Unit1Nothingventured教师版（发给章宏宇）.doc

Unit 1 Nothing ventured, nothing gained出题人：李 昊 出题时间：2014年7月15日Section 1:1. venture n. 商业，企业；冒险的行动 v. 冒险，敢于做He failed in his ventures. 他投机失败。She is ready for any venture. 她准备冒任何危险。Nobody ventured any objection at the meeting. 会上无人敢提反对意见。He ventured his life to rescue the drowning child. 他冒着生命危险去救那个快要淹死的孩子。小心地说，谨慎地做 venture to do sth. 冒着的危险 venture sth on sth Many people now venture their money on(冒险把钱投在) the stock market. (venture)2. endurance n. 忍耐力，耐性；持久 (本文指船名”持久号”)He showed remarkable power of endurance. 他表现出十分突出的忍耐力。Long distance runners need great endurance. 长跑运动员需要有很大的耐力。忍无可忍 beyond endurance 耐力测试 endurance test Vt. 忍耐，容忍；持久 endure 可忍受（容忍）的 endurable We endured many hardships during the war. 我们在战时忍受了很多的苦难。If help does not come, we must endure to the end. 我们必须坚持到最后。The enduring peace shouldnt be broken by few countries. 持久的和平Seeing animals cruelly treated is beyond endurance. 看到动物被虐待简直是忍无可忍。What he said isnt endurable. 他所说的让人无法容忍。3. block out 封闭；画出的略图I have blocked out a plan of the house. 我已绘出了房子的草图。They had to block out all entrances to stop the spreading of the fire.他们不得不封住所有入口以阻挡大火的蔓延。Try to block up these holes in the wall. 设法堵塞这些墙洞。（阻碍，阻塞，堵塞）That wall _(挡住) all the light. Blocks upThis area has been _( 封闭). Blocked out4. rotten 腐烂的；变质的；腐朽的 rot v. 腐烂；腐烂变质 rot away 烂掉The fruit is starting to go rotten. 水果开始腐烂变质了。 She is a rotten singer. 她是一个蹩脚的歌手。 非常糟糕的，恶劣的，蹩脚的The organization is rotten to the core. 腐败的（这个组织腐败透顶。）Some apples rotted on the tree. 有些苹果在树上就腐烂了。(rot)The window frame has rotten away completely (已经完全烂掉了).Too much sugar will rot your teeth (使你的牙齿腐烂).Food goes rotten (腐烂) easily in summer. 5. blacken vt. 变黑，使变黑He blackened the wrong parts in his composition. 他把作文中的错误部分涂黑。使丰富 enrich 鼓励 encourage 加强 strengthen 使锋利 sharpen 使扩大 enlarge 使处于危险 endanger 使(变)黑 darken 加宽 widen 加深 deepen The road is so narrow, and it will be widened (加宽) this summer. Encouraged (激励) by his words, his students devoted all of their time to study.The power of the central government has been further strengthened(加强).That experience enlarged (拓宽，扩大) their knowledge about history.circumstance n. 环境；详情；境况The circumstances forced me to accept th plan. 环境迫使我不得不接受这项计划。I know I can trust her in any circumstance. 我知道我在任何情形下都可以相信她。Dont ask me for my family circumstances. 别问我的家庭境遇。Under no circumstances _ nuclear weapons first. (use)中国绝不首先使用核武器。 Will China usein any circumstance 在任何情形下 under no circumstances 决不(位于句首时，句子倒装)6. hold on 坚持，继续；(打电话时用语)请等一下，不要挂断They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们勉强坚持到救援到来。Could you hold on? Ill just see if the manager is in. 你不要挂断电话好吗？我去看一看经理在不在。压低，压制 hold down 阻止，抑制，隐瞒 hold back 抓住；执着于，固守 hold on to 伸出，持续，坚持到底 hold out 举起，阻止 hold up We can stay here for as long as our supplies hold out .我们可以在这里一直待到我们的储备品用完。She just managed to hold back her anger. 她总算抑制住了自己的愤怒情绪。He hasnt turned up. What held him up? 他到现在还没到。是什么耽误了他？7. bless v. 赐福于，感谢；I blessed him for helping me. 真要谢谢他帮了我。有幸得到，被赋予 be blessed withOur country is blessed with natural resources. 我们国家拥有丰富的自然资源。n. 祝福，幸运 blessing adj. 神圣的，有福的；该死的 blessedGood health is a blessing. 健康就是幸福。My being late is all for that blessed car.Father gives his blessing to our holiday plans.8. So it was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement: 于是在1914年7月的一个早晨，我极其兴奋地读了以下这则广告：_ that the little girl got in touch with her father? (how)这个小女孩是怎样和她爸爸取得联系的？ How was it thatIt was what the headmaster said at the meeting _ us. (surprise) 正是校长在会上所说的使我们很吃惊。 That really surprised9. hook n. 钩，吊钩；vt. 钩住；使入迷，上瘾He hung his coat on the hook behind the door. 他把外套挂在门后的挂钩上。Keep still; your hair is hooked on a button. 别动，你的头发钩在纽扣上了。She was hooked by what the man had said. 那个男人说的话把她给迷住了。10. crush vt. 压碎，碾碎；弄皱；（喻）镇压，制服，压垮He crushed the chair by sitting on it. 他坐在椅子上面将椅子压破。The general crushed the rebellion. 将军镇压了叛乱。n. 极度挤压；极度拥挤；果汁，粉碎There is always such a crush on the train in the morning. 早晨火车上总是那么拥挤。He crushed his way (挤出一条路来) across the hall to his seat.The machine can crush wheat into (将小麦磨成) powder.Crush ones way 奋力挤出一条路来 o. 将.碎成11. urgent adj. 急迫的，紧急的I must post this letter; its urgent. 我必须发这封信，它很紧急。Its not so urgent that we can do it next week or whenever. 这件事没那么急，我们可以下星期或其他时候做。It is urgent that. .很紧急 make an urgent decision 做出紧急决定n. 紧急，迫切；强求；催促 urgency vt. 推进，极力主张，强调，力劝，激励；n. 冲动，热情，强烈要求 urge urge that sb. (should) do sth. urge. on / upon 力劝.urge sb. + (not) to do sth. 力劝、怂恿.做(不做)某事urge sb. into doing sth. 力劝、怂恿某人做某事She urged that I (should) apologize to him. 她主张我应该向他道歉。He urged his horse on. 他策马前进。They urged us into going/to go with them. 他们力劝我们跟他们一起走。12. perseverance n. 毅力，坚韧，坚持不懈 persevere v. 坚忍；坚持This job can be done only with perseverance. 必须有毅力才能完成这项工作。Though he is over sixty, he perseveres with his work. 他虽已六十多岁，但仍孜孜不倦地工作。persevere (at /with/in) v. 坚持, 坚持不懈.persevering adj. 坚持不懈的，坚持住的He persevered with his work. 他孜孜不倦地工作。把工作坚持下去，你就会成功。 Persevere with your work and youll succeed.13. swear vt. & vi. (swore; sworn) 发誓，宣誓；郑重承诺（不用于被动语态）swear to do sth./swear that / 名词 发誓Before giving evidence you have to swear an oath. 在作证之前你得先发誓。He swore never to drink. 他发誓说，他从未去过那个房间。She swore that she had never seen him. 她肯定地说，她从未见过他。She made him swear not to tell anyone. 她要他发誓不告诉任何人。advocate vt. 支持；拥护；提倡Our premier advocates higher salaries for teachers. 我们的总理支持提高教师的工资。Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour. 很多专家提倡对你的孩子的良好表现加以奖励。Section 21. freezing (1) adj. 冻结的；冰冻的；极冷的 freezing point 冰点 Shut the window; Im freezing.关上窗户，我冷极了！ Its freezing outside! 外面冷极了！ (2) adv. 冰冻一样地 Its freezing cold outside. 外面极为寒冷。 freeze v. 酷寒，使冻结，冰僵，毛骨悚然 Please freeze the fish and meat. 请把鱼和肉冷冻起来。 It froze hard last night. 昨晚冷得厉害。 The story froze me with terror. 那故事把我吓得毛骨悚然。 比较：freezing表示天气、态度等极冷的、冷淡的 frozen 表示食品的冷冻或人的冷淡无情，常修饰名词。(冷冻的) a frozen heart冷酷的心 frozen fish 冷冻鱼What _ weather it is. freezing The match girl was _ dead at night. frozen_strawberries dont taste nice. frozen 冷冻的草莓就不好吃了。The smile froze on her face at the bad news. 听到那个坏消息，笑容在她脸上僵住了。2. gratitude出于感激 out of gratitude 感激地，感谢地 with gratitudeHe accepted her help with gratitude. 他心怀感激地接受了她的帮助。He gave them a lovely bookcase in gratitude for their kindness.他送给他们一个精致的书橱以答谢他们的好意。He smiled at them _. 他感激地朝他们笑了笑。 With gratitude3. punishment n. 惩罚，惩处He was sent to his room as a punishment. 他被罚回到他的房间。The punishment is too much for such a child. 对这样一个孩子来说处罚太重了。通过某事惩罚某人 punish sb. with/by sth. 因为某事惩罚某人 punish sb. for sth. She was punished for telling a lie. 她因说谎而被处罚了。(punish)They have been punished by law. 他们受到了法律的惩罚。It was no wonder that Frank Wild, the kindest of men, describes “crying like a baby” when he saw Shackleton return at last with the rescue party. 难怪弗兰克.怀尔德-最友善的船员描述到，当他看到沙克尔顿最终带着救援队返回时，他当时”哭得像个孩子”。(It is) no wonder (that) +句子这一结构意为：难怪，并不奇怪，当然难怪他总是考第一。 Its no wonder that he always gets the first in the exams. No wonder he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。我想知道他在做什么。I wonder what he is doing .我们没想到他那么粗鲁。 We all wondered at his rudeness.wonder n.奇迹；惊讶的事； v.想知道；使惊讶do / work wonders 创造奇迹 wonder at / about (doing) sth. 对.感到惊讶Section 31. odd adj. 奇数的，单个的，少量的，不经常的，奇怪的，古怪的His odd behaviors made us surprised. 他古怪的行为令我们吃惊。He hasnt got a regular job, but earns some money by doing odd jobs for old people. 他没有固定工作，但他靠为老人打零工赚钱。 2. Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island.我们留在了岛上，看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离大象岛。(1) 过去分词作状语Given a chance, I can surprise the world. 给我一次机会，我能使世界震惊。Written in a simple style, the book is popular with young man.这本书风格简约，深受年轻人欢迎。(write)(2) leavebehind 遗留，忘记携带；留下I left my hat behind on the chair. 我把帽子忘在椅子上了。The lights of the city were soon left behind. 都市的灯光不久就被抛在了后面。_ to train his daughter in computer, he put an ad like this in the paper, “_, a computer teacher for a ten-year-old girl.” A. Determined; Wanted B. Determined; Wanting C. Determines; Wanted D. Determining; Wanting3. delay v. 延迟，延期；耽搁 n. 推迟，延期的事，耽搁The train was delayed for two hours.delay (doing) sth. 推迟、耽搁(做)某事 (不跟不定式做宾语) without delay 毫不延迟地What delayed you so long yesterday？昨天什么事耽搁你这么长时间？We delayed sending these books to their school because of the storm.由于这场暴风雨，我们延期把这些书送到他们学校。We _ until the weather improves. (departure)我们必须延迟到天气好转再出发。 must delay our departureI arrived there without delay. 我顺利抵达，毫不耽搁。4. discourage vt. 使丧失勇气，使泄气/气馁；阻拦，劝阻discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝阻某人干某事Dont let one failure discourage you. 勿因一次失败而气馁。His parents discouraged him from joining the air force. 劝他不要参加(空军)应该劝阻学生沉溺于玩电脑游戏。Students should be discouraged from being addicted to computer games.discouragement n. 挫折，气馁，泄气，阻拦，扫兴（的事）discouraged adj. 泄气的，气馁的，沮丧的discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的If you meet with any difficulty in your study, dont be discouraged.如果你在学习中遇到困难，不要灰心。We were all discouraged at the discouraging news that no one would encourage us to venture on the island. Her parents tried to discourage her from becoming a singer, which is a discouragement.5. grasp vt.抓紧；抓住(机会); 理解，领悟，明白,掌握; I grasped the opportunity to work abroad. 我抓住机会去国外工作。 He grasped my hand and shook warmly. 他热情地抓住我的手握了起来。I grasped her by the wrist. 我紧紧抓住她的手腕。 He tried his best to grasp his meaning. 他试图弄懂他的意思。grasp at 试图抓住，急于接住 He grasped at anything that might help him. 他试图抓住任何对自己有利的东西。 n. 抓住，理解 Success is within his grasp. 成功唾手可得。 These sentences are beyond the grasp of the child. 这些句子超出了这孩子的理解。写出下列句中grasp的汉语意思He grasped the rope and pulled it. ( 抓，握住 )He doesnt have a thorough grasp of the issue. ( 理解， 领悟 )6. give off 发出，放出（蒸汽，气味等）The engine gives off smoke and steam. 发动机排放出烟和蒸汽。The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume. 这些花散发出芳香。 放弃，停止，抛弃 give up 归还，后退，反射（声，光等）give back 投降，屈服，让步；交上 give in 发布，发出（声音，光线，气味等）give out 送掉，赠送，泄露，出卖 give away give way to 让路，让步，妥协，让步，屈服 I wish I could give up drinking. 我希望自己能戒酒。 His accent gave him away as a northerner. 他的口音让人听出他是北方人。 He has refused to give out any information on the matter. 他拒绝透露有关此事的任何消息。 Do you think the President will give in to the terrorists demand? 你认为总统会对恐怖分子的要求让步吗？In some countries, drivers _ traffic coming in on the right.在有些国家，司机要给来自右方的车辆让道。 Give way toIts wise to _ each other at proper time. Give way to适当的时候彼此让步是明智的。7. die down （火，兴奋，暴风雨，光线等）渐弱，渐息;（声音）静下来 The fire died down at last. 火终于灭了。 Dont worry. The gossip will soon die down. 别担心，流言蜚语很快就会平息的。 绝种，死光，（风俗习惯等）消失，消灭 die out （声音，光线，风等）渐渐消失 die away 先后死去，一一死去 die off Many old customs are dying out. 很多古老的习俗正在消失。If the snowstorm does not blow over, the cattle will die off.如果暴风雪不停息，很多牲畜就要死掉了。She waited until the footsteps had died away. 她一直等到脚步声消失。用die away / out / off / down的适当形式填空This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.They had to watch their children _ through lack of food. Die offIt took a long time for the excitement to die down. The noise of the plane died away/down in the distance.8. bored adj. 无聊的，无趣的，烦人的 I was bored with reading such novels. 我厌烦读这样的小说。 bore sb. with sth./ by doing 以 令人厌烦 He always bores her by telling the same story. 他总是重复同样的故事，使她很厌烦。 The boring speech made people present sleepy. 那无聊的演讲使在场的人们昏昏欲睡。9. caution n. 小心，谨慎，警告 v. 劝人小心，警告某人 cautious adj. 谨慎的，慎重的cautiously adv. 谨慎地 He got along with his boss with caution. 他小心地与老板相处。 I cautioned him not to do that again. 我警告他不要再那样做了。警告某人某事 caution sb. about sth. 对小心/谨慎 be cautious of /about警告某人不要做某事 caution sb. against doing/ not to do sth.with caution 小心地，谨慎地 She is cautious of telling secrets. 她很谨慎，不会泄露秘密。 The teacher cautioned him against being late. 老师警告他不要迟到。10. set out清楚而详细地解释或描绘(to explain ,describe, or arrange something in a clear and detailed way, especially in writing) ,认真着手(做某事);出发；陈列或摆设The reasons for my decisions are set out in my report.我在报告里逐项列出了做出该决定的原因。He _ for the department in his report.他在报告中详细陈述了他对部门发展的计划。 Set out his plansWhen we set out this project, we knew it would be successful.After a short rest, we set out again.Please set out the chairs for the meeting in rows of ten.语法专题-定语1. 形容词作定语他是一个诚实、勤勉的男孩。He is an honest and hardworking boy.1) 表语形容词作定语时须后置，如alive, asleep, awake等。活着的人_ people alive 醒着的那个人_ the person alive2) 多个形容词的顺序为：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。