Dieter Schmidt Engineering Design 4Th工程设计教程英文原版教程教材教案

Dieter Schmidt Engineering Design 4Th工程设计教程英文原版教程教材教案 ROADMAP toENGINEERING DESIGNChap.1The Engineering Design ProcessChap.2The Product Development ProcessChap.3Problem Defi nition andNeed Identification Chap.4Team Behaviorand ToolsChap.5Gathering InformationChap.6Concept GenerationChap.7Decision Making and ConceptSelection Chap.8Embodiment DesignChap.9Detail DesignChap.10Modeling and Simulation Chap.11Materials SelectionChap.12Design withMaterials Chap.13Design forManufacturing Chap.14Risk,Reliability,and SafetyChap.15Quality,Robust Design,and OptimizationChap.16Cost EvaluationChap.17Legal and Ethical Issuesin Engineering Design*Chap.18Economic Decision Making*see .mhhe./dieterDefineproblemProblem statementBenchmarkingProductdissectionHouse of QualityPDSGatherinformationConceptual designInterPatentsTechnicalarticlesTrade journalsConsultantsConceptgenerationCreativitymethodsBrainstormingFunctional modelsDepositionSystematicdesignmethodsEvaluate&select conceptDecisionmakingSelection criteriaPughchartDecision matrixAHPProductarchitectureArrangementofphysical elementsModularityConfigurationdesignPreliminaryselectionofmaterials andmanufacturingprocessesModelingSizingof partsParametricdesignRobustdesignSet tolerancesDFM,DFA,DFETolerancesDetaildesignEngineeringdrawingsFinalize PDSEmbodimentdesign101112111213131415169168345867die37039_ch98_ifc.indd12/25/087:07:02PM ENGINEERINGDESIGN die37039_ch00_fm.indd i2/25/086:50:01PMdie37039_ch00_fm.indd ii2/25/086:50:01PM ENGINEERINGDESIGN FOURTHEDITION George E.Dieter University of MarylandLinda C.Schmidt University of Marylanddie37039_ch00_fm.indd iii2/25/086:50:01PMENGINEERING DESIGN,FOURTH EDITIONPublishedby McGraw-Hill,a businessunit ofThe McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,1221Avenue of the Americas,New York,NY10020.Copyright?xxby The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.All rightsreserved.Previous editions?2000,1991,1983.No partof thispublication maybe reproducedor distributedin anyform orby anymeans,or storedin adatabase orretrieval system,without theprior writtenconsent ofTheMcGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,including,but notlimited to,in anywork orother electronicstorage ortransmission,or broadcastfor distancelearning.Some ancillaries,including electronicand printponents,may notbe availableto customersoutside theUnited States.This bookis printedon acid-free paper.1234567890DOC/DOC098ISBN9780072837032MHID0072837039Global Publisher:Raghothaman SrinivasanSeniorSponsoring Editor:Bill StenquistDirectorof Development:Kristine TibbettsDevelopmental Editor:Lorraine K.Buczek SeniorProject Manager:Kay J.BrimeyerSenior ProductionSupervisor:Laura FullerAssociateDesign Coordinator:Brenda A.RolwesCover Designer:Studio Montage,St.Louis,MissouriCover Illustration:Paul Turnbaugh(USE)Cover Image:Group ofStudents:?xx,Al Santos,Photographer;Vacuum Roller:?Brian C.Grubel;Machinery:?John A.Rizzo/Getty Images;Gears and Machinery:?Nick Koudis/Getty Images;University StudentsUsing LibraryComputers:BananaStock/Jupiter ImagesCompositor:NewgenTypeface:10.5/12Times RomanPrinter:R.R.Donnelley Crawfordsville,INLibrary ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication DataDieter,George Ellwood.Engineering design/GeorgeE.Dieter,Linda C.Schmidt.4th ed.p.cm.Includes bibliographicalreferences andindexes.ISBN978-0-07-283703-2ISBN0-07-283703-9(hard copy:alk.paper)1.Engineering design.I.Schmidt,Linda C.II.Title.TA174.D495xx620?.0042dc22xx049735.mhhe.die37039_ch00_fm.indd iv2/25/086:50:02PM ABOUTTHE AUTHORSGEORGE E.DIETER isGlenn