerasthatactaseyes Forthoseconcernedaboutsomeonehackingintoarobottopeepintoahome therearesafeguardstolookforwhenpurchasingone Whenthecameraisactivated wewillshowitonthescreenandspecificlightssoyouknowthatsomeoneisusingyourcamera HasselvandersaidaboutBuddy Whatdoweknowabout Buddy 2018weilwitnessBuddygointodifferentfamilies Buddyisequippedwithspecialeyestoprotectitself Buddycansafeguardthehomeandsoundthefirealarm Buddyhasanadvantageoverconventionalsmartproducts Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious butsometypesaredeadly Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTrue A Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick B Foodpoisoningmeansdeath C Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties D Foodpoisoningcanbeserious 以偏概全 过于夸大 以偏概全 过于夸大 Thesystemwouldn tmeanhavingtokeepyourlightsonallthetimeeither Haassays bulbscouldbedimmedtosuchapointthattheyappearoff butstilltransmit ThesystemcaneasilynetworkanydevicewithanLEDlight anelectrickettle anoven LEDstreetlightscouldevenbeusedtoformanetworkofoutdoorLi Fi makingitpossibletostayconnectedwhenwalkingaroundthecity ButsomesoundacautiousnoteaboutVLC sfuture Itbecomeslesspowerful forexample whenlightisblocked wheatherduetofogorotherconditions Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat Li FicanworkwithLEDlightsoff Li FicanbeusedwithallhouseholdappliancesLi Fican tworkoutdoors Li Fineedsimprovingtomeetdiverseneed Thescientistscomparedhowmuchpressurewasputonthewomen skneesbybothtypesofshoes Thewomenalsowalkedbarefoottotestnormalpressure Thescientistsfoundthatbothtypesofshoesappliedequalamountsofpressuretotheknees 1 Welearnfromthepassagethatwomenchoosechunkyheelsbecause A theywanttowalkcomfortablyB chunky 粗短高跟 heeledshoesarecheaperthanstiletto 细高跟 heeledpairsC chunkyheelsdolessharmtokneesD chunkyheelsarenotpainfulatall 无中生有 主观臆想 Wide heeledshoesfeelcomfortable sowomenwearthemalldaylong Kerrigansaid Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels butjustashadforyourknees Thefirststudylookedonlyatstilettoheels andKerrigansaidshewantedtostudythechunky 粗短 high heeledshoesshenoticedmanywomenwearing Thisstudyconfirmswhatweallintuitivelyknowthathigh heeledshoesofanykindarenotgoodforourhealth saidDr GlennPfeifer aSanFranciscodoctor Kerrigan slatestudylookedatthechunkyhigh heeledshoesbecause A theyfeelmorecomfortableB theyarerelatedtokneeosteoarthritisC theyarewornbymanywomenD theyaredifferentfromstilettoheels 文不对题 答非所问 Wide heeledshoesfeelcomfortable sowomenwearthemalldaylong Kerrigansaid Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstiletto 细高跟 heels butjustashadforyourknees Thewarden 狩猎监督官 setoutthreesteeltrapsthatnight Inthemorningonewasempty Theothertwohadbeenstolenbythebeavers 河狸 andusedtostrengthenthedam Thewarden cursingthestatelawagainsthuntingbeaverswithfirearms gothistrapsbackandsetthemoutagainandagain Andeverynightthebeaversstolethem Whatdidthelocalgamewardendo A Hemadesteeltrapstostrengthenthedam B Hesetouttohuntthebeaverswithfirearms C Helearnedalotabouttheconstructionofthedam D Heusedpetrol soakedbagstodrivethebeaversaway 张冠李戴 偷换概念 Treatmentcentreshavepoppeduparoundtheworld In2006Amsterdam sSmith Jonesfacilityclaimstobe thefirstand currently theonlyresidentialvideo gametreatmentprogramintheworld InAmericatherestartInternetAddictionRecoveryProgramclaimstotreatinternetaddiction gamingaddiction andeven textingaddiction InChina meanwhile military style bootcamps arethepreferredwaytotreatinternetproblems Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttheworld seffortstofightInternetaddiction B Amsterdamoncestartedtheworld sfirstvideo gametreamentprogram D Military stylecampsinChinaprovetobethebesttotreatInternetprobmlems 1正误并存 半对半错 干扰项 面面观 3无中生有 主观臆想 4文不对题 答非所问 5张冠李戴 偷换概念 2以偏概全 过于夸大 细节理解题解题原则及步骤 方法 原则 忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系 不能主观臆断步骤和方法 Step1 题干中选定关键词 定位词 Step2 通过略读 查读锁定文中定位区域Step3 结合信息区域上下文理解 比对Step4 排除干扰项 筛选得出答案 定位词通常是哪些词 人名 地名等专有名词 年份 数字等数词及题干中的大写名词指代具体事物或人物的名词3 词义鲜明的动词 形容词 副词等实词 题干和正确选项的典型特点 替换关键词 把文中关键词转化替换成同 近义词 设置题干或正确选项 词性或语态变化 把原文句中的词变换词性或语态 以制造理解障碍 语言简化 长话短说 把原文中散杂语言现象进行提炼总结 成为题干或正确答案 WhenIwasgrowingupinAmerica Iwasashamedofmymother sChineseEnglish BecauseofherEnglish shewasoftentreatedunfairly Peopleindepartmentstores atbanks andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously didnotgivehergoodservice pretendednottounderstandher orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher 41 Whywastheauthor smotherpoorlyserved A ShewasunabletospeakgoodEnglish B Shewasoftenmisunderstood C Shewasnotclearlyheard D Shewasnotverypolite 替换关键词 同 近义词替换 偷换概念 无中生有 Confucius assumedthatallmenwereequalatbirth thoughsomehadmorepotentialthanothers andthatitwasknowledgethatsetmenapart Socratesfocusedonindividual andthoughtthatthegreatestpurposeofmanwastoseekwisdom Hebelieved 66 WhatmadesomepeopledifferentfromothersaccordingtoConfucius A FamilyB PotentialC KnowledgeD Community 词性或语态变化 Traditionally peoplehavedrunkbottledwaterforhealthreasons Thepracticeof takingthewaters originatedwiththeRomans whobelievedthatapersondevelopedahealthymindbybuildingahealthybody AcrossEurope drinkingorbathinginmineralwaterhasbeenassociatedwiththepowertocurevariousdiseases 1 WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE Bottledwaterwasoncedrunkbothbytherichandthepoor Bottledwatersaleshaverisen forit scheaperthantapwater Europeansbelievedinthepoweroftreatmentofmineralwater Americanshavehadthehabitofdrinkingbottledwaterforlong 词性或语态变化 无中生有 Unfortunately theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars Inaddition theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses Soonpeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem theirphosphatewasrunningout Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing By2000 Nauruwasfinanciallyruined Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately 433 600 000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisl