英语人教版八年级下册unit 9.doc

Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?Period 1学习目标：1、重点词汇与短语： amusement, theme, character, excellent, neither, seen, especially, discover, film,holiday, population, Indian, more than, in fact2、重点句型： Have you ever been to? -你曾经去过游乐园吗？Yes，I have. / No，I havent. -是的，去过。/不，没去过。I/He/She have / has never been to 我他她从没去过3、重点语法： 现在完成时态4、日常用语： Where have you been? 你去哪里了？Where do you want to go? 你想去哪儿？How long have you been doing? 你做多长时间了？What kind of job do you want? 你想要什么样的工作？How do you spell your name? 你怎么拼写自己的名字？精讲巧练 1. Have you ever been to an amusement park? Yes，I have. / No，I havent.-你曾经去过游乐园吗？-是的，去过。/不，没去过。点拨 have been (to) 指“到过某地”，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来；侧重指经历，是现在完成时态。如：He has been to England曾到过英国。(现在已经不在英国了)Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上）have gone to表示“去了某处”，“到某处去了”，现在已不在说话的地点了。如：He has gone to England。他已去英国了。(已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上)随时练 【考例】Mary isnt here. She has _ the shop.A. been to B. went to C. gone to D. /【答案与解析】 C。 have been (to) 指“到过某地”， 说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来，侧重指经历。have gone to表示“去了某处”，“到某处去了”，现在已不在说话的地点了。因此从本题句意来看应该选择C。2. Neither have I. 我也没去过。 点拨 neither 和 so 的用法neither用于否定句后表示“也不”，neither后要倒装。He is not a doctor. Neither am I.You will not go to the water park. Neither will I.Tom doesnt like this one. Neither do I.so用于肯定句后表示“也同样”，so后要倒装。He is a teacher. So am I.You will go to the aquarium. So will I.Tom likes swimming. So do I.neither的用法：(1) Neither Jenny nor I own a car.(2) Leon neither drinks nor smokes.(3) A: Which of the dresses did you like?B: Neither of them.(4) A: I havent seen that movie.B: I havent ，either.(Neither have I.)(Me, neither.)随时练 【考例】My husband doesnt want to see a movie tonight, and _.A. neither do I B. Neither have I C. do neither I D. I dont do【答案与解析】A。 neither用于否定句后表示“也不”，neither后要倒装。3. All I ever wanted to do was travel.我曾经想做的一切是旅行。点拨 I ever wanted to do 是定语从句，来看下面的随时练题目。随时练 【考例】Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one【答案与解析】D。在句子中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。4. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.正是因为我能讲英语，我得到了这个工作。点拨 这是个强调句型It is / was 被强调的部分that / who其他部分.例如：I met Mary in a store yesterday.It was Mary who I met in a store yesterday.昨天我在商店遇见的是Mary.It was in a store that I met Mary yesterday.昨天我是在商店遇见的Mary.It was yesterday that I met Mary in a store.我是昨天在商店遇见的Mary.随时练 【考例】It was in the factory_ produced TV sets _our friend was murdered.A. which；which B. that；which C. that；that D. where；that【答案与解析】C。第一个that是关系代词，指代 factory，第二个that是强调句中的that。本题句意：正是在这个生产电视机的工厂，我们的朋友被谋杀了。5. In fact, its all I have ever wanted to be.事实上，那就是我曾经所想的全部。点拨 I have ever wanted to be 是一个定语从句。actually 和 in fact 用法的区别actually adv. (无比较级、最高级)实际上,事实上,实际He looks unpleasant, but actually he is very kind.他看起来板着面孔,但事实上很和蔼。He didnt actually steal the money.他实际上没偷那笔钱。 (这样说也许令人难以置信，不过) 真地，竟然，居然He actually refused! 他竟然拒绝了!in fact 相当于really, trulyI thought Betty was in the garden, but in fact she was in her room.我以为贝蒂在花园，其实她在自己的房间里。No one believed it, but in fact, Mary did pass her exam.尽管没有人相信，但实际上玛丽确实考试及格了。前者通常作状语，用于书面语，修饰副词不可单独使用。后者可作状语或表语，可单独使用，既可用于书面也可用于口语中。