TPO28 听力解析.doc

TPO28听力解析Section 1Conversation 11. What is the conversation mainly about?A. Criticisms of Deweys political philosophyB. Methods for leading a discussion groupC. Recent changes made to a reference documentD. Problems with the organization of a paper答案：D解析：（0.26-0.48）Professor:So lets get started. Your paper on John Deweys political philosophy has a few issues I like to cover. You get great biographical sketches in the beginning. OK, but then you get to his political philosophy. I dont think you have done enough to situate his philosophy within the time period. In other words, you havent connected his philosophy to the thinking of other intellectuals of the time.教授说学生的paper并没有很好的将J.D的政治哲学与同时代其他知识分子的哲学所联系起来，也就是paper的organization有问题2. Why is the student late for his meeting?A. Seeing the doctor longer than expectedB. No nearby parking spaces where availableC. His soccer practice lasted longer than usualD. He had problems printing his paper答案：A解析：(0.12-0.22)Student: Im so sorry Im late Professor Mills. I have just been to students medical center. I pushed my ankle playing soccer this morning. It takes longer than I expected to see the doctor.同义转换3. What revision does the student need to make to his paper? (click on 3 answers)A. Describe the influences on Dewey in more detailB. Expand the introductory biographical sketchC. Remove unnecessary content throughout the paperD. Use consistent references throughout the paperE. Add an explanation of Deweys view on individuality答案：A，C，D解析：(0.48-0.56)Student: So I havent catch the most critical influences, the influences that were most significant to his political thinking?Professor: Exactly.(1.30-1.50)Professor: Yes, revised.Let me ask, when you finished writing, did you go back and ask yourself if all the material was relevant?Student: Well. no.Professor: I do think there are areas that can be cut. I guess what I am saying is your paragraphs are really presenting in logical order. The direction of your argument is not crystal-clear, and there is some unnecessary material getting in the way.(2.13-2.30）Professor: It looks like you get have mixed up with another reference system.Student: Oh, yeah. I used something different in high school. Its so confusing when switching to a new system.I know. But remember, everything needs to be consistent when comes to referencing. Its a very important academic convention.教授认为学生的paper没有描述对Dewey政治思考最重要的影响，应该添加，对应A选项。教授认为paper的reference不够consistent，来自于不同的systems，对应D选项paper中有不必要的材料，应该被cut，对应C选项4. Why does the professor mention the political science club?A. To encourage the student to run for club presidentB. To point out that John Dewey was a member of a similar clubC. To suggest an activity that might interest the studentD. To indicate where the student can get help with his paper答案：C解析：(2.32-2.47) Professor: Oh, also, I want to ask you, will you be in the political science club meeting Saturday?Student: Definitely, the topic is John Dewey.Professor: Yes. Are you interested in meeting part of the discussion? Tom is looking someone to help out. I think you have a lot to contribute.Student: That will be fun. I ll give them a call.教授问对讨论会感兴趣吗，对应C选项5. Why does the professor say this? A. To find out how many drafts the student wroteB. To encourage the student to review his own workC. To emphasize the need for the student to follow the guidelinesD. To propose a different solution to the problem答案：B解析：重听部分：Let me ask, when you finished writing, did you go back and ask yourself if all the material was relevant?教授问学生在完成写作后有没有回去重新看看材料是否都有关联，即review his own workLecture 16. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The importance of Lockes views to modern philosophical thoughtB. How Descartes view of knowledge influenced trends in Western philosophyC. How two philosophers viewed foundational knowledge claimsD. The difference between foundationalism and methodological doubt答案：C解析：lecture一直在讲foundationalism，Locke和Descartes，对应的也就是two philosophers和foundation knowledge claims7. Why does the professor mention a house?A. To explain an idea about the organization of human knowledgeB. To Illustrate the unreliability of our perception of physical objectsC. To clarify the difference between two points of view about the basis of human knowledgeD. To remind students of a point he made about Descartes