L.Martin InstituteProfessor of Engineering at the University of Maryland.The authorreceived hisB.S.Met.E.degree fromDrexel Universityand hisD.Sc.degree fromCarnegie Mellon University.After astint inindustry withthe DuPontEngineering ResearchLaboratory,he becamehead of the Metallurgical Engineering Departmentat DrexelUniversity,where helater becameDean of Engineering.Professor Dieterlater joinedthe facultyof Carnegie MellonUniversityas Professorof Engineering and Directorof theProcessing ResearchInsti-tute.He movedto theUniversityofMaryland in1977as professorof Mechanical EngineeringandDean of Engineering,serving asdean until1994.Professor Dieteris afellow ofASM International,TMS,AAAS,and ASEE.He hasreceived theeducation awardfrom ASM,TMS,and SME,as wellas theLamme Medal,the highestaward of ASEE.He hasbeen chairof the Engineering DeansCouncil,and presidentofASEE.He isa memberof theNational AcademyofEngi-neering.He alsois theauthor of Mechanical Metallurgy,published byMcGraw-Hill,now inits thirdedition.LINDA C.SCHMIDT isan AssociateProfessor in the DepartmentofMechani-calEngineering attheUniversityofMaryland.Dr.Schmidts generalresearch inter-ests andpublications areintheareas ofmechanical designtheory andmethodology,design generationsystems foruse duringconceptual design,design rationalecapture,and effectivestudent learningon engineeringproject designteams.Dr.Schmidt pletedher doctoratein MechanicalEngineeringatCarnegieMellonUniversity withresearch ingrammar-based generativedesign.She holdsB.S.andM.S.degrees fromIowa StateUniversity forwork inIndustrial Engineering.Dr.Schmidt isa recipientof the1998U.S.National ScienceFoundation FacultyEarly CareerAward forgenerative conceptualdesign.She co-founded RISE,a summerresearch experiencethat won thexxExemplary ProgramAward fromthe Amer-ican CollegePersonnel Associations Commissionfor AcademicSupport inHigher Education.die37039_ch00_fm.indd v2/25/086:50:02PMvi engineering design Dr.Schmidt isactive inengineering designtheory researchand teachingengi-neeringdesignto third-and fourth-year undergraduatesand graduatestudents inmechanical engineering.She hascoauthored atext onengineering decision-making,two editionsof atext onproduct development,and ateam-training curriculumfor facultyusing engineeringstudent projectteams.Dr.Schmidt wasthe guesteditor of the JournalofEngineeringValuation&Cost Analysisand hasserved asan Associ-ate Editorof theASME Journalof MechanicalDesign.Dr.Schmidt isa memberof ASME,SME,and ASEE.die37039_ch00_fm.indd vi2/25/086:50:03PMvii BRIEFCONTENTS Chapter1Engineering Design1Chapter2Product DevelopmentProcess39Chapter3Problem Definition andNeed Identification75Chapter4Team Behaviorand Tools116Chapter5Gathering Information158Chapter6Concept Generation196Chapter7Decision Makingand ConceptSelection262Chapter8Embodiment Design298Chapter9Detail Design386Chapter10Modeling andSimulation411Chapter11Materials Selection457Chapter12Design withMaterials515Chapter13Design forManufacturing558Chapter14Risk,Reliability,and Safety669Chapter15Quality,Robust Design,and Optimization723Chapter16Cost Evaluation779Chapter17Legal andEthical Issuesin EngineeringDesign828Chapter18Economic Decision Making858Appendices A-1Author&Subject IndexesI-1die37039_ch00_fm.indd vii2/25/086:50:03PMviii DETAILEDCONTENTS Prefacexxiii Chapter1EngineeringDesign11.1Introduction11.2EngineeringDesign Process31.2.1Importance of the EngineeringDesign Process41.2.2Types ofDesigns51.3Ways toThink AbouttheEngineeringDesign Process61.3.1A Simplified IterationModel61.3.2Design MethodVersus Scientific Method81.3.3A Problem-Solving Methodology101.4Considerations