职称英语考试备考辅导职称英语理工类词汇精讲之非谓语动词

职称英语理工类词汇精讲之非谓语动词非谓语动词动名词1.定义：动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构，其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing2.动能：动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用，可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。1.作主语e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。2.作表语e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我们的任务是编计算机程序。3.作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等一会儿好吗?4.作定语e.gThese dialogues may be used as listening materials.(=materials for listening)/这些对话可用作听力材料。3.考点：动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察，而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中，然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以，考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。4.与分词的区别：定语现在分词由原形动词+ing构成，如designing，leaving，stopping等现在分词作定语时，表示正在进行的动作，或经常性的动作，或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man/请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。I，d like to buy a washing(动名词作定语)maching.(a machine for washing)/我想要一台洗衣机。小结：动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语，现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。5.常接动名词作宾语的动词：acknowledge，advocate，anticipate，appreciate，advise，avoid，admit，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enioy，escape，excuse，fancy，favor，finish，f1orgive，imagine，include，involve，justify，keep，mind，miss，pardon，practice，postpone，permit，report，resent，resume，risk，resist，suggest，tolerate6.动名词的习惯用法：be busy/active doinz sth.句型：have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth.Its no good/use doing sth.have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.spend/waste time doing sth.There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doing sth.cannot help doing sth.There is no use doing sth不定式1.单个不定式结构作主语，谓语用单数的形式，但是并列的不定式结构作主语时，谓语应该用复数，如：To go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学，远离他残忍的父亲。2.跟在名词后面作定语，如：the ability to operate the machine操作机器的能力the first(second.1ast)people to speak第一个(第2个，最后一个)发育的人3.跟在be动词的后面作表语，如：( 职称英语考试网 )What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeing(表语)around Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。4.跟在及物动词的后面作其宾语I enjoy talking to you.(宾语)能和你谈话我真高兴。They dont permit smoking(宾语)in the public places.他们不允许在公众场合吸烟。5.对宾语的性质，特征等进行补充说明，作宾语补足语，如：We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一(宾语补足语)我们已经说服他接受了我们的建议。在使役动词和感官动词的后面常带不to的不定式结构作宾语补足语：have(let/make/feel/hear/watch/see/observe)sb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.6.作状语。不定式结构在句子中通常充当结果状语和目的状语。如：He spent much time on his studies to be a top student.一(目的状语)为了成为班上的优等生，他在学习上花了很多的时间He came there to find his friends had left.(结果状语)他到了那里结果发现他的朋友已经走了。7.作为主语补足语，补充说明主语的性质，特征等，如：He is supposed to come here(主语补足语)tomorrow.他应该明天到这里。He is said to have great talent for art.(主语补足语)据说他在艺术方面很有才华。8.常接不定式作宾语的动词：agree，afford，aim，arrange，appear，ask，attempt，choose，claim，decide，desire，determine.expect，fail，guarantee，hope，endeavor，intend，long，mean，manage，offer，plan，pledge，pretend，promise，proceed，prove，resolve，refuse，request，swear，tend，try，wait，wish9.不定式的习惯用法：句型：cannot choose but docanl help butcan do nothing but do have no choice/alternative but to domight as wellwould rather难点解析1.接不定式或动名词在意思上有区别的动词：fmean to do想要(做某事)propose to do打算(做某事)mean doing意味(做某事)propose doing建议(做某事)fforget to do忘记(要做的事)remember to do记得(要做某事)forget doing忘记(已做的事)remember doing记得(已做过的事)regret to do(对将要做的事)遗憾go on to do继而(做另一件事)regret doing(对已做过的事)后悔go on doing继续(做原来的事)fstop to do停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事2.下列动词短语中的to是介词，后面应接动名词或名词：object to，resort to，react