武汉理工大学研究生英文下册课后翻译.doc

Unit6 DictionaryPassage One1. My dictionary never became very large and after a while I turned to making a football scrapbook like most other children of my age, but for a few months I put some effort in attempt to outdo the Oxford English.我的词典一直没办法变得很大，所以一段时间后我就跟我的同龄儿童一样转而编写足球剪贴簿。但有几个月，我努力想超过牛津英语词典。2. When a word occurs in such phrases, they are either indicated in a dictionary entry or they have entries to themselves.当词出现在这样的短语中时，它们要么在词典的条目中标出，要么单独列为词条。3. I reworded them of course-even at the tender age of 12, I was intuitively aware of the danger of plagiarism-but I saw my role as one of collating the wisdom of previous lexicographers.当然我进行了改写甚至是在12岁这么一个幼小的年龄，我从直觉上就意识到剽窃的危害。可是我只是起到了整理以前词典编纂家智慧的作用。4. Now that all these new descriptive facts, including word frequencies, common patterns of collocation etc., are at our disposal, it is self-evident that they should be recorded in the dictionary to reflect accurately the state of the contemporary language.既然所以这些新的统计数据已经在手，包括词频、常见词语搭配形式等，将他们收录在词典里准确地反映当代语言的状况也是理所当然的。5.This means we are in better position than ever before to provide a description of English that reliably corresponds to the way that people speak and write the language.这意味着我们现在处在比以往任何时候都更优越的地位，能够可靠地对英语进行描述，并与人们说或写这种语言的方式保持一致。Passage Two1. There were said to be something like two million of these slips already collected, tied together in rough order, no doubt covered in dust and lint, curled and yellow, and perhaps even crumbling themselves with age and decrepitude.据说这些纸条研究收集了两百万条，粗略分类后捆在一起，不要说已经布满了飞尘。有的纸条已经卷曲发黄，有的因年久而破碎。2. Our problem was that readers had never bothered to consider with much enthusiasm what might be called the ordinary words of the language-they had succumbed to an understandable temptation to send in slips for interesting words, but not for the prosaic ones.问题之一是：志愿阅读者对于所谓“普通词语”的热情关注向来就不高；他们总是受到某种诱惑力的吸引，寄来一些令人感兴趣的词汇的引语，而不是日常词汇的引语。3. Take special note of passages which show or simple that a word is either new and tentative, or needing explanation as obsolete and archaic, and which thus help to fix the date of its introduction or disuse.有些段落要特别注意：它能显示一个词刚刚开始试用，或由于古老、过时而需要解释，这样的段落有助于确定那个词被引进或停止使用的时间。4. One has to assume, if unkindly, that those living under the heel of firmly prescriptive linguistic authorities were a little unsure how prudent it might be to read for a book that would be so widely different in its constitution from those they were used to.人们不禁会不太友善地猜测，这是由于坚持规定学语言学观点的权威学者的影响。在这些地方的人们也许囤于原来的习惯，对于为编写完全不同的词典进行文献阅读该如何审慎小心抱有一定的犹豫态度。5. The sub-editors who did all these checking would pin together the slips that fed into each category of meaning and attach with the same pin a piece of paper that showed a first attempt at a definition of what the slips quotations appeared to show the word to mean.助理编辑把所有的核对做完后，用一根别针把属于同一类词义的纸条别在一起，并且根据引语所显示的词义，尝试写出定义的初稿，把初稿定义的纸条也别在这小捆纸条上。Unit7 Education and EmploymentPassage One1.FourteenyearsofhighereducationandahandfulofIvyLeaguedegrees,andthereIwas stiffandstupid,struckdumbbymyowndumbness.”Ivy retardation,” a friend of mine calls this.我十四年的大学教育和在几所常春藤大学工作的经历使得我傻乎乎站在那里，笨拙不堪，尴尬不已。有个朋友称这种现象为“常春藤错位”。2. Toconsiderthatwhilesomeopportunitiesarebeingcreated,othersarebeingcanceledandthatwhilesomeabilitiesarebeingdeveloped,othersarebeingcrippledis,withinthiscontext,notonlyoutrageous,butinconceivable.但在这个背景下，如果认为它创造了一些机会，却也毁灭了一些机会，培养了一些能力，却也削弱了一些能力，这不仅离谱，更是难以置信的。3. Thereisnothingwrongwithtakingprideinonesintellectorknowledge.Thereissomething wrongwiththesmugnessandself-congratulationthateliteschoolsconniveat.