全球首次完成杨树全基因组测序.doc

全球首次完成杨树全基因组测序全球首次完成杨树全基因组测序 由美国能源部启动并实施的杨树全基因组测序计划已圆满完成 并于 2004 年 9 月 21 日对 公众开放了全序列数据库 南京林业大学科研人员尹佟明副教授参与了此项研究 杨树基 因组的新闻发布及庆祝会定于 12 月 6 日在美国加州举行 该项研究可望使杨树这一重要 树种的品种改良时间大大缩短 用区区几十年跨越千年关 研究的完成 使杨树成为继拟南芥和水稻之后 第三个测定全序列的植物 并且是第 一个测定全基因组序列的多年生木本植物 杨树因此被广泛接受为研究多年生植物基因组 的模式物种 这使该项工作具有重大的科学意义 杨树同时又是一种重要的工业用材树种 杨树全基因组计划实施 将为生物能源的开发提供知识贮备 具有重要的实际应用价值 目前 杨树的改良还处在一种半野生的初级改良阶段 在基因组研究的基础上 通过群体 和数量遗传学的手段在杨树属不同树种间开发有用等位基因 并通过遗传工程的手段进行 基因重组 可望在几十年的时间里完成一般作物几千年的改良历程 杨树全基因组全序列用 鸟枪法测定 序列库中共含有 7 649 993 个序列片段 去 除叶绿体基因组的污染 测得的序列大约为 8 基因组长度 目前对序列拼接的组装已完成 了 483Mb 占杨树基因组物理全长的 90 以上 基本上覆盖了杨树基因组常染色体的大 部分 基于基因芯片和单核苷酸多态性检测技术 对小的序列拼接及序列间隙的填充工作 正在进行中 预期这部分工作将于明年完成 南京林业大学尹佟明副教授自 2001 年以来 一直参与此项研究 对杨树基因组的注释工作将于今年 12 月初完成 国际杨树基因组计划协作组的总负责人杰瑞先生认为 从世界范围来看 杨树在中国 的林业生产中占有的比重是最大的 因此在杨树基因组信息的应用方面 中国在未来的研 究中可能会居于世界前列 杨树全基因组计划的完成对我国从事林业及生物技术的科学家 而言 提供了前所未有的机遇和挑战 Science 15 September 2006 Vol 313 no 5793 pp 1596 1604 DOI 10 1126 science 1128691 RESEARCH ARTICLES The Genome of Black Cottonwood Populus trichocarpa Torr about 8000 pairs of duplicated genes from that event survived in the Populus genome A second older duplication event is indistinguishably coincident with the divergence of the Populus and Arabidopsis lineages Nucleotide substitution tandem gene duplication and gross chromosomal rearrangement appear to proceed substantially more slowly in Populus than in Arabidopsis Populus has more protein coding genes than Arabidopsis ranging on average from 1 4 to 1 6 putative Populus homologs for each Arabidopsis gene However the relative frequency of protein domains in the two genomes is similar Overrepresented exceptions in Populus include genes associated with lignocellulosic wall biosynthesis meristem development disease resistance and metabolite transport 1 Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA 2 Life Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA 3 Plant Sciences Department University of Tennessee TN 37996 USA 4 Department of Biology West Virginia University Morgantown WV 26506 USA 5 Ume Plant Science Centre Department of Plant Physiology Ume University SE 901 87 Ume Sweden 6 Michael Smith Laboratories University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada 7 Department of Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada 8 Department of Forest Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada 9 U S Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute Walnut Creek CA 94598 USA 10 Department of Plant Systems Biology Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology VIB Ghent University B 9052 Ghent Belgium 11 Genome Sciences Centre 100 570 West 7th Avenue Vancouver BC V5Z 4S6 Canada 12 Ume Plant Science Centre Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences SE 901 83 Ume Sweden 13 Tree Microbe Interactions Unit Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique INRA Universit Henri Poincar INRA Nancy 54280 Champenoux France 14 Department of Forestry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24061 USA 15 Biotechnology Research Center School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological University Houghton MI 49931 USA 16 Department of Cell and Systems Biology University of Toronto 25 Willcocks Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3B2 Canada 17 School of Forest Resources and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA 18 Department of Biology Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics and Huck Institutes of Life Sciences The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA 19 Architecture et Fonction des Macromol cules Biologiques UMR6098 CNRS and Universities of Aix Marseille I and II case 932 163 avenue de Luminy 13288 Marseille France 20 Warnell School of Forest Resources University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA 21 Department of Plant Biology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA 22 School of Forest Resources and Conservation Genetics Institute and Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA 23 INRA Orl ans Unit of Forest Improvement Genetics and Physiology 45166 Olivet Cedex France 24 Center for Integrative Genomics University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA 25 Genomics Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA 26 Department of Plant Sciences University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA 27 Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA 28 The Stanford Human Genome Center and the Department of Genetics Stanford University School of Medicine Palo Alto CA 94305 USA 29 Institute of Forest Genetics United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service Davis CA 95616 USA 30 Federal Research Centre for Forests Hauptstrasse 7 A 1140 Vienna Austria 31 Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory Institute of Biotechnology University of Helsinki FI 00014 Helsinki Finland 32 Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki FI 00014 Helsinki Finland 33 Department of Biology 200014 University of Turku FI 20014 Turku Finland 34 Southern Institute of Forest Genetics United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service and Department of Forest Science Texas A M University College Station TX 77843 USA 35 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA 36