of a GoodDesign141.4.1Achievement ofPerformance Requirements141.4.2Total Life Cycle171.4.3Regulatory andSocial Issues181.5Description ofDesign Process191.5.1Phase I.Conceptual Design191.5.2Phase II.Embodiment Design201.5.3Phase III.Detail Design211.5.4Phase IV.Planning forManufacture221.5.5Phase V.Planning forDistribution231.5.6Phase VI.Planning forUse231.5.7Phase VII.Planning forRetirement of the Product231.6Computer-Aided Engineering241.7Designing toCodes andStandards261.8Design Review291.8.1Redesign301.9Societal Considerationsin EngineeringDesign31die37039_ch00_fm.indd viii2/25/086:50:03PM detailedcontents ix1.10Summary35New Termsand Concepts36Bibliography37Problems andExercises37Chapter2Product DevelopmentProcess392.1Introduction392.2Product DevelopmentProcess392.2.1Factors forSuess432.2.2Static VersusDynamic Products462.2.3Variations onthe GenericProduct DevelopmentProcess462.3Product andProcess Cycles472.3.1Stages ofDevelopment of a Product472.3.2Technology Developmentand InsertionCycle482.3.3Process DevelopmentCycle502.4Organization for Design and Product Development512.4.1A TypicalOrganization byFunctions532.4.2Organization byProjects542.4.3Hybrid Organizations552.4.4Concurrent EngineeringTeams572.5Markets andMarketing582.5.1Markets592.5.2Market Segmentation602.5.3Functions ofa MarketingDepartment632.5.4Elements ofa MarketingPlan632.6Technological Innovation642.6.1Invention,Innovation,and Diffusion642.6.2Business StrategiesRelated toInnovation andProductDevelopment672.6.3Characteristics ofInnovative People682.6.4Types ofTechnology Innovation692.7Summary71New Termsand Concepts72Bibliography72Problems andExercises73Chapter3Problem Definition andNeed Identification753.1Introduction753.2Identifying CustomerNeeds773.2.1Preliminary Researchon CustomersNeeds793.2.2Gathering Informationfrom Customers803.3Customer Requirements863.3.1Differing Viewsof CustomerRequirements873.3.2Classifying CustomerRequirements89die37039_ch00_fm.indd ix2/25/086:50:03PMx engineeringdesign3.4Establishing theEngineering Characteristics913.4.1Benchmarking inGeneral933.4.2Competitive PerformanceBenchmarking953.4.3Reverse Engineeringor ProductDissection963.4.4Determining EngineeringCharacteristics973.5Quality FunctionDeployment983.5.1The House of QualityConfi gurations1003.5.2Steps forBuilding aHouseofQuality1023.5.3Interpreting Resultsof HOQ1073.6Product DesignSpecifi cation1093.7Summary111Bibliography113New Termsand Concepts114Problems andExercises114Chapter4Team Behaviorand Tools1164.1Introduction1164.2What ItMeans tobe anEffective TeamMember1174.3Team Roles1184.4Team Dynamics1194.5Effective TeamMeetings1224.5.1Helpful Rulesfor MeetingSuess1234.6Problems withTeams1244.7Problem-Solving Tools1264.7.1Applying theProblem-Solving Toolsin Design1404.8Time Management1454.9Planning andScheduling1464.9.1Work BreakdownStructure1474.9.2Gantt Chart1474.9.3Critical PathMethod1494.10Summary154New Termsand Concepts155Bibliography155Problems andExercises156Chapter5Gathering Information1585.1The InformationChallenge1585.1.1Your InformationPlan1595.1.2Data,Information,and Knowledge1605.2Types ofDesign Information1625.3Sources ofDesign Information1625.4Library Sources of Information1665.4.1Dictionaries andEncyclopedias1675.4.2Handbooks1695.4.3Textbooks andMonographs169die37039_ch00_fm.indd x2/25/086:50:03PM detailedcontents xi5.4.4Finding Periodicals1695.4.5Catalogs,Brochures,and BusinessInformation1715.5Government Sources of Information1715.6Information Fromthe Inter1725.6.1Searching withGoogle1745.6.2Some HelpfulURLs for Design1765.6.3Business-Related URLsfor Design andProductDevelopment1785.7Professional