对自己的智慧或者知识感到自豪没有任何不对的地方，问题在于名牌大学所纵容的沾沾自喜和自我吹捧。4.Not the most abject academic failure,not the most heinous act of plagiarism,not eventhreatening afellowstudentwithbodilyharmIveheardofallthreewillgetyouexpelled.不管是最不幸的学业失败，还是最可恶的抄袭劣行，甚至用身体伤害威胁其他同学，这三种情况我都听说过，都不会让你被开除。5. Longbeforetheygottocollege,theyturnedthemselvesintoworld-classhoop-jumpersandteacher-pleasers,gettingAsineveryclassnomatterhowboringtheyfoundtheteacherorhow pointlessthesubject,rackingupeightor10extracurricularactivitiesnomatterwhatelsethey wantedtodowiththeirtime.在他们进入大学之前很久就已经把自己变成了世界一流的俯首帖耳、讨好老师的小爬虫，不管他们觉得这个老师多么乏味或者这门课多么没有意义，仍然会每门课上都得优秀，不管他们多么想用课余时间做些自己想做的事，他们还是尽量去参加八到十个课外活动。Passage Two6. Certainlymanyneuroticboomerparentsandtheirstressed-out, resume-buildingteenagersassumethatitisalwaysbettertochooseHarvardoverBigStateUniversitybecause of Harvards presumably superior educational environment,better alumni connections,and more lucrative on-campus recruiting opportunities.当然很多出生期高峰的父母和他们过度紧张，忙着增加阅历的青少年孩子们想当然的认为，选择哈佛永远比选州立大学好。因为哈佛大概有优越的教育环境，更好的校友圈子，以及更加诱人的校园招聘机会。7. Itstruethatbiglawfirms,majorteachinghospital,andinvestmentbanksheck,eventheofficesof FORTUNE-arestuffedwithIvyLeaguers . Itsalsotruethatifyouwanta career at what passes for the American establishment Sullivan&Cromwell, McKinsey,GoldmanSachsa gilt-edgeddiploma isadistinctadvantage.事实上，大型法律公司，主要示教医院和投资银行，甚至是财富杂志的办公室人员都是来自常春藤的成员学校。这也是事实，如果你想在被当作美国经济基石的公司谋得一份职业，如苏利文克伦威尔律师事务.麦肯锡、高盛等，那么一份镶金的学位证书无疑是一个独特的优势。8.TheadvantagesofHarvard,inotherwords,conferfewbenefitsontheclassslacker.RobertZemsky, aneducationprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvania,whobelievesaprestigiousundergraduatedegree doespayoff,putsitinthisway:”Itslikethebrassringonamerry-go-round.Ifyougotoahigh-priced,highlyselectiveschool,youhaveabettershotatthebrassring.Butyouhavetograbit.”换句话说，哈佛的优势在于不会让那些翘课的学生受益。一位宾州大学的教育学教授罗伯特泽姆斯基认为读有名的大学是划算的，他这样说：“这就好比是旋转木马上的铜环。如果你选择去一个昂贵的高选择性的学校，你就有更好的机会能够击中铜环。但是你必须得抓住它”。9.Solistenup,highschoolseniors:YourlifeisnotoverifyouendupattheUniversityofOklahoma.Infact, ifyouwanttobegovernorofOklahomawhenyougrowup,youreprobablybetteroffgraduatingaSooner.所以，请高校的高年级学生注意听好了：如果你仅仅只是毕业于俄克拉荷马州立大学你的人生并没有完蛋。而事实上，如果你想长大后成为俄克拉荷马州的州长，你还能够近水楼台先得月。 10.Moststudiesusefutureincome,thefavoriteyardstickofthosedeadsoulscalledeconomists.Butknowing thecost-benefitratioofapurchaseisnotthesameasknowingitsvalue.很多研究运用未来收入，因为这是那些被称为经济学家的老家伙们最青睐的计算标准。但是，知道一件所购之物的成本效益率并不等于知道了它的价值。Unit8 TravelPassage One1.As darkness fell on the olive trees and the grazing deer, I slipped into the jacuzzi in my tree house and listened to the Pacific breakers roll in.当夜幕降临在橄榄树和吃草的群鹿身上，在树屋中，我滑进按摩浴缸，听着太平洋的波涛滚滚的声音。2. Kaikoura is not a name that trips off the tongue when you list those lucky places that offer encounters with nature and a touch of luxury.与那些让游人接触大自然和获得奢侈享受的著名景点相比，凯库拉并不是人们耳熟能详的名字。3.Theres a shock of cold water and a heave of ocean swell, even though were within sight of the mountains ,not half a mile from the shore.尽管我们还能看到山峦，离岸边还不到半英里，却感到一股冰冷的水袭和湍急的海涌。4.Today, the hunt is for thrills not kills.今天，追踪鲸鱼是为了刺激而不是杀戮。5.Its a view that the modern world is starting to share .And here in Kaikoura, you can experience it for real.这一个点当今世界渐达共识。在凯库拉这里，你可以真真切切体验到。Passage Two6.It often puts a strain on water resources and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources.它常常造成的水资源紧张的局面，迫使当地居民争夺紧缺资源。 7.Because of the hot climate and the tendency of tourists to consume more water when on holiday than they do at home, the amount used can run up to 440 liters a day.