in a previous lecture答案：A解析：（0.44-1.08） Take knowledge as a house, you need a solid foundation on which you build your house. And if you have a strong foundation, your house is more likely to be solid. Well, foundationalists think the same thing is true of knowledge. If you have a solid base for your knowledge claims, then your knowledge structure is more likely to be strong. Well, fessor说foundationalists认为如果有solid base for knowledge，那么structure（对应选项中的organization of human knowledge）也会更strong，与修建房子同理，对应A选项8. What did Locke believe to be the most basic type of human knowledge?A. Knowledge of ones own existenceB. Knowledge acquired through the sensesC. Knowledge humans are born withD. Knowledge passed down from previous generations答案：B 解析：(1.34-2.01)Professor: Locke viewpoint essentially is when humans were born, their minds were like blank slakes. That is, we dont have any kind of knowledge when we were born. We get our knowledge from our senses, you know, taste, touch, smile, sight hearing. So when we look at the world, first is the babys, then as we grow, thats where our knowledge comes from. Our senses, our experiences serve as the foundation for our knowledge.foundation对应题干中的basic type of knowledge，Locke认为这些基础知识来自于人对外界的感知，也就是senses9. According to the professor, what was Descartes purpose for using methodological doubt?A. To discover what can be considered foundational knowledge claims.B. To challenge the philosophical concept of foundationalismC. To show that ones existence cannot be provenD. To demonstrate that Lockes views were essentially correct答案：A解析：(2.14-2.28)Professor: Descartes thought you must go to much deeper to find foundations. He believed our senses are not to be trusted. So he wanted to find a more solid foundation for knowledge. He began with what comes to be called methodological doubt.Descartes认为需要go much deeper（对应discover） to find foundations （对应foundational knowledge claims），对应了选项A10. For Descartes, what was the significance of dreaming?A. He believed that his best ideas came to him in dreamsB. He regarded dreaming as the strongest proof that human exists.C. Dreaming supports his contention that reality has many aspectsD. Dreaming illustrates why human experience of reality cannot always be trusted答案：D解析： (3.02-3.11)Professor: So unlike John Locke, Descartes doubt that knowledge comes from senses. He points out that at some time or another everyone is deceived by its senses.(4.25-4.44)We could be dreaming. And theres really no good way to prove we are not. So the common sense picture of reality that the world really is what it looks to us. Descartes shows it cannot just be as assumed as to be true beyond all doubt. He does it by talking about illusions. And also, by arguing that we could be dreaming.lecture中教授提高笛卡尔认为人可能被experience或者sense deceived.也就是experience cannot be trusted，笛卡尔认为我们所感受到的reality也可能是我们在dreaming，不一定是真正的reality11. According to Descartes, what type of belief should serve as a foundation for all other knowledge claims?A. A belief that is consistent with what one sees and hearsB. A belief that most other people shareC. A belief that one has held since childhoodD. A belief that cannot be false答案：D解析：(4.54-5.12)Professor: To even think I doubt that I exist, you have to exist. And so what Descartes has done is to find at least one thing that he can be certain of he says I exist. And thats the start. And other knowledge, he tells us, can be based on that foundation.笛卡尔认为作为知识基础的一定是他可以确信存在的，也就是a belief that cannot be falseLecture 212. What is the main purpose of the lecture?A. To show that some birds have cognitive skills similar to those of primatesB. To explain how the brains of certain primates and birds evolvedC. To compare different tests that measure the cognitive abilities of animalsD. To describe a study of the relationship between brain size and cognitive abilities答案：A解析： (0.17-0.22)Professor:Today were going to talk about particular cognitive ability some animal seem to have.(1.50-) Now it has been assumed that primates and some other mammals stood alone at the top of higher cognitive evolution. But recently, birds, have been found possess some of the same cognitive abilities.