考研备考辅导周固：考研英语阅读真题再思考

周固：考研英语阅读真题再思考(1)考研真题阅读题再思考再做做下面3题：1.Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declared that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade.If its message were confined merely to informationand that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve，for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasiveadvertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.53.The author deems that the well-known TV personality is .A. very precise in passing his judgment on advertisingB. interested in nothing but the buyers attentionC. correct in telling the difference between persuasion and informationD. obviously partial in his views on advertising54.In the authors opinion,A. advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing informationB. advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them overC. there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyerD. the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement2.In this world of change and complexity，the need for information is of greatest importance. Those people who have accurate，reliable up-to-date information to solve the day-to-day problems，the critical problems of their business，social and family life，will survive and succeed. “Knowledge is power” may well be the truest saying and access to information may be the most critical requirement of all people.62.We can learn from the last paragraph that .A. it is necessary to obtain as much knowledge as possibleB. people should make the best use of the information accessibleC. we should realize the importance of accumulating informationD.it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently答案分别为53D、54C、62D，要弄清楚它们为什么是答案；再想想62题的B为何不对？(B不对，因为末段并不是强调信息的利用问题，而是强调信息获取的重要性。)平时，做完题后精读很重要，这是考场准确、快速做题的必备前提。下面这段词句比较复杂，同学们要确保自己真正看懂看透，要理解长句的结构，要认识每一个词和词语(我配上译文，以便大家自我检测理解是对还是不对，尤其带色部分和划线部分)。其实，后面命题者所设计的阅读题就是考查考生们是否能看懂这一部分。The growth of the limited liability company and municipal business had important consequences. Such large，impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class，an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business. All through the nineteenth century，America，Africa，India，Australia and parts of Europe were being developed by British capital，and British shareholders were thus enriched by the worlds movement towards industrialization. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large “comfortable” classes who had retired on their incomes，and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders meeting to dictate their orders to the management. On the other hand “shareholding” meant leisure and freedom which was used by many of the later Victorians for the highest purpose of a great civilization.60. The growth of limited liability companies resulted in .A. the separation of capital from managementB. the ownership of capital by managersC. the emergence of capital and labor as two classesD. the participation of shareholders in municipal business有限责任公司和市政企业的增长具有重大的意义。这种对资本和企业的大规模的、不带个人色彩的操作极大地增加了持股阶层的数量和重要性，这个阶层是国家生活的重要元素，它代表了无需承担责任的财富与土地和土地拥有者的职责分开(持股者光拿钱，不承担管理经营责任，不像以前的地主，有土地财富，但要自己经营)；也与企业的责任管理脱钩。十九世纪中，美洲、非洲、印度、澳洲以及欧洲都被英国的资本开发着，英国的持股者就因为世界的工业化而大发其财。Bournemouth和Eastbourne这样的城镇纷纷涌现，从而为那些凭自己的收入而退休的、大量的“舒适”阶层提供住处，这些人除了在领取红利或者参加股东会议对管理层发号施令的时候之外，与社区其他人没有交往。从另一方面说，“持股”意味着休闲和自由，这正好被后维多利亚时代的人们用来建设一个崇高而伟大文明(意思是：有一部分人休闲和自由，才能去进行文明的更多伟大的创建，英国也才更发达)。Q60，答案为A，选项中的separationfrom替换了原文的detached from而已。再好好理解下面的段落，课堂上没有细讲，估计不少同学没有真正理解。看完后，查看后面的批注。原文：At the core of this debate is Chairman Gerald Levin，56，who took over for the late Steve Ross in92.On the financial front，Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the companys mountainous debt，which will increase to.3billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company，but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company s rap music on the grounds of expression.In92，when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer，Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture，which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic society，”he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column，“lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude，however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won t retreat in the face of any threats.”批注：At the core of this debate is Chairman Gerald Levin，56，who took over(接管) for the late(已故的) Steve Ross in92.(1)On the financial front(在财经战场方面)，Levin is under pressure to raise the stock(=share股份；bond有息债卷) price and reduce the companys mountainous debt，which will increase to.3billion after two new cable deals(有线交易) close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company，but investors are waiting impatiently. (2)The flap帽檐；拍打；慌乱不安 over rap(说唱音乐) is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the companys rap music on the grounds of expression(依据言论自由为公司辩护). In92，when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-Ts violent rap song Cop Killer，Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture，which deserves an outlet出口、排遣. “The test of any democratic society，”he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column，“lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude纬度；(思想行动)自由，however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We wont retreat in the face of any threats.”(以上段落从2个方面说明Levin面前处于风口浪尖之中，一是在财经战场方面，二是在关于说唱音乐问题方面)这篇文章较难理解，同学们应该照我下列的三层思路疏通该文：1.这篇文章的第一段是总论，指出科学与其它社会文化之间的矛盾很严峻。2.第234段描述科学家们反击其它部门，斥之为反科学(antiscience)。3.第567段则指出科学家们的树敌范围过宽，按文末哈佛一学者的话说，“所有那些烦扰或威胁那些自以为更开明的人(指科学家)的人”都会被贴上反科学的帽子。接着再去思考末尾的问题Q62，答案选哪个？Passage3Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Gallileosth-century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church of poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has，if anything，deepened in this century.Until recently，the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics but no longer. As funding for science has declined，scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books，notably Higher Superstition，by Paul R.Gross，a biologist at the University of Virginia，and Norman Levitt，a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World，by Car Sagan of Cornell University.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason，”held in New York City in95，and “Science in the Age of(Mis)information，”which assembled last June near Buffalo.Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists，philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts，creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in96reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well，from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber，whose manifesto，published in95，scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience，as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest.The environmentalists，inevitably，respond to such critics. The true enemies of science，argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University，a pioneer of environmental studies，are those who question the evidence supporting global warming，the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth. Indeed，some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term antiscience can lump together too many，quite different things，”notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his93work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing tha