由于气候炎热，游客度假时倾向于使用比在家里更多的水，用水量可达到每天 440升。8.In areas with high concentrations of tourist and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment - rivers, scenic areas and roadsides.在旅游活动集中地区和颇具人气的自然景点，废物处理是一个严峻的问题，处置不当可能威胁到自然环境河流、风景区、路边。 9.Often tourism fails to integrate its structures with the natural features and indigenous architecture of the destination.通常旅游业未能将其结构与当地自然特性和本土建筑相结合。 10.It can also cause loss of biodiversity when land and resources are strained by excessive use, and when impacts to vegetation, wildlife, mountain, marine and coastal environments and water resources exceed the carrying capacity.当土地和资源被过度使用，植被、野生动物、高山、海洋和海岸环境和水资源超出其承载能力时，也会导致生物多样性的丧失 。Unit9 Beauty and FashionPassage One1. Onanyday,theaverageUSconsumerisexposedtoconstantmessagesaboutbeautyandappearance.每一天，美国消费者都会接触到源源不断的有关美丽和外貌的信息。2. Cosmeticinterventionsareaboutnormalizing-that is,strivingtoachievethecurrentcultural norms of appearance.整容手术是一个标准化的问题，即尽力实现当前大家都认同的外貌标准。3. Themoredevotedsocietybecomestophysicallooks,themoredifficultitisforregularpeoplewhomayfeelthattheydonotmeasureup.社会越多关注外在样貌，普通人越会感觉到难以符合标准。4. Theorganizationencouragespatientstobecomeeducatedabouttheiroptions.这个组织鼓励患者对自己的选择要有所认识和了解。5. So,too,doestheamountoftimeandmoneywespendonwhatisultimatelyafutilegoal:changingtime.同样，我们在这样一个终归是毫无意义的目标上耗费的时间和金钱也是如此：只是为了欺骗岁月。Passage Two6. Thegovernmentssuddendecisiontoaskforahalttobreast-enlargementoperationsbecause theymightbeunsafehasterrified2millionwomenwhohavehadthem.政府突然决定要停止施行隆胸手术，理由是这种手术可能不够安全。这一决定使得二百万接受过这一手术的妇女感到惊恐。7. UntilrecentlythemostremarkablethingaboutcosmeticsurgeryinAmerica,washowunremarkableitwas.在美国美容业当前最引人注目的事是它过去多么为人们所忽视。8. Newrulesmaydisciplinetheindustry,buttheyareunlikelytostopitgrowingunlesstheAmericanobsessionwithphysicalbeautysours.新的规定可能会对这一行业有所约束，但不大可能阻止它的发展，除非美国人不再迷恋于体形美。9. Whenpushedtodefendtheirtrade,cosmeticsurgeonsarguethat”vanitysurgery”isoftenjust anextensionofreconstructivesurgery.迫于舆论压力，整容医生也不得不为自己的行业辩护。他们争辩说，被称为“美容外科”的整容术常常只不过是再造手术的一种延续而已。10. Criticssaysthisissurroundingtheiridentitiestothewhitestereotypesthatappearonthemedia.Surgeons saysthatthepointismoresubtle:minoritieswantstode-emphasizeratherthaneradicatetheirlooks.评论家指出这是放弃他们自身的特征而屈从于宣传媒介中出现的那种白人的形象。整容医生说事情还有更加微妙之处，其实少数名族只想别太突出他们的外表而不是非要根除他们的容貌特征。Unit10 Environment EngineeringPassage One1. Thespillis”aninsidiousenemy.”saidCoastGuardAdmiralThadW.Allen,“Thisisalongcampaign,andweregoingtobedealingwiththisfortheforeseeablefuture”.美国海岸警卫队司令泰德 艾伦说：“漏油是一个阴险狡猾的敌人，这将是一场持久战，为了不远的将来，我们当然会全力以赴。2. Evenwhenthecompanydidsomethingright,itcouldntdoitright.即使公司采取了正确的措施也于事无补了。3. PresidentBarackObama-criticizedforbeingtoocoolinacrisis-hasbeguntoreflectAmericas rage.在墨西哥湾漏油事故发生后，一直置身事外而饱受诟病的奥巴马总统，开始回应国人的愤怒。4. Andallofusbearresponsibilitytoofordependingonanddemandingcheapoilunderwrittenbyriskydrillingwhileshowingagainandanginaattheballotboxthatwewouldntsupportagovernmentthatreallyregulatedtheindustry.我们也咎由自取，因为我们过分依赖和需求有高风险钻井开采的廉价石油，同时，在投票选举中我们也一次次地反对真正能规范这个行业的政府行为。5.Asdifficultascleaningtheoiloverthenextseveralmonthswillbe,moppingupthebureaucraticslop thatledtotheGulfspillwillbefartougher.接下来的几个月清理油污会很困难，而清除导致海湾油漏事件的官僚政治腐败更举步维艰。Passage Two6. Ifconservationistshopetosaveeventhewildlandsandwildcreatures,theyaregoingtohave toaddressissuesofeconomy,whichistosayissuesofthehealthofthelandscapesandthetownsandcitieswherewedo ourwork,andthequalityofthatwork,andthewell-beingofthepeople whodothework.如果生态环境保护者们希望能挽救的即使是荒地和野生动物，他们也将不得不解决经济方面的问题，也就是地区风貌和我们工作的城镇、城市的健康问题，以及这项工作的质