在开头教授就讲要讨论某种动物有的认识能力， 在开头偏后又明确提出要讨论鸟的能力，并且是何primates相类似的能力13. When giving magpies the mirror mark test, why did researchers place the mark on the magpies throats?A. Throat markings trigger aggressive behavior in other magpiesB. Throat markings are extremely rare in magpies.C. Magpies cannot see their own throats without looking in a mirror.D. Magpies cannot easily remove a mark form their throats.答案：C解析：(2.55Professor: As I said, ,magpies are corvids, and because corvids have these other cognitive skills, researchers want to see if they were also capable of mirror-self recognition, so they give them a mirror mark test, placing a yellow sticker on the birds black throats. At first, the magpies only engage in the same social behaviors that other animals do, looking behind the mirror, but eventually some of the birds, while looking in the mirror, catch14. According to the professor, some corvids are known to hide their food. What possible reason does she provide for this behavior?（click on 2 answers）A. They are ensuring that they will have food to eat at a later point in timeB. They want to keep their food in a single location that they can easily defendC. They have been conditioned to exhibit this type of behaviorD. They may be projecting their own behavior tendencies onto their corvids答案：A，D解析：(2.24-2.44）Professor: Well, corvids and some mammals have the ability to plan for the future, to store food, for instance, in places where they can find later. Its been suggested that in fact the Jazz, corvids known for stealing each others food, may hide their food precisely because they are projecting their own tendencies to steal onto other jazz.corvids藏东西主要由两个原因，一是为未来作打算，藏在将来能发现的地方，二是project tendencies onto other corvids15. What is the professors attitude toward the study on pigeons and mirror self-recognition?A. She is surprised that studies have not been replicatedB. She believes the studys findings are not very meaningfulC. She expects that further studies will show similar resultsD. She thinks that it confirms what is known about magpies and jays答案：B解析：（4.00-4.15）Professor：But two things are noteworthy here. One, no one has replicated this study. But more importantly, it misses the point, the issue is not whether some abilities can be learned, its whether a species can develop this ability spontaneously教授认为这个study没有意义因为没有人可以重新实现实验结果，而且实验本身就是偏离问题主旨的。16. What does the professor imply about animals that exhibit mirror self-recognition?A. They acquired this ability through recent evolutionary changesB. They are not necessarily more intelligent than other animalsC. Their brains all have an identical structure that governs this abilityD. They may be able to understand another animals perspective答案：D解析：(4.27-4.42) Professor：But more importantly, many researchers believe that MSR is indicative of other advanced cognitive abilities. Self-awareness, even in its earlier stages, might entail an awareness of others, the ability to see their perspective, to look the world from another point of view.MSR展现了其他的能力，比如self-awareness，也就是look the world from others perspective17. According to the professor, what conclusion can be drawn from what is now known about corvids brains?A. They area in corvids brains that governs cognitive functions governs other function as well.B. Corvids brains have evolved in the same way as other birds brains, only more rapidly.C. Corvids and primates brains have evolved differently but have some similar cognitive abilitiesD. They cognitive abilities of different types of corvids vary greatly.答案：C解析：(5.09-5.20)Professor：But there is an area in birds brains that researchers believe govern similar cognitive functions. So primates and birds brains have evolved along different tracks, but ended up with similar abilities.灵长类和鸟类动物的大脑从不同的方式进化而来，但是有一些相同的功能Section 2Conversation 11. Why does the man go to see the professor?A. To learn more about his student teaching assignmentB. To discuss the best time to complete his senior thesisC. To discuss the possibility of changing the topic of his senior thesisD. To find out whether the professor will be his advisor for his senior thesis答案：B解析：(0.18-0.45)Student: So the first thing is you normally write during the first half of the academic year, right? In your final year study? Professor: Right.Student: But I have my students teaching schedule for that time. I want to teach high school English after graduation. So I really need to give that my full attention and I just worry that I wont be able to finish my senior thesis at the same time. I mean its supposed to be 35 to 50 pages. Thats a serious commitment.