随时练 【考例】_the earth is actually a bit nearer to the sun during our winter.A. actually B. in fact C. real D. /【答案与解析】B。in fact，可作状语或表语，可单独使用，既可用于书面也可用于口语中。本题句意：在冬天地球离太阳实际上还要近一些。6. But if youve ever been to the zoo during the daytime, you might understand why this zoo is so special.但是如果你白天去参观过动物园，你就会发现这个动物园是多么地特别。点拨 ever 副词，“曾经”，常于现在完成时连用。也可用于疑问句、否定句、比较级、最高级之后。如：Have you ever seen a dolphin? 你曾经见过海豚吗？My brother studied harder than ever. 我弟弟比以前学习更用功了。This is the most beautiful flower I have ever seen. 这是我曾经见过的最漂亮的花。随时练 【考例】Have you _ been to the Great Wall?A. already B. ever C. even D. every【答案与解析】B。already“已经”，与现在完成时连用，通常用于肯定句中。even“甚至”，every “每一个”。7. It takes about forty minutes. 它花费约40分钟。点拨 It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一段时间如：It took him two weeks to make the trip.take 作为动词，主要有以下几种用法：1）拿，取如：I want to take some books to the classroom.我想拿些书到教室。2）吃，喝，服用，放如： Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药。 Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗？3）乘车(船)等如： Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去？ They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班。4）常常和it连用，it在句子中作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。翻译成“花费(时间、 金钱)等”。如： How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间？ It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱。5）“做事情”, 常常和名词连用，表示与该名词意义相关的动作如：take a walk 散步； take a rest 休息一下； take a look 看一看。【拓展】take 构成常用的重要词组1. take away 拿走 Tom takes the knife away from the little boy. 汤姆从小男孩手里把刀拿走了。2. take care (=be careful=look out) 注意，小心 Take care! The car is coming! 小心！车来了！3. take (good) care of (好好)照顾，照料 I can take care of the baby all by myself. 我自己能照顾这个小孩。4. take down 取下来 Take down the picture and put up the map of the world. 摘下这张图画，挂上一幅世界地图。5. take out 拿出 Please take out a piece of paper and write down your names on it, OK? 拿出一张纸，在上面写下你们的名字，好吗？6. take off 脱下；(飞机等)起飞 Sorry! You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room.对不起，在进入微机室之前，先要把你的鞋子脱掉。 The plane is going to take off soon.飞机马上就要起飞了。7. take ones time 别着急，慢慢来 Please take your time! 别着急，慢慢来！8. take ones temperature 量体温 Mingming is ill. The doctor is taking his temperature now. 明明生病了，大夫正在给他量体温。随时练 【考例】It_ me half an hour to do my homework in the evening.A. take B. took C. takes D. /【答案与解析】C。It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人一段时间。根据时间状语可知要用一般现在时。因此用C。本题句意：晚上我要花半小时做作业。8. I want to travel, particularly to English-speaking countries such as the USA and Australia. 我想去像美国、澳大利亚这样说英语的国家旅游。点拨1 English-speaking作形容词，意为“说英语的，讲英语的”。点拨2 such as /for example 都是“例如”的意思。但such as用来列举事物，插在被列举事物与前面的名词前。for example作“例如”讲时，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。如：There are many track and field events, such as high jump, long jump.田径项目有很多，比如跳高，跳远。For example，air is invisible. 例如，空气是看不见的。He，for example，is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。随时练 【考例】Some of the European languages come from Latin，_ French，Italian and Spanish.A. for example B. such as C. such D. for such【答案与解析】B。考查such as的用法。可看点拨处的详细解析。9. And you can see Disney characters walking around Disneyland all the time.我还可以随时看到迪斯尼游乐园里来回走动的迪斯尼人物。点拨1 see sb doing 看到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行see sb do sth 看到某人做过某事，强调动作已经结束。