颜色国籍出材料，作用类别往后靠。 一座大而老的石桥_ a big old stone 3) present, proper, left作定语时后置。所有在场的人_ all the people present4) 形容词修饰不定代词时须后置 必要的东西_ something necessary5) 复合形容词作定语时，连字符连接的名词必须是单数。一座20米长的桥_ a twenty-meter-long bridge2. 名词作定语They are women pilots. 她们是女飞行员。1) woman, man作定语时，当所修饰词为单数时，它们用单数；当所修饰词为复数时，它们用复数，但boy, girl一律用单数。2) 名词作定语时，一般用单数，但某些常用复数的词，当它们用作定语时，也须用复数。如_武器生产 _ 服装商店 _ 营业部Arms production clothes shops sales department3) 代词作定语_ is worth considering. 他的建议值得考虑。 His proposal4) 数词作定语The sun is 93,000,000 miles away. 太阳离我们九千三百万公里。5) 副词作定语She met me _. On the / her way home她在回家的路上碰到我。上面的窗户_ the window above_外面的直升飞机 the helicopter outsideThe students there are from France. 那边的学生来自法国。介词短语作定语Well have a report _ on Sunday morning. On current affairs我们周日上午要听当今的形势报告。 不定式(短语)作定语Thats the teaching plan _. For you to discuss这就是供你讨论的那份教学计划。 不定式作定语表示将来的动作，且不定式作定语要后置；或者修饰其前有序数词的名词。Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese_. To walk in space翟志刚是第一个在太空行走的中国人。 有许多问题要解决。(deal) _.There are many problems to deal with V-ing形式作定语一颗冉冉升起的太阳 _ a rising sun1) v-ing 作定语，一个词时放在名词前，短语作定语要后置。住在隔壁的女人 _ the woman living in the next door2) v-ing 式作定语表示主动或正在进行的动作。一个在哭泣的孩子 _ a crying child3) v-ing 式作定语表示名词的功能拐杖_ 游泳池_ a walking stick a swimming pool过去分词(短语)作定语过去分词作定语表被动或已经完成的动作。落叶_ 那辆被盗汽车_开水_ fallen leaves the stolen car boiled water_ can never be found again. 失去的时间永远也找不回来。The lost time从句作定语China is a developing country, _. As we know / as is known to all众所周知，中国一个发展中国家。 Exercise1. He needs someone to _. (help)他需要人帮他工作。 Help him with his work2. He was the first person _ at the meeting. (put)他是第一个在会上提出这个问题的人。 To put forward3. There was an old man _.(stand)有个老人正站在我旁边。 Standing beside me4. The school made three rules _ our daily life. (role)学校制定了三条在我们的日常生活中将起重要作用的规则。That would play an important role in5. He wasnt unconscious, _his eyes. (judge)从他的眼睛可以判断出来他并未失去知觉。 As could be judged from / by6. The meeting, _ over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 五千多人参加了欢迎这个伟大英雄的大会。 (Which was) attended by7. The question _ at tomorrows meeting is a very important one. 明天在会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 To be discussed 8. Listen! The song _ is very popular with the students. (song) Being sung听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。 9. The island, _ the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (join)这个岛通过一座桥与大陆相连，去那儿很容易。 (Which is) joined to10. A bank is the place_ you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (lend) where they lend银行是天气好时借给你雨伞，开始下雨时把它要回来的地方。 11. This is the same book _ last week. (lend)这是他上星期借给我的那本书。 That he lent me12. This is the same book _ last week. (lend)这是他上星期借给我的类书。 As he lent me13. I have reached a point in my life _ to make decisions of my own. (suppose)我已到了一生中自己应该作决定的时候了。 Where I am supposed14. My mother was so proud of all _ that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing. (do)妈妈为我所做的一切而感到非常自豪，以至于让我去北京旅游作为奖励。(That) I had done15. Im very grateful to my high school teachers, _ I wouldnt be so excellent. (help)我很感激我的中学老师，没有他们的帮助我