考研模拟考研英语模拟及二

考研英语模拟试题及答案(二)34. With the end of the Cold War, Germany is expected to_ .A remain under the umbrella of the U SB assume a new national prideC become the financial center of EuropeD have surges of rightist killings35. The unique experiment of European Union requires Germany to_ .A enter a post-national eraB return to the old proud FatherlandC abandon sovereignty and governmentD seek a shifting identityText 4For many years, and discussion of reparations to compensate the descendants of African slaves for 246 years of bondage and another century of legalized discrimination was dismissed.Opponents contend that the fledgling reparations movement overlooks many important facts. First, the assert, reparations usually are paid to direct victims, as was the case when the US gov?ernment apologized and paid compensation to Japanese-Americans interned during the World War II. Similarly, Holocaust （大屠杀） survivors have received payments from the Germans. In addition, not all blacks were slaves, and an estimated 3 000 were slave owners.Also, many immigrants not only came to the United States after slavery ended, but they also faced discrimination. Should they pay reparations, too？Or should they receive them？And regardless of how much slave labor contributed to the United States wealth, opponents contend, blacks benefit from that wealth today. As a group, Afro-Americans are the best-educat?ed, wealthiest blacks on the planet.But that attitude is slowly changing. At least cities, including Chicago, Detroit and Washington, have passed resolutions in the past two years urging federal hearings into the impact of slavery. Mainstream civil rights groups such as National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference regularly raise the issue.The surging interest in reparable heightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many as 6 million Africans perished in the journey to the Americas alone. There also is growing attention being paid to the huge economic bounty, that slavery created for private companies and the country as a whole.Earliest this year, Aetna Inc. apologized for selling insurance policies that compensated slave owners for financial losses when their slaves died. Last summer, the Hartford Courant in Connecticut printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads for the sale of slaves and the capture of runaways. Next month, a new California law will require insurance companies to disclose any slave insurance policies they may have issued. The state also is requiring University of California officials to assemble a team of scholars to research the history of slavery and report how current California businesses benefited.Proponents of reparations argue that, even for nearly a century after emancipation, in 65, blacks legally were still excluded from the opportunities that became the cornerstones for the white middle-class.36. The reasons put forward by opponents of reparations include all the following EXCEPT that .A compensations usually go to direct victimsB blacks who came after slavery ended should not receive compensationsC blacks now are enjoying the wealth they created under slaveryD some blacks were slave owners instead of slaves37. Immigrants in paragraph 3 refers to .A Afro-Americans B non-white immigrantsC Japanese-Americans D holocaust survivors38. That the reparations movement is winning support in America is shown in the fact that_ .A federal hearings were held to investigate the impact of slaveryB even mainstream civil rights groups were persuadedC growing attention is being paid to the wealth of the blacksD there was more public awareness of the horrors of the whites39. The two private companies that made public apology had_ .Agiven slave owners financial lossesBsold slaves and captured runawaysCoperated insurance and advertisement businessesDdepended on slavery for their existence40. Which of the following is true according the passage？A US government killed Japanese-Americans during World War II.B A new Californian law disclosed slave-insurance policies.C National Urban League is one of the civil right groups.D Blacks faced no discrimination after liberation in 65.PART B.Directions： In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 4145, choose the most suitable one from the list AG to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Gene therapy could be given in advance to protect high-risk patients from the consequences of suffering a stroke or heart attack, suggests a new study. A team of researchers at Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston, US, and Queens University in Ontario, Canada, have shown that animals equipped with an extra gene can survive simulated heart attacks virtually undamaged. 41_.Strokes and heart attacks occur when blockages in the arteries supplying the brain or heart muscles cut off the supply of blood to tissues. The resulting lack of oxygen kills cells, often leaving people with permanent damage, if they survive. Cells do have ways of protecting themselves when oxygen levels are low. They switch on the genes for a number of protective proteins, including heme oxygenase-1. But the researchers found that it takes hours or more for cells to produce high levels of HO-1, by which time it is too late.42_. The HO-1 protein produced by the gene is identical to the natural human protein. The difference is that the added gene has multiple copies of the switch, or promoter sequence, that turns on protein production.43_. Experiments in the lab show that cells with the extra gene produce high levels of HO-1 within an hour of oxygen levels plummeting. Next, the team injected the virus into the heart, liver or muscle tissue of rats and then cut off the blood supply to these tissues for up to an hour.The level of protection was dramatic,says team member Victor Dzau, now at Duke University in North Carolina. More recent tests show the approach can also protect brain cells, he told New Scientist.44_. But the trouble with this approach is that there is only a narrow window of time when these drugs can make a difference.45._.The researchers believe the approach has broad applications. Besides people who have a high risk of having a stroke or heart attack, the therapy could also help patients with injuries, shock or bacterial infections, which can reduce the blood supply to some tissue or organs, they point out. It could also be given to patients prior to complicated operations. If necessary, more genes could be added to the virus to provide even better protection.A The extra gene makes no difference normally, but when oxygen levels fall, more HO-1 is produced more quickly.B There are already drugs that can be given to patients who suffer heart attacks or strokes to help reduce cell death.CThe gene switches on quickly in conditions of low oxygen and saves cells from death.D Then the extra gene can save the high-risk patients from a stroke or heart attack.E If cells could be coaxed to produce more HO-1 faster, the researchers reasoned, the cells might be saved during a stroke or heart attack. So they modified an adeno-associated virus to deliver an extra HO-1 gene to cells.F The team now plans to test the gene therapy on larger animals such as pigs.We are convinced this strategy is going to be effective,says Dzau.G By the time people reach a hospital and are diagnosed, it is often too late. Giving high-risk patients gene therapy in advance, by contrast, would ensure that the protective mechanism kicks in as soon as it is needed.Part CDirections：Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （ points）Wisdom born of experience should tell us that was is obsolete. 46） There may have been a time when war served as a negative good by preventing the spread and growth of an evil force, but the destructive power of modern weapons eliminates even the possibility that war may serve any good at all. In a day when vehicles hurtle through outer space and guided ballistic missiles carve highways of death through the stratosphere, no nation can claim victory in war. A so-called limited war will leave little more than a calamitous legacy human suffering, political and spiri?tual disillusionment. A world war will leave only smoldering ashes as mute testimony of a human race whose folly led inexorably to ultimate death. 47） If modern man continues toy unhesitat?ingly with war, he will transform his earthly habitat into a hell such as even mind of Dante （但丁） could not imagined48） Therefore I suggest that the philosophy and strategy of nonviolence becomes immedi?ately a subject for study and for serious experimentation in every field of human conflict, by no means excluding the relations between nations. It is, after all, nation-states, which make war, which have produced the weapons that threaten the survival of mankind and which are both genocidal and suicidal in character.We have ancient habits to deal with, vast structures of power, indescribably complicated problems to solve. 49） But until we resign our humanity altogether and yield to fear and incapability in the presence of the weapons we have ourselves created, it is as possible and as urgent to put an end to war and violence between nations as it is to put an end to poverty and racial injus?tice.I do not minimize the complexity of the problems that need to be faced. 50） But I am convinced that we shall not have the will, the courage and the insight to deal with such matters unless in this field we are prepared to undergo a mental and spiritual re-evaluation, a change of focus which will enable us to see that the things that seem most real and powerful are indeed now unreal and have come under sentence of death. We need to