有时也指经常性的动作。如：When I came in the house, I saw my daughter watching TV.当我走进屋时，看到女儿正在看电视。I saw Wang Bing enter the office.我看到王冰走进了办公室。I often see Liu Yan buy bread from the old man.我经常看到柳岩从老人那里买面包。点拨2 all the time 一直，总是time的用法n. U 时间，时候如：Time never stands still. 时间不会停滞不前。The time has come for us to speak out.是我们大胆讲话的时候了。n. C 一段时间，时刻如：You have taken a long time writing the letter.你用了很长时间写这封信。We had a good time together.我们一起度过了愉快的时光。n. (多用复数)时代如：He is one of the best actors in modern times.他是现代最好的演员之一。In Shakespeares time there were no actresses on the English stage.莎士比亚时代英国舞台上没有女演员。n. 次；倍如：This is the first time that I have ever been abroad.这真是我第一次出国。Your room is three times the size of mine.你的房间是我的三倍大。注意：作“倍，次”，必须用于“三次（倍）”以上，一、二次（倍）用once，twice表示。随时练 【考例】I often see Mr Brown _ the violin in the park.A. playing B. plays C. played D. play【答案与解析】D。考查see sb do sth 看到某人做过某事，强调动作已经结束。有时也指经常性的动作。10. 其他一些重要的句子 1）For many Chinese tourists, this small island in Southeast Asia is a Wonderful place to take a holiday. 对于很多中国人来说，这个东南亚的小岛是个非常棒的度假胜地。2）Maybe you fear that you wont be able to find anything to eat in a foreign country. 也许你会担心人在国外找不到可以吃的东西。3）However, if youre feeling brave, Singapore is an excellent place to try new food. 然而，如果你勇敢的话，新加坡是个品尝新食物的精彩地方。4）That the best way to do this was to become a flight attendant. That the best way to do this. 做这个的最好方法是成为一个机组乘务员。 此句是主语从句。【例题】完成表格，然后根据表格写一篇文章(60-80字)。Whats your name?What kind of job do you want?How long have you been studying English?Have you ever visited an English-speaking country? When?Why did you study English?Whats the best way to study English?_【写作点拨】1. 先简单的回答上表格中的六个问题2. 然后将六句回答按照一定的逻辑关系组成一篇小短文3. 此类题目的关键在于要很好的完成回答，其实回答完每个问题后，将答案连在一起就是 一篇小短文了，也就能得到本题的90%的分数了。因此作答是关键。【参考范文】My name is Mary.I want to be a teacher.I have learned English for 3 years.I have ever visited England.I want to learn English because I think English is the most important language in the world.I think the best way to study English is speaking and reading.My name is Mary. I like English very much. I want to be a teacher in the future. I have learned English for 3 years. I have ever visited England and stayed there for 2 weeks with my parents. I think English is the most important language in the world. So I want to learn English well. I think the best way to study English is speaking and reading.Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?Period 2一 . 话题(Topic) Talk about past experience二 .重点词组(Key Phrases) 1. space museum太空博物馆2. amusement park娱乐公园3. water park水上公园4. take the subway乘地铁5. last year去年6. next year明年 7. have a great time玩得愉快 8. end up结束9. a theme park主题公园10. of course当然11. all the time一直12. many famous characters许多著名的人物13. hear of听说14. in the same place在同一个地方 15. take different routs行驶不同的路线 16.go skating 去溜冰17. most of 大多数的. 18. in fact 事实上 19. an English-speaking country 一个讲英语的国家 20. a flight attendant 飞机上的一名乘务员 21. a tour guide 一名导游 22. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 23. start doing sth. 开始做某事start to do sth. 开始做某事24. take a holiday 度假 25. on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面 26. three quarters 四分之三 27. wake up 醒来28. all the year round 一年到头，终年29. take a ride 兜风三 .