学生说自己在final year的first half里有teaching schedule，所以不能完成senior thesis，于此便是与professor讨论何时完成最佳2. What is the mans concern about the second half of the academic year?A. He will not have time to do the necessary research for his senior thesisB. He will not be allowed to write his senior thesis on his topic choiceC. His senior thesis adviser will not be on campusD. His student teaching requirement will not be complete before the thesis is due.答案：C 解析：（1.20-1.42）Student: So I was hoping to do my senior thesis on Chaucer on the Canterbury Tales. Because that will be obviously useful if I do gone. But.Professor: But Professor. Johnson.Student: Exactly. Professor Johnson is going to be taking a bedical to do research in France during the second half of the year. So without him around, Im not sure how I can do my senior thesis on Canterbury Tales.Prof. Johnson下半年要去法国做研究，也就无法指导学生的senior thesis了3. What does the man imply Professor Johnson?A. His sabbatical may last longer than expectedB. His research is highly respected throughout the world.C. He is the English Departments specialist on ChaucerD. He is probably familiar with the literature of the Renaissance答案：C 解析：同上文，Prof.Johnson 是学生关于Chaucer论文的导师，自然也是specialist on Chaucer4. Why does the man want to write his senior thesis on the Canterbury Tales? (Click on 2 answers)A. He studies it during his favorite course in high schoolB. He has already received approval for the paper from his professorC. He thinks that the knowledge might help him in graduate schoolD. He has great admiration for Chaucer答案：C, D解析：（1.20-1.27）Student: So I was hoping to do my senior thesis on Chaucer on the Canterbury Tales. Because that will be obviously useful if I do gone. （1.27-2.00)Student: Well, you can try. Chaucer is the sort of my hero.学生认为Chaucer方面的研究以后会非常有作用，而且Chaucer是他的hero，也就是he admires Chaucer5. Why does the professor say this: A She is uncertain whether the man will be able to finish his paper before the end of the summerB She thinks the man will need to do a lot of preparation to write on a new topicC She wants to encourage the man to choose a new advisor for his paperD She wants the man to select a new topic for his paper during the summer.答案：B解析：Professor: Well, if you do decide to build this route, I will make that decision soon. And I will use this summer productively.教授说如果学生决定要选择这个新的topic，那么教授作为他的导师他在这个夏天会富有生产力的工作，那么学生自然也需要做出很多准备很努力。Lecture 16. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The difference in how humans and plants sense lightB. An explanation of an experiment on color and wavelengthC. How plants sense and respond to different wavelengths of lightD. The process by which photoreceptors distinguish wavelengths of light答案：C解析： (0.19-0.41)Professor: Today I want to talk about another way light affects plants. Im sure you all know in physics class how light moves in microscopic ways, and we can only see light when the wavelength of that light is in specific range. Plus, depending on the wavelength, we can see different colors. Well, plants are also capable of distinguishing between different wavelengths of light.教授今天讲的是光是如何影响植物的，植物也具有区分不同波长光的能力，也就是植物是如何respond and sense光的刺激的7. According to the professor, what is one way that a plant reacts to changes in the number of hours of sunlight?A. The plant absorbs different wavelengths of light.B. The plant begins to flower or stops floweringC. The number of photoreceptors in the plant increaseD. The plants rate of photosynthesis increase答案：B解析：(1.22-1.40）Professor: Many plants are seasonal. And one way they know when winter is ending and spring is beginning is by sensing the change of light. The time when we dont plant flower is based on the amount of light the plant senses. Certain plant species dont flower if they sense too much light and some plants only flower when they senses specific amount of light.有些植物不开花因为他们感知到太多光，有些植物只有在感受到特定量的光时才开花，也就是说开花与否是植物应对光照的一种方式8. Why does the professor think that it is inappropriate for certain wavelengths of light to be named “far-red”?A. Far-red wavelengths appear identical to read wavelengths to the human eye.B. Far-red wavelengths have the same effects on plants as red wavelengths do.C. Far-red wavelengths travel sh