Societiesand TradeAssociations1805.8Codes andStandards1815.9Patents andOther Intellectual Property1835.9.1IntellectualProperty1845.9.2The PatentSystem1855.9.3Technology Licensing1875.9.4The PatentLiterature1875.9.5Reading aPatent1895.9.6Copyrights1915.10Company-Centered Information1925.11Summary193New Termsand Concepts194Bibliography194Problems andExercises194Chapter6Concept Generation1966.1Introduction to Creative Thinking1976.1.1Models of the Brainand Creativity1976.1.2Thinking Processesthat LeadtoCreativeIdeasxx.2Creativity andProblem Solving2026.2.1Aids toCreative Thinking2026.2.2Barriers toCreative Thinking2056.3Creative ThinkingMethods2086.3.1Brainstorming2086.3.2Idea GeneratingTechniques BeyondBrainstorming2106.3.3Random InputTechnique2126.3.4Synectics:An InventiveMethod Basedon Analogy2136.3.5Concept Map2156.4Creative MethodsforDesign2176.4.1Refi nementand Evaluationof Ideas2176.4.2Generating DesignConcepts2196.4.3Systematic Methodsfor Designing2216.5Functional Depositionand Synthesis2226.5.1Physical Deposition2236.5.2Functional Representation2256.5.3Performing FunctionalDeposition2296.5.4Strengths andWeaknesses ofFunctional Synthesis232die37039_ch00_fm.indd xi2/25/086:50:04PMxii engineeringdesign6.6Morphological Methods2336.6.1Morphological MethodforDesign2346.6.2Generating Conceptsfrom MorphologicalChart2366.7TRIZ:The Theoryof InventiveProblem Solving2376.7.1Invention:Evolution toIncreased Ideality2386.7.2Innovation byOvering Contradictions2396.7.3TRIZ InventivePrinciples2406.7.4The TRIZContradiction Matrix2436.7.5Strengths andWeaknesses ofTRIZ2476.8Axiomatic Design2496.8.1Axiomatic DesignIntroduction2496.8.2The Axioms2506.8.3Using Axiomatic Design toGenerate aConcept2516.8.4Using AxiomaticDesign toImprove anExisting Concept2536.8.5Strengths andWeaknesses ofAxiomaticDesign2576.9Summary258New Termsand Concepts259Bibliography260Problems andExercises260Chapter7DecisionMakingand ConceptSelection2627.1Introduction2627.2DecisionMaking2637.2.1Behavioral Aspectsof DecisionMaking2637.2.2Decision Theory2667.2.3Utility Theory2697.2.4Decision Trees2737.3Evaluation Methods2747.3.1Comparison Basedon AbsoluteCriteria2757.3.2Pugh ConceptSelection Method2777.3.3Measurement Scales2807.3.4Weighted DecisionMatrix2827.3.5Analytic HierarchyProcess(AHP)2857.4Summary292New Termsand Concepts294Bibliography294Problems andExercises294Chapter8Embodiment Design2988.1Introduction2988.1.1Comments onNomenclature Concerningthe Phasesof the Design Process2998.1.2Oversimplifi cationoftheDesign ProcessModel300die37039_ch00_fm.indd xii2/25/086:50:04PM detailedcontents xiii8.2Product Architecture3018.2.1Types ofModular Architectures3038.2.2Modularity andMass Customization3038.2.3Create the Schematic DiagramoftheProduct3058.2.4Cluster theElements oftheSchematic3068.2.5Create aRough GeometricLayout3078.2.6Defi neInteractions andDetermine Performance Characteristics3088.3Confi guration Design3098.3.1Generating AlternativeConfi gurations3128.3.2Analyzing Confi guration Designs3158.3.3Evaluating Configuration Designs3158.4Best Practicesfor Configuration Design3168.4.1Design Guidelines3178.4.2Interfaces andConnections3218.4.3Checklist forConfigurationDesign3248.4.4Design Catalogs3258.5Parametric Design3258.5.1Systematic Steps in ParametricDesign3268.5.2A ParametricDesign Example:Helical CoilCompression Spring3288.5.3Design forManufacture(DFM)and Design for Assembly(DFA)3368.5.4Failure Modesand EffectsAnalysis(FMEA)3378.5.5Design forReliability and Safety3378.5.6Design forQuality andRobustness3388.6Dimensions andTolerances3388.6.1Dimensions3398.6.2Tolerances3408.6.3Geometric Dimensioningand