交际用语 1. Have you ever been to an amusement park? 你曾经去过游乐厂游乐场吗？ Yes, I have. I went there last year. 是的，我去年去的哪儿。 No，I havent. 不， 我没去过。No, I never had been to an amusement park. 不，我从来没去过。 2. Ive never been to a water park. 我从来没去过水上公园。 Me neither. 我也没去过。四. 重点难点释义(Language Points) 1. Me neither. 我也没去过。（1）英语中表示后者与前者情形相同，“也不”时，常用neither引起的倒装句Neither+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语。如：Im not all. Neither is she. =Shes not all, either.我个子不高，她个子也不高。They cant cook. Neither can we. =We cant cook, either.他们不会做饭，我们也不会。（2）如果表示后者与前者情形相同，“也”，常用so引起的倒装句，so+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语。如：My friends are happy. So am I.=Im happy, too./Im also happy.我的朋友高兴，我也很高兴。They will leave by air. So did he. =You will also leave by air.他们要乘飞机走，你们也是。2. Most of us have probably heard of Mickey Mouse, Donald puck and many other famous Disney Characters.大概我们大多数人都听说过米老鼠、唐老鸭及其他迪斯尼的著名人物。（1）辨析: hear, hear of, hear fromhear 为动词，有听见和听说之意。作“听见”解，只强调结果。作为：“听说”解，其后一般跟从句。如My grandma cant hear very well.我奶奶听觉不好。I hear that they miss us very much.我听说他们很想念我们。I heard him singing in the next room.我听见他在隔壁房间里唱歌。I heard that he was singing in the next room.我听说他在隔壁房间里唱歌。hear of听说，听到，其后跟名词或从句。 Have you ever heard of Edison? 你听说过爱迪生的故事吗？heard from 意为“收到.的信”，“得到.消息”。注意：hear from 的宾语应该是“人”，而不是“信”。Have you heard from Joan recently? 最近你收到过琼的来信吗？（2）famous adj. 意思是“著名的，出名的，极好的The composition he wrote is famous他写的那篇作文是极好的。Lu Xun is one of the famous writers in China鲁迅是中国著名作家之一。辨析：be famous for ,be famous as与be famous to be famous for因为而出名/著名，for后接表示特点、特长的名词，表示人或物闻名的原因Einstein was famous for his Theory of Relativity爱因斯坦以他的相对论而闻名。Sanya is famous for Tianya Haijiao.三亚以其天涯海角而驰名。The village is famous for its green tea这个村庄以绿茶而出名。be famous as以身份出名，for后一般接表示职业的名词。The village is famous as a green tea producing place这个村庄是产绿茶的地方。HanHong is famous as a pop singer.韩红以流行歌曲而闻名。be famous to 对某人来说是著名的，to后常接人。The Summer Palace is famous to the people in China.颐和园在中国人心中很著名。The pop singer is famous to the young people.流行歌曲对那些年轻人来说是闻名的。3.Perhaps we have ever seen them in movies. 也许我们在电影中见过他们。 perhaps adv.或者，也许，有可能。该次在句中的位置不同，其意思与语气也不同，请看下列例句：Perhaps he will leave for home也许他要离开这里回家。he will perhaps leave for home他开辟要离开这里回家去。he will leave , perhaps for home他要离开这里，恐怕要回家去。he will leave for home, perhaps.恐怕他要离开这里回家去吧。辨析： perhaps, probably与maybe三者皆为副词，都有也许、大概之意。 perhaps也许，是也许如此也许不如此的意思。probably大概、肯定的成分比较大。maybe或许，比perhaps普通，不够庄重。My mother will be at home but perhaps she wont.我妈可能在家，但也可能不在家里。He has probably gone to England.他大概去英国了。Maybe your book is on my desk.或许你的书在我桌子上。4.In fact, there are now four different Disneyland amusement parks around the world.实际上，全世界现在有四个不同的迪斯尼游乐场。（1）different在该句中意为不同的。其名词是difference。常用于be different from短语中.My ideas is different from yours.我的观点与你的不一样。The weather in Australia is quite different from that in China.澳大利亚的天气与中国的大不相同。(2) around作为介词，有“在周围，到处，大约之意”。I traveled around the world.我周游了世界。Its around/about ten oclock.大约有10点了。around还可作副词用，表示在周围，在附近，到处，各处等。They found nothing around.他们发现附近没什么东西。We travel around together.我们一起到各地旅游。5. This means that you can find Disney characters all over the roller coaster.那意味着你会在旱冰场上到处看见迪斯尼的知名人物。（1）mean表示“意味着”用来表示人的言论或行为，某一标志或词语的意思所指。What do you mean? 