需要注意的特殊先行词.doc

龙源期刊网 需要注意的特殊先行词作者：马德才来源：高中生高考指导2013年第10期大家都知道，定语从句所修饰的先行词只能由名词或代词充当，但下面几个特殊的先行词值得同学们特别注意。例1 a. I do like the way _ Mo Yan， the winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature， writes.A. how B. that C. in that D. which解析：选B。句意为“我非常喜欢莫言的写作风格，他是2012年诺贝尔文学奖的得主”。分析题干可知“_ Mo Yan，the winner of the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature， writes”为定语从句，修饰先行词the way，并且该定语从句中缺少方式状语，所以空格处可填in which，也可用that代替in which，或省略that。b. What do you think of the way _ I told you the other day？A. in which B. whose C. who D. which解析：选D。句意为“你认为前几天我告诉你的方法怎么样”。因为“_ I told you the other day”是定语从句，并且该从句缺少宾语，又因先行词是the way，所以该从句要用which或that引导，此处它们也可以省略。【考点点拨】当先行词为the way并且定语从句中缺状语时，定语从句的引导词可用that，或用in which代替that，或省略引导词；若定语从句中缺主语或宾语，则仍然要用that或which引导；如果是限制性定语从句，that或which在从句中作宾语，并且引导词前面没有介词，此时的that或which可以省略。例2 a. Believe it or not，this is the first time _ I have come here.A. when B. which C. that D. while解析：选C。句意为“信不信由你，这是我第一次来这儿”。分析题干可知“_ I have come here”为定语从句，先行词为the first time，此时定语从句常用that来引导，that可以省略。b. This is a time _ Chinas space industry is making great progress.A. when B. where C. which D. that解析：选A。句意为“现在是中国的航天工业进步很快的一个时期”。因为先行词为a time，并且后面的定语从句缺少时间状语，所以要用when来引导该定语从句。【考点点拨】当the first/second.time充当先行词时，其意为“第一/二次”，后面的定语从句要用that引导，此时that可以省略，但不能换成when/while/as等；当a time充当先行词时，其意为“一段时期”，后面的定语从句常用when引导。例3 a. This is the reason _ he explained at the meeting yesterday.A. why B. which C. what D. when解析：选B。句意为“这就是昨天他在会议上解释的那个原因”。因为“_ he explained at the meeting yesterday”为定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，并且该从句缺少作宾语的关系代词，所以要用which或that引导该定语从句。b. The reason _ he was late for the meeting yesterday was that he watched the program of the sending up of Shenzhou-10 spacecraft on TV at home.A. that B. which C. why D. when解析：选C。句意为“他昨天开会迟到的原因是他在家里收看关于神舟十号飞船发射的电视节目”。分析题干可知“_ he was late for the meeting yesterday”为定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，并且该从句缺少原因状语，因此要用why引导该定语从句。【考点点拨】当the reason充当先行词时，若定语从句中缺少原因状语，则用why引导定语从句；若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语等，则用that或which引导定语从句。例4 Can you imagine the situation _ our fishing boat was attacked by a violent storm on the sea？A. that B. which C. whose D. where解析：选D。句意为“你能想象出我们的渔船在海上受到暴风雨袭击的情形吗”。分析句子结构可知“_ our fishing boat was attacked by a violent storm on the sea”为定语从句，修饰先行词the situation，并且该从句中缺少地点状语，因此要用关系副词where引导该定语从句。【考点点拨】当先行词为situation， case， point， position等，并且定语从句中缺少地点状语时，该定语从句常常由关系副词where引导。I often meet with these situations where I know how to work out a problem but cant explain it clearly.我经常遇到这些情况：我知道如何做出一道题，却不能清楚地解释这个问题。例5 Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.A. who B. which C. why D. when解析：选D。句意为“我有时间陪我的孩子们度过一天的机会是很少的”。此处为when引导的定语从句，修饰名词occasions，并且when在该从句中作时间状语。【考点点拨】当先行词为occasion（场合、时机） 时，常用when引导定语从句，并且when在该定语从句中作状语。此外“Days are gone when.”也是常见的句型之一，该句型中包含由when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词days。There are few occasions in our life in fact when we can communicate with others in English.在我们的生活中，实际上我们很少能与他人用英语交流。Because of the financial crisis，days are gone when local 5-star hotels charged 6，000 yuan for one night.由于金融危机，当地五星级酒店一晚收费6，000元的日子一去不复返了。跟踪练习1. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.A. when B. that C. where D. which2. More and more countries in the world recognize the way _ some developing countries develop now.A. where B. that C. which D. when3. Many occasions _ we have to make important but difficult decisions are what we all have to face in our life.A. that B. where C. when D. which4. That was the first time _ I had chatted with a foreigner in English face to face.A. when B. in which C. that D. how5. The reason _ I want to get into the national team is that I want to become a better player.A. why B. for t