Tolerancing3508.6.4Guidelines forTolerance Design3558.7Industrial Design3568.7.1Visual Aesthetics3578.8Human FactorsDesign3588.8.1Human PhysicalEffort3598.8.2Sensory Input3618.8.3Anthropometric Data3648.8.4Design forServiceability3648.9Design forthe Environment3658.9.1Life CycleDesign3668.9.2Design forthe Environment(DFE)3688.9.3DFE ScoringMethods3708.10Prototyping andTesting3708.10.1Prototype andModel TestingThroughout theDesign Process3718.10.2Building Prototypes372die37039_ch00_fm.indd xiii2/25/086:50:04PMxiv engineeringdesign8.10.3Rapid Prototyping3738.10.4RP Processes3748.10.5Testing3778.10.6Statistical Design of Testing3788.11Design forX(DFX)3808.12Summary382New Termsand Concepts382Bibliography383Problems andExercises383Chapter9Detail Design3869.1Introduction3869.2Activities andDecisions inDetail Design3879.3Communicating Designand ManufacturingInformation3919.3.1Engineering Drawings3919.3.2Bill of Materials3949.3.3Written Documents3959.3.4Common Challengesin TechnicalWriting3989.3.5Meetings3999.3.6Oral Presentations4009.4Final DesignReview4029.4.1Input Documents4029.4.2Review MeetingProcess4039.4.3Output fromReview4039.5DesignandBusiness ActivitiesBeyond Detail Design4039.6Facilitating Designand Manufacturingwith Computer-Based Methods4069.6.1Product LifecycleManagement(PLM)4079.7Summary408New Termsand Concepts408Bibliography409Problems andExercises409Chapter10Modeling andSimulation41110.1The Role of Modelsin EngineeringDesign41110.1.1Types ofModels41210.1.2Iconic,Analog,and SymbolicModels41310.2Mathematical Modeling41410.2.1The Model-Building Process41410.3Dimensional Analysis42310.3.1Similitude andScale Models42510.4Finite-Difference Method42910.5Geometric ModelingontheComputer43210.6Finite ElementAnalysis43410.6.1The ConceptBehind FEA43510.6.2Types ofElements439die37039_ch00_fm.indd xiv2/25/086:50:04PM detailedcontents xv10.6.3Steps inthe FEAProcess44210.6.4Current Practice44410.7Simulation44610.7.1Introduction toSimulation Modeling44610.7.2Simulation ProgrammingSoftware44710.7.3Monte CarloSimulation44910.8Summary452New Termsand Concepts453Bibliography454Problems andExercises454Chapter11Materials Selection45711.1Introduction45711.1.1Relation of Materials Selectionto Design45811.1.2General Criteriafor Selection46011.1.3Overview ofthe Materials Selection Process46011.2PerformanceCharacteristicsof Materials46111.2.1Classifi cationof Materials46211.2.2Properties of Materials46311.2.3Specifi cationofMaterials47011.2.4Ashby Charts47111.3The Materials Selection Process47211.3.1DesignProcessand Materials Selection47411.3.2Materials Selectionin Conceptual Design47611.3.3Materials Selectionin Embodiment Design47611.4Sources ofInformation onMaterials Properties47811.4.1Conceptual Design47911.4.2EmbodimentDesign47911.4.3DetailDesign48211.5Economics ofMaterials48211.5.1Cost ofMaterials48211.5.2Cost StructureofMaterials48511.6Overview ofMethods ofMaterialsSelection48611.7Selection withComputer-Aided Databases48711.8Material PerformanceIndices48811.8.1Material PerformanceIndex48911.9MaterialsSelectionwith DecisionMatrices49411.9.1Pugh SelectionMethod49511.9.2Weighted PropertyIndex49611.10Design Examples49911.11Recycling andMaterialsSelection50311.11.1Benefi tsfrom Recycling50411.11.2StepsinRecycling50411.11.3Design forRecycling50611.11.4Material Selectionfor Eco-attributes508die37039_ch00_fm.indd xv2/25/086:50:05PMxvi engineeringdesign11.12Summary510New Termsand Concepts511Bibliography512Problems andExercises512Chapter12Design withMaterials51512.1Introduction51512.2Design forBrittle Fracture51612.2.1Plane StrainFracture Toughness51812.2.2Limitations onFracture