你的话是什么意思。What does this word mean?=Whats the meaning of this word?这个词是什么意思？（2）意欲，打算He means to go tomorrow.他打算明天去。He meant no harm; he only meant to help.他没有恶意，仅想帮忙。(3)有意义，有价值，常和much, little等连用。His work means o lot of him. 他的工作对他意义很大。It doesnt mean a thing to her that we are all waiting because shes late.因为他迟到我们都在等他，可他却认为这不是什么大不了的事。6. You wont have any problem finding rice, noodles, dumplings.你回毫不费力地找到米饭、面条、水饺。have problems (in) doing 这一结构表示“做谋事很费劲”。介词in指某一方面，在句中可省略，后面接动词+ing形式。problem是可数名词，在句型中作“困难、麻烦”解，这里problems还可以用difficulty或trouble代替，但这两个词在句型中作不可数名词用。We had some problems getting to the top of mountain.到达山顶我们费了很大劲。I didnt have any problems finding my uncles house.我毫不费力地找到我叔叔家。 He had some problems working out the problem.他解这道题很费劲。注意:这一句型的否定句还可改成do something without any problems/difficulty/trouble句型。 He didnt have any problems finding my house.=He founding house without any difficulty/trouble.他毫不费力地找到了我的家。7. It might seem strange to go to a zoo when its dark.天黑时去动物园好像很奇怪。seem在此为“好像、似乎”之意，其后加形容次。He seems unhappy today.他今天好像不高兴。She seems sad.她似乎很伤心。它的常用句型如下：1）seem +(to be) +n.They seem (to be)doctors.他们好像是医生。He seems a students.他们好像是学生。2） seem +(to be) +介词It seems like years since I last saw Mr Green.从上次遇到格林先生，好像与过了许多年。3） seem to do something.He seems to be happy. 他好像很高兴My mother seemed to know that. 我妈妈好像知道那件事。4） It seem that +It seems that he is happy.=He seems (to be) happy 他好像很快乐It seems that she is thinking.=It seemed that she was sleeping then.他好像在考虑什么。Period 3语法：The Present Perfect tense I(现在完成时)1、构成have (has)+V.P.P动词过去分词（past participle）2、用法1)表示过去发生的动作，并对现在有影响。常于already, yet, just, ever, never before等表示不确定时间的状语连用。也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如：this morning, today, this year,.等连用。例如：I have just posted a letter. The concert has already started. They havent finished the work yet. It has been hot this summer.2)表示过去已经开始，持续到现在（也许还会继续下去）的动作或状态，如：today, these days, since.for., now等连用例如：He has worked here for ten years. We have known each other since we were children. They have been in Beijing since 1990. I havent seen him these days.注意：现在完成时和表示段时间的状语连用是，动词必须是可延续的，不能用表示短暂意义的动词。例如：She has come back here since a week ago.(wrong) She has been back here since a week ago.(right) I have bought the dictionary for two months.(wrong) I have had the dictionary for two months.(right)与段时间连用时，常用动词的变化如下：come-be go-be buy-have borrow-keep begin-be on leave-be away(from) get up-be up die-be dead fall ill-be ill arrive- be become-be join-be a member of./be in. get to know-know3) have been(to)指“到过某地”，说话时此人已不在那里（not be here）或已回来（be back）, 侧重指经历。have gone (to)指“已经去了某地”，说话时此人可能在路上，(be on the way,或已在那里，be there),反正不在这里(be not here)。4)The sample past tense and the present perfect tense 一般过去时与现在完成时 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是现在的情况。他不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态，和现在不发生关系，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。Exercises:1. Have you been to the Great Wall_? Yes. I went there two years _. A. before, ago B. ago, before C. before, before 2. Have you been to Water World, Martha? No, I havent been there _. A. already B. never C. yet3.The Smiths _ London for nearly three years. A. will be B. have left C