高考英语语法之名词性从句课件.ppt

名词性从句 nounclauses 一 相关概念 1 名词 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词 2 名词的句法作用 名词在句中主要作主语 宾语 表语和同位语 另外还可以作定语 状语 3 名词性从句 在英语的句子结构中 本来该由名词充当的主语 宾语 表语和同位语 由一个句子来充当 这个句子就叫名词性从句 4 名词性从句的种类 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分 名词性从句可以分为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 二 主语从句 1 主语从句的连接词 1 连接词 that whether 1 thathewillwiniscertain 2 ithasbeenreportedthatsalesofbeefinchinawillincrease 3 whetherweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided 4 whetherhe lljoinusinthediscussionisofgreatimportance 2 连接代词 who whom whose what which whoever whatever whichever 例 1 itisclearwhoisafraidofhavingachangeinlandownership 2 whosebagitiscannotbetold 3 whatindianeedsisalawtomakelandownershipfairer 4 itisnotyetdecidedwhichcashcropwillbeproducednextyear 5 whateverhesaidwasright 6 whoevergoestheremustgetreadyby6o clock 3 连接副词 when where why how howmany howmuch howlong howsoon howoften 1 whenwe llstarttomorrowwillbetoldsoon 2 wherewecanbuyoxenissomethingweneedtofindout 3 whyhecamehereisnotknown 4 howwecanprotectthegrainfromdampneedstobediscussed 5 howmanypeoplediedfromstarvationthatyearwillneverbeknown 6 howoftenhe llgotoseehisgrandmotherdependsonthetimehecanspare 2 注意点 1 主语从句一律用陈述句语序 即主语在前 谓语在后 正 whenhewillcomeisnotknown 误 whenwillhecomeisnotknown 2 连接词that在从句中无实际意义 但不能省略 正 thathewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue 误 hewillnotcometothemeetingthiseveningistrue 3 whether可以引导主语从句 但if不能 4 whoever whatever whichever等词可以引导主语从句 但nomatterwho nomatterwhat等不能 5 为避免主语冗长 句子头重脚轻 经常用it作形式主语 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 例 itiswellknown reported thought said that itisclear necessary certain true doubtful that itisapity ashame anhonour that itdoesn tmatterwhether itseemsthat ithappensthat 三 宾语从句 1 宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词相同 2 注意点 1 宾语从句一律用陈述句的语序 2 引导宾语从句的连词that也无实际意义 多数情况下可以省略 3 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但 1 当whether后紧跟ornot时 不用if 例 idon tknowwhetheriwillstayornot 2 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if 例 iworryaboutwhetherihurtherfeeling 1 在主 谓 it 形式宾语 宾补 that从句 真正宾语 的句型中不省略 例 wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay 2 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中 that不省略 例 hetoldmethathewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime 4 that在宾语从句中的省略与保留 宾语从句的语序问题 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 巩固练习 种类 名词性从句 1 whenwewillstartisnotclear 2 mrsblackwon tbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief 3 myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow 4 ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 i名词性从句的种类 主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语 引导词有连词that that不可省 whether 代词有who what which 副词when where how why等 如 1 thatheisafamoussingerisknowntous itisknowntousthatheisafamoussinger 2 whenhewillgotoamericaisnotyetfixed itisnotyetfixedwhenhewillgotoamerica 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语 引导词有连词that that常可省略 whether if 代词有who whose what which副词when where how why等 如 webelieve that heishonest itoldhim that iwouldcomebacksoon hesaid that hewouldgotherethenextdayandthathisfamilywouldn tgothere 表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语 引导词有连词that that不可省 whether 代词有who what which 副词when where how why等 theproblemisthatwedidn tgetintouchwithhim thisishowhenrysolvedtheproblem hissuggestionisthatwe should finishtheworkatonce 如果句子的主语是suggestion advice order等名词时 后面引导的表语从句用should 动词原形 should可省略 同位语从句在句中起同位语的作用 一般放在名词fact news idea promise thought suggestion等之后 用以说明或解释前面的名词引导词有连词that 1 thethoughtthatwemightsucceedexcitedus 2 theideathattheyshouldtryasecondtimeisworthconsidering 3 thesuggestionthattheplan should bedelayedwillbediscussedtomorrow 名词suggestion advice order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should 动词原形 should可省略 tellthedifference 1 thenewsthattheplanewouldtakeoffontimemadeeverybodyhappy 2 thenewsthatisspreadingaroundtheairportisthataheavystormiscoming 3 thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering 4 thesuggestionthattheyareconsideringisthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical 同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处 1 两种从句都可以译成定语 thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging 我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞 thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging 你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞 2 两种从句都可以用that引导 thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑 thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical 值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西 同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处 1 从句的作用不同 同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容 定语从句用来修饰 限定前面的名词 thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging 我们队取得了决赛胜利 thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging 是你告诉我们的 而非来自其他渠道 同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处 2 引导从句的关联词that的功能不同 that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词 不充当任何成分 而引导定语从句的that是关系代词 既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分 1 dadmadeapromisethathewouldbuymecdplayerifipassedtheenglishtest 2 dadmadeapromisethatexcitedallhischildren dadmadeapromise ipassedtheenglishtest hewouldbuymecdplayer athatifbthatcwhatdif hisproposalthatwegothereonfootisacceptable manyteachersholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline 3 thefirstrequestthathemadewastoaskforfreedom 4 hemadeanexcusethathiscarbrokedownontheway 5 isthisthecompanywhereyourfatherworks 6 thisisthereasonthathegaveforhisabsence choosethebestanswer 1 theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertochina a whichb thatc whomd when2 thefact hedidn tseetomyesterdayistrue a thatb whichc whend what3 ihavenoidea hewillcomeback a whereb whenc whatd that 4 thenews surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse a thatb whenc whatd how5 oneofthemenheldtheview thebooksaidwasright a whatthatb thatwhichc thatwhatd whichthat6 wordhascome someamericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek a whatb whetherc thatd which ii 语序问题 1 thephotographswillshowyou met89 a whatdoesourvillagelooklikeb whatourvillagelookslikec howdoesourvillagelookliked howourvillagelookslike 2 heasked foraviolin met92 a didipayhowmuchb ipaidhowmuchc howmuchdidipayd howmuchipaid 1 thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing a ifb whatc whetherd how2 theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce a whichb whenc d that 3 thereason ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed a why whyb why becausec why thatd that because4 ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind a what whyb which howc that whyd what because 5 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain a thatb whetherc ifd evenif6 itisknowntous wherethereispollution thereisharm a whichb wherec whatd that7 ihavetheinformation a ofwhathe llcomesoonb thathe llcomesoonc ofthathe llcomesoond hiscomingsoon 8 isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball itmademenearlymad a thathebrokeb whathebrokec hebroked hisbreak9 itremainsaquestion wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime a howb thatc whend what 10 canihelpyou yes doyouknow whencomesthebusb whenwillcomethebusc whendoesthebuscomed whenthebuscomes 11 hemadeapromise anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich a thatb ifc whatd thatif12 theylosttheirwayintheforestand mademattersworsewas nightbegantofall a what thatb it thatc what whend which what 名词性从句知识点考点 考点一 名词性从句的语序问题 考点二 it作为形式主语或形式宾语的用法 考点三 考查that与what的区别 考点四 考查whether与if以及与that的区别 考点五 考查疑问词 ever引导的名词性从句以及与nomatter 疑问词的区别 考点六 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 在名词性从句中 除了关联词在从句句首外 其它部分应用陈述语序 特别是在以wh 引起的名词性从句中 克服这个问题的关键是要找准从句的主语 thephotographswillshowyou a whatdoesourvillagelooklikeb whatourvillagelookslikec howdoesourvillagelookliked howourvillagelookslike 在句词型从句中为了使句子保持平衡 常用先行词it来代替主语从句或宾语从句 而把主语从句或宾语从句放到后面 尤其是连词that引导的主语从句常用于此句式中 不能用this和that来代替it isafactthatenglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage thereb thisc thatd itihate whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull a itb thatc thesed them 在名词性从句中that与what的区别 that连词在从句中不作成分 不含有疑问意义 只起语法连接作用 而what连词在从句中作成分 且含有疑问意义 指物 事 东西 作主语 宾语 表语 同位语等 wecan tgetseemsbetterthan wehave what whatb what thatc that thatd that what 在名词性从句中whether和if的区别是 在引导宾语从句时两者一般可以通用 但在引导主语从句表语从句 同位语从句 介词后面的宾语从句以及后面直接跟ornot时只能用whether 不用if whether和if引导名词性从句与that引导名词性从句区别 whether if引导的从句是由一般疑问句转化而来的 含有疑问意义 而that引导的从句是由陈述句转化而来的 不含有疑问意义 whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis mymotherwillrecoverfromthediease a whenb howc whetherd whyitworriedherabit herhairwasturninggreya whileb thatc ifd for 疑问词 ever与nomatter 疑问词的区别是 前者既可以引导名词性从句 也可引导让步状语从句 后者只能引导让步状语从句 在引导从句时 疑问词 ever比单独用疑问词引导从句语气要强 leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights a anyoneb thepersonc whoeverd whosarahhopestobecomeafriendof sharesherinterests a anyoneb whomeverc whoeverd nomatterwho itwasorderedthatallthesoldiers tothefronta shouldsendb mustbesentc shouldbesentd mustgo2 itisnotclear hedidit a whob whichc whomd why3 itissaid hasbeentranslatedintochinese a thatb whichc thatwhichd thatthat 练习 c d d 4 itisapitythatshe intheexam a hadfailedb failsc faild isfailing5 everythingdependson wehaveenoughexperience a ifb whetherc thatd when6 actually girlscanbe theywanttobejustlikeboys whetheritisapilot anastronaut orageneralmanager a whereverb howeverc whateverd whoever 6 actually girlscanbe theywanttobejustlikeboys whetheritisapilot anastronaut orageneralmanager a whereverb howeverc whateverd whoever 7 thisisthemainusethatthescientistsmake ofnaturalresources a itb whichc used 8 mr cooperwantedtobuythehouseandhetoldmethat thehousecost itwouldbe it a however worthb howmuch worthc whatever worthd what worthy 9 tomenjoyed againbyworkinginthefactorybecauseheoftenhates whilestayingaloneathomealldaylong a him thatb it itc himself itd himself that 10 sometimeskeepsherawakeatnight tomisgettingmoreandmorequietathome a thatwhichb itthatc whetherwhatd whatthat11 doyouknow jack saddressis hemayliveatno 25orno 52ofchanganstreet i mnotsureof a wherewhichb whatwhichc wherewhatd whatwhere 10 sometimeskeepsherawakeatnightis tomisgettingmoreandmorequietathome a thatwhichb itthatc whetherwhatd whatthat 1 someoneisringingthedoorbell goandsee a whoisheb whoheisc whoaretheyd whoitis2 shecouldn tunderstandwas fewerandfewerstudentswereinterestedinherlessons a what whyb that whatc what becaused why that 3 wehaven theardfromjaneforalongtime hashappenedtoher a doyousupposethatb whatdoyousupposec doyouthinkthatd whatyouthink 5 wordcame theplamanapproachedthechildslowlyandhelpedhimtosafety a sinceb sothatc thatd why6 thechildisalwayslying sononeofuswillbelieve hesays a whateverb nomatterwhatc howd which 7 thefacttroublesmesomuch ihavebeenunabletopassthedrivingtestuptonow whichb becausec whyd that8 seeto thechildrendon tcatchcolda itwhatb itthatc whatd that 9 he isplayinganimportantpart iswell knowntousall thatwhob thosewhoc whothatd who10 itmatterslittle amandies but matterssomuchmoreis helives a how what howb how it howc why it whyd which what that 11 pointingtothehouse hesaid thisis iusedtolivewheniwasyoung a whenb whatc thatd where12 aftertenyears hehadchangedalotandlookeddifferentfrom heusedtobe a whyb whichc whatd who 13 fathermadeapromise ipassedtheexamination hewouldbuymeabicycle a thatb ifthatc whetherd thatif14 whataboutthespeechhemadethisafternoon hesaidsomustbequiteencouraging ithink a whatb thatc d all 15 therearesigns restaurantsarebecomingmorepopularwithfamilies ainwhichb whichc thatd whose16 becausetheyusuallyreceivethesamescoreonstandardizedexams thereisoftendisagreementasto isthebetterstudent boborhelen a whob wherec whend whose 17 scientistsbelievenativeamericansarrivedbycrossingthelandbridgethatconnectedsiberiaand morethan10 000yearsago a thisisalaskab alaskaisnowc isnowalaskad whatisnowalaska18 theboydivedintothewaterand after seemedtobealongtime hecameupagain whatb thatc itd which 19 wecanpassthecomingexaminationwillmainlydependon welearnand welearnit whether what howb that whether whyc if how thatd why that how 20 althoughmostofthemhavenodoubt hewillpasstheexam istillwonder hehasreallygoteverythingready a whether thatb that whetherc that thatd whether whether 名词性从句自测题heasked fortheviolin a didipayhowmuchb ipaidhowmuchc howmuchdidipayd howmuchipaid2 theywanttoknow dotohelpus a whatcantheyb whattheycanc howtheycand howcanthey3 youhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople a thatb whatc whichd this4 thesephotographswillshowyou a whatdoesourvillagelooklikeb whatourvillagelookslikec howdoesourvillagelooksliked howourvillagelookslike5 leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights a anyoneb thepersonc whoeverd who 7 itisnot thatthissituationwillcontinueverylong a alikeb likec likelyd thelike8 computerscanonlygiveout hasbeenstoredinthembyman a thatb whichc whatd everything9 weallheardthenews thechinesewomenvolleyballteamhadwonthematch a whichb